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林产化学与工业 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 122-128.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2019.02.018

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    

杜仲叶多糖、杜仲精粉、杜仲胶的提取分离及其性能分析

全熙宇,彭湃,文沛瑶,魏锦锦,张军华*()   

  1. 西北农林科技大学 林学院,陕西 杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-13 出版日期:2019-04-25 发布日期:2019-05-08
  • 通讯作者: 张军华 E-mail:junhuazhang@nwafu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:全熙宇(1993—),男,黑龙江绥化人,硕士生,研究方向为生物质资源化学
  • 基金资助:
    国家林业局948项目(2015-4-59)

Extraction and Properties Analysis of Polysaccharides, Extractum and Gutta-percha from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Leaves

Xiyu QUAN,Pai PENG,Peiyao WEN,Jinjin WEI,Junhua ZHANG*()   

  1. College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
  • Received:2018-11-13 Online:2019-04-25 Published:2019-05-08
  • Contact: Junhua ZHANG E-mail:junhuazhang@nwafu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    国家林业局948项目(2015-4-59)

摘要:

为实现杜仲叶中生物活性成分和杜仲胶的高效提取分离,采用连续热水浸提、碱提取、酶水解和石油醚提取杜仲叶,分别得到了杜仲精粉、杜仲多糖(水溶性多糖和碱提多糖)及杜仲胶。考察了料液比和温度对活性成分提取得率的影响,探讨了酶解时间和酶种类对杜仲叶残渣水解的影响,最后对杜仲精粉、水溶性多糖和碱提多糖的铁离子还原能力和DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除活性进行了测定,并对杜仲胶相对分子质量进行了测定。研究结果表明:料液比为1:10(g:mL),温度为80 ℃时,总黄酮和绿原酸的提取得率最大分别为50.08和6.83 mg/g。杜仲水溶性多糖、碱提多糖、杜仲精粉均具有较好的抗氧化能力,其中杜仲精粉抗氧化活性最高, 5 g/L时杜仲精粉的铁离子还原能力为4.01 mmol/L,300 mg/L时DPPH·的清除率为94.46%,与Vc相当。杜仲叶水提残渣酶解48 h时,葡聚糖和木聚糖水解率最大,分别为86.77%和15.62%。杜仲叶中水溶性多糖的得率为13.2%,杜仲胶得率为1.86%,碱提多糖得率为9.8%,杜仲精粉得率为8.0%。杜仲胶的MwMn分别为330 398和84 526,远大于水溶性多糖和碱提多糖的相对分子质量,但相对分子质量分布指数为3.91,分散程度明显低于杜仲多糖。

关键词: 杜仲叶, 生物活性成分, 杜仲多糖, 杜仲胶, 酶水解

Abstract:

In order to extract bioactive components and gutta-percha effectively from leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, the successive extractions of the leaves by hot water, alkali, and enzyme-petroleum ether were used to obtain the extractum, polysaccharides(water-soluble polysaccharides and alkali-extracted polysaccharides) and gutta-percha, respectively. Effects of solid to liquid ratio and temperature on yields of bioactive components were investigated. Meanwhile, the effects of time and type of enzymes on enzymatic hydrolysis of the residues were discussed. Finally, the ferric reducing/antioxidant power and the scavenging DPPH radical activity of bioactive constituents, water-soluble and alkali-extracted polysaccharides were determined, and the molecular weights of gutta- percha were determined. The results showed that the highest yields of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid were 50.08 mg/g and 6.83 mg/g with solid to liquid ratio of 1:10 (g:mL)at 80 ℃. The water-soluble and alkali-extracted polysaccharides and extractum from E. ulmoides Oliver exhibited good antioxidant activity, in which the antioxidant activity of extractum was the highest. The total antioxidant activity of 5 g/L extractum was 4.01 mmol/L, and the scavenging rate of DPPH radical at 300 mg/L was 94.46%, which was the same as that of Vc. The hydrolysis rates of glucan and xylan were the highest when water-extracted residues of E. ulmoides leaves were hydrolysed for 48 h, which were 86.77% and 15.62%, respectively. The yields of extractum, water-soluble polysaccharides, alkali-extracted polysaccharides and gutta-pereha were 8.0%, 13.2%, 9.8%, 1.86%, respectively. The weight average relative molecular mass (Mw) and the number average relative molecular mass (Mn) of gutta-pereha were 330 398 and 84 526, respectively, which were higher than the molecular weights of polysaccharides. Meanwhile, Mw/Mn=3.91, and the dispersity of extractum was lower than that of polysaccharides.

Key words: Eucommia ulmides Oliver leaves, bioactive components, polysaccharides, gutta-percha, enzymatic hydrolysis

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