蒸汽爆破预处理对杜仲皮活性成分和杜仲胶提取的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2019.01.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对杜仲皮先进行蒸汽爆破预处理，然后利用纤维素酶对预处理杜仲皮进行水解提取活性成分及杜仲胶。考察了蒸汽爆破预处理条件对杜仲皮中活性成分及杜仲胶得率和杜仲胶相对分子质量的影响。研究结果显示：乙醇超声波提取未预处理杜仲皮中活性成分的较优条件为：1 g杜仲皮粉末，以乙醇为溶剂，乙醇体积分数40%，料液比1:10(g:mL)，超声功率200 W，提取温度40 ℃，提取40 min。在此条件下，以蒸汽爆破预处理杜仲皮为原料，当预处理蒸汽压力为3.25 MPa、预处理时间为1 min时，乙醇超声波提取黄酮和绿原酸的得率分别为26.83和1.22 mg/g，纤维素酶水解提取黄酮和绿原酸的得率分别为19.17和0.93 mg/g。预处理后的杜仲皮经酶解后固体残渣可用于提取杜仲胶，当预处理压力为0.52 MPa、预处理时间为15 min时，杜仲胶得率可达5.92%，其M_w和M_n分别为28.39×10⁴和6.45×10⁴。

关键词: 杜仲皮, 蒸汽爆破, 活性成分, 杜仲胶, 酶水解

Abstract:

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark was pretreated by steam explosion, and then the pretreated bark was hydrolyzed by cellulase to extract bioactive components and gutta-percha. Effect of steam explosion pretreatment on the bioactive components, yield and molecular weight of gutta-percha from bark of E. ulmoides Oliver were investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the extraction of bioactive components from untreated barks using ethonal sonication-assisted method were 40% ethanol, ultrasonic power 200 W, extraction temperature 40 ℃ and extraction time 40 min. When the conditions of steam explosion pretreatment were 3.25 MPa and 1 min, the yields of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid using ethonal sonication-assisted method were 26.83 and 1.22 mg/g, respectively, and the yields of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid extracted by cellulase hydrolysis were 19.17 and 0.93 mg/g, respectively. The solid residue of pretreated barks after enzymatic hydrolysis was used to extract gutta-percha. When the conditions of steam explosion pretreatment were 0.52 MPa and 15 min, the yields of gutta-percha was 5.92%, and the M_w and M_n of gutta-percha were 28.39×10⁴ and 6.45×10⁴, respectively.

Key words: Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark, steam explosion, bioactive components, gutta-percha, enzymatic hydrolysis

中图分类号:

TQ35

魏锦锦,辛东林,陈翔,全熙宇,张军华. 蒸汽爆破预处理对杜仲皮活性成分和杜仲胶提取的影响[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2019, 39(1): 88-94.

Jinjin WEI,Donglin XIN,Xiang CHEN,Xiyu QUAN,Junhua ZHANG. Effect of Steam Explosion on Extraction of Bioactive Components and Gutta-percha from Barks of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2019, 39(1): 88-94.

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提取溶剂extraction solvent	黄酮/(mg·g^-1)flavonoids	桃叶珊瑚苷/(mg·g^-1)aucubin	京尼平苷酸/(mg·g^-1)geniposidic acid	绿原酸/(mg·g^-1)chlorogenic acid
缓冲液buffer	5.93±0.00	0.98±0.15	0.54±0.01	0.24±0.05
纤维素酶cellulase	7.52±0.16	1.13±0.10	0.35±0.01	0.11±0.03
水water	5.08±0.07	0.70±0.34	0.45±0.08	0.10±0.04
30%乙醇30% ethanol	6.53±0.14	1.81±0.00	0.63±0.04	0.34±0.02
60%乙醇60% ethanol	6.07±0.05	1.66±0.05	0.72±0.01	0.24±0.08

