肥皂荚皂苷提取工艺优化及其表面张力研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2019.06.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过单因素试验和响应面法优化了肥皂荚皂苷的水浸提工艺，分析了皂苷的表面活性性能，并对皂苷结构进行了初步表征，结果表明：肥皂荚皂苷水浸提的最佳工艺条件为2.0 g肥皂荚果皮粉末，提取温度69℃，提取时间11 h 15 min，液料比10：1（mL：g），在此条件下，皂苷得率达26.49%。经过大孔吸附树脂纯化后得到60%乙醇洗脱皂苷和90%乙醇洗脱皂苷，其最低表面张力分别为47.43和35.83 mN/m，临界胶束浓度分别为0.35和0.75 g/L，皂苷中总糖分别为58.46%和51.16%。2种皂苷中单糖均为葡萄糖、木糖、鼠李糖和阿拉伯糖等，但单糖含量略有差异。紫外和红外光谱分析表明：2种肥皂荚皂苷样品的紫外最大吸收波长均为470 nm左右，且均具有皂苷的基本红外特征峰。

关键词: 肥皂荚皂苷, 水浸提, 响应面优化, 表面张力, 结构表征

Abstract:

The water extraction process of saponins from soap pods was optimized by single factor test and response surface method.The surface activity of saponins was analyzed and the structure of saponins was preliminarily characterized. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:peel powder of soap pods 2.0 g, temperature 69℃, time 11 h 15 min, and the ratio of liquid to solid is 10:1 (mL:g). Under the above conditions, the yield of saponin is 26.49%. The purified saponins of soap pods were separated by 60% ethanol and 90% ethanol elution. The surface tensions were 47.43 and 35.83 m N/m, respectively. The critical micelle concentrations were 0.35 and 0.75 g/L, respectively. The total sugar content of the hydrolysis was 58.46% and 51.16%, respectively. The monosaccharides in the two kinds of saponins include glucose, xylose, rhamnose and arabinose, but the content of monosaccharide is slightly different. The maximum ultraviolet absorption wavelength of two kinds of saponins was about 470 nm. The infrared spectrum analysis shows that the two kinds of saponins both have the basic characteristic peaks of saponins.

Key words: Gleditsia saponin, water extraction, response surface methodology, surface tension, structural characterization

中图分类号:

TQ35

吕喆璇,张威伟,刘丹丹,朱莉伟,蒋建新. 肥皂荚皂苷提取工艺优化及其表面张力研究[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2019, 39(6): 102-108.

Zhexuan LÜ,Weiwei ZHANG,Dandan LIU,Liwei ZHU,Jianxin JIANG. Extraction Technology and Surface Tension Characterization of Gymnocladus chinensis Saponin[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2019, 39(6): 102-108.

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方差来源 sources of variance	平方和 sum of squares	自由度 df	均方 mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value	显著性¹⁾ significance
模型model	9.02	9	1.00	13.85	0.0023	**
X₁	0.070	1	0.070	0.97	0.3623
X₂	0.058	1	0.058	0.80	0.4058
X₃	3.613×10^-3	1	3.613×10^-3	0.050	0.8306
X₁X₂	1.38	1	1.38	19.08	0.0047	**
X₁X₃	8.100×10^-3	1	8.100×10^-3	0.11	0.7493
X₂X₃	0.17	1	0.17	2.38	0.1738
X₁²	1.64	1	1.64	22.74	0.0031	**
X₂²	2.71	1	2.71	37.52	0.0009	***
X₃²	2.97	1	2.97	41.01	0.0007	***
残差residual	0.43	6	0.072	3.45	0.1680
失拟项lack of fit	0.34	3	0.11
纯误差pure error	0.097	3	0.032
总和sum	9.45	15

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