提取条件 extraction condition		黄酮/(mg·g^-1) flavonoids	桃叶珊瑚苷/(mg·g^-1 aucubin	京尼平苷酸/(mg·g^-1) geniposidic acid	绿原酸/(mg·g^-1) chlorogenic acid
乙醇体积分数volume fraction of ethanol	20%	5.74±0.23	7.74±0.44	0.54±0.01	0.20±0.01
	30%	6.29±0.02	9.26±0.65	0.69±0.05	0.21±0.00
	40%	7.01±0.11	11.55±0.65	0.62±0.03	0.24±0.01
	50%	6.50±0.23	8.23±0.71	0.75±0.08	0.26±0.04
	60%	6.31±0.50	8.45±0.16	0.71±0.01	0.27±0.05
	70%	7.15±0.21	25.53±0.92	0.78±0.02	0.26±0.00
提取时间extraction time	20 min	5.59 ±0.02	7.36±0.60	0.67±0.06	0.23±0.01
	40 min	5.70±0.13	7.74±0.22	0.59±0.02	0.28±0.03
	60 min	3.47±0.07	8.45±0.60	0.58±0.01	0.29±0.00
	80 min	4.27±0.29	9.64±0.71	0.59±0.00	0.25±0.01
	100 min	3.89±0.35	8.72±0.87	0.58±0.10	0.28±0.02
	120 min	3.65±0.11	8.12±0.27	0.54±0.03	0.22±0.00
超声波功率ultrasonic power	100 W	6.33±0.48	9.15±0.54	0.64±0.04	0.25±0.01
	200 W	6.77±0.13	9.53±0.27	0.59±0.02	0.28±0.04
	300 W	5.85±0.13	9.86±0.27	0.58±0.00	0.19±0.00
	400 W	6.37±0.09	10.02±0.22	0.64±0.01	0.24±0.00
	500 W	6.02±0.13	9.53±0.49	0.59±0.03	0.21±0.01
提取温度extraction temperature	25 ℃	7.66±0.05	6.22±0.65	0.61±0.02	0.29±0.06
	40 ℃	7.63±0.08	7.30±1.09	0.69±0.06	0.25±0.01
	55 ℃	9.11±0.45	7.79±0.82	0.64±0.03	0.29±0.00
	65 ℃	9.34±0.28	7.85±0.65	0.65±0.01	0.29±0.04

预处理pretreatment		黄酮/(mg·g^-1)flavonoids	桃叶珊瑚苷/(mg·g^-1)aucubin	京尼平苷酸/(mg·g^-1)geniposidic acid	绿原酸/(mg·g^-1)chlorogenic acid
压力/MPapressure	时间/mintime	黄酮/(mg·g^-1)flavonoids	桃叶珊瑚苷/(mg·g^-1)aucubin	京尼平苷酸/(mg·g^-1)geniposidic acid	绿原酸/(mg·g^-1)chlorogenic acid
0	0	7.63±0.08	7.30±1.09	0.69±0.06	0.25±0.01
0.52	8	5.08±0.46	1.23±0.41	0.44±0.11	0.23±0.01
0.52	15	3.85±0.33	0.93±0.49	0.33±0.02	0.32±0.01
0.90	6	8.30±1.75	1.15±0.16	0.24±0.04	0.21±0.05
1.45	3	14.04±1.23	1.83±0.08	0.36±0.12	0.41±0.03
1.45	8	17.68±0.83	2.18±0.49	0.49±0.06	0.73±0.01
2.10	6	21.82±0.42	2.16±0.14	0.29±0.08	1.01±0.06
3.25	1	26.83±0.04	2.46±0.05	0.33±0.03	1.22±0.02

预处理 pretreatment		活性成分/(mg·g^-1) active compounds				糖得率/(mg·g^-1) yield of saccharide
压力/ MPapressure	时间/ mintime	黄酮 flavonoids	桃叶珊瑚苷 aucubin	京尼平苷酸 geniposidic acid	绿原酸 chlorogenic acid	葡萄糖glucose	木糖xylose
0	0	10.12±0.04	1.78±0.03	0.00±0.00	0.37±0.01	97.86±0.72	22.75±0.08
0.52	8	10.41±0.07	0.99±0.04	0.13±0.01	0.67±0.00	111.11±4.11	21.81±0.24
0.52	15	8.44±0.13	0.80±0.06	0.11±0.02	0.60±0.02	103.46±3.02	27.00±0.14
0.90	6	9.98±0.04	0.55±0.01	0.02±0.01	0.50±0.00	110.56±4.15	31.21±0.92
1.45	3	12.36±0.20	0.68±0.03	0.03±0.00	0.56±0.02	124.89±19.46	35.63±3.88
1.45	8	13.86±0.10	0.63±0.05	0.00±0.00	0.24±0.24	102.76±2.47	30.34±0.06
2.10	6	16.86±0.22	0.50±0.03	0.07±0.00	0.88±0.00	104.57±2.16	35.61±0.07
3.25	1	19.17±0.25	0.53±0.02	0.09±0.01	0.93±0.02	100.45±2.93	36.41±1.52

压力/MPapressure	时间/mintime	Mw	M_n	D=M_w/M_n	杜仲胶得率/%yield of gutta-percha
0	0	42.70×10⁴	16.36×10⁴	2.61	4.82
0.52	8	29.36×10⁴	7.58×10⁴	3.87	5.36
0.52	15	28.39×10⁴	6.45×10⁴	4.40	5.92
0.90	6	26.64×10⁴	6.76×10⁴	3.94	4.73
1.45	3	24.48×10⁴	5.74×10⁴	4.26	4.36
1.45	8	29.64×10⁴	7.21×10⁴	4.11	4.97
2.10	6	33.58×10⁴	9.92×10⁴	3.39	4.35
3.25	1	32.35×10⁴	8.47×10⁴	3.82	4.61