樟树叶精油组成分析及抗氧化活性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2020.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用气相色谱-质谱法对不同化学类型樟树叶精油组成进行分析，对比4种樟树叶精油的成分差异；采用DPPH、ABTS、FRAP法对樟树叶精油的体外抗氧化活性进行评价，并使用丁基羟基茴香（BHA）作为阳性对照。研究结果表明：4种类型樟树叶精油共检测出46种主要化学成分，其中，异樟叶精油检测出35种化学成分，主要成分异橙花叔醇为29.48%；芳樟叶精油检测出33种成分，主要成分芳樟醇为71.91%；脑樟叶精油检测出33种化学成分，主要成分樟脑为46.28%；油樟叶精油中共检测出33种化学成分，主要成分1，8-桉叶油素为30.31%。4种樟树叶精油均具有一定的抗氧化活性，且随着精油浓度增加抗氧化能力增强，但其抗氧化能力均低于BHA。其中，脑樟叶精油的DPPH自由基清除能力及Fe³⁺还原能力最强，当质量浓度为8 g/L时，脑樟叶精油的DPPH自由基清除率为30.34%±1.25%，FRAP值为（1.44±0.13）mmol/L；而异樟叶精油的ABTS自由基清除能力最强，当质量浓度为8 g/L时，异樟叶精油的ABTS自由基清除率为14.93%±2.32%。

关键词: 樟树叶精油, 气相色谱-质谱联用, 抗氧化活性

Abstract:

Four different chemical types of camphor leaves essential oils were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to compare their compositional differences. The antioxidant activity of camphora leaves essential oil was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP, and butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) was used as positive control. The results showed that 46 kinds of main chemical components were detected in four chemical types of camphor oils. Among them, 35 kinds of chemical components were detected in the isonerolidol type oil, and the main component was isonerolidol, which was 29.48%. A total of 33 chemical components were detected in linalool type oil, and the main component was linalool, which was 71.91%. A total of 33 chemical components were detected in camphor type oil, and the main component was camphor, which was 46.28%. A total of 33 chemical components were detected in cineol type oil, and the main components was 1, 8-cineole, which was 30.31%. The four chemical types of camphora oils all exhibited a certain scavenging effects on DPPH radical, ABTS radical and reducing power in a concentration-dependent manner. But their antioxidant capacity was lower than BHA.Among them, camphor type oil exhibited the strongest of DPPH and scavenging ability and Fe³⁺ reducing power. When the concentration was 8 g/L, the DPPH radical scavenging rate of camphor type oil was 30.34%±1.25%, FRAP value was (1.44±0.13) mmol/L. isonerolidol type oil showed the strongest ABTS radical scavenging ability. When the concentration was 8 g/L, the ABTS radical scavenging rate of isonerolidol type oil was 14.93%±2.32%.

Key words: camphora leaves essential oil, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, antioxidant activity

中图分类号:

TQ35

李嘉欣,孟斌斌,朱凯. 樟树叶精油组成分析及抗氧化活性研究[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2020, 40(1): 84-90.

Jiaxin LI,Binbin MENG,Kai ZHU. Components and Antioxidant Activity of Camphor Leaves Essential Oil[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2020, 40(1): 84-90.

图/表 4

图1

表1

不同化学型樟叶油的化学组分"

编号 No.	化合物名称 compounds name	保留时间/min retention time	GC含量 GC content/%
编号 No.	化合物名称 compounds name	保留时间/min retention time	芳樟 linalool	脑樟 camphor	异樟 isonerolidol	油樟 cineol
1	4-甲基-2-戊酮4-methyl-2-pentanone	3.80	0.70	—	—	—
2	正己醛hexanal	4.58	0.05	0.05	0.10	0.04
3	二丙酮醇diacetone alcohol	5.21	0.05	0.05	—	0.03
4	反式-3-己烯-1-醇cis-3-hexen-1-ol	5.43	0.36	0.36	—	0.14
5	叶醇leaf alcohol	5.44	—	—	0.23	—
6	α-蒎烯α-pinene	6.68	1.11	7.19	2.34	6.09
7	莰烯camphene	6.95	0.59	4.07	1.30	0.36
8	桧烯sabinene	7.34	0.35	1.29	0.15	15.52
9	β-蒎烯β-pinene	7.43	0.43	2.26	1.15	4.33
10	月桂烯myrcene	7.57	0.29	2.59	0.64	1.88
11	水芹烯α-phellandrene	7.88	—	0.62	0.58	0.08
12	对伞花烃p-cymene	8.26	—	—	—	0.14
13	(+)-柠檬烯(+)-dipentene	8.33	—	5.18	0.77	—
14	1, 8-桉叶油素1, 8-cineole	8.40	1.48	4.61	0.63	30.31
15	罗勒烯α-ocimene	8.62	0.37	0.10	0.21	0.15
16	松油烯α-terpinene	8.89	0.08	0.35	—	1.65
17	顺-α, α-5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢化呋喃-2-甲醇cis-α, α, 5-trimethyl-5-vinyltetrahydrofuran-2-methanol	9.16	0.70	—	—	—
18	萜品油烯terpinolene	9.49	—	0.52	—	1.45
19	芳樟醇linalool	9.70	71.91	3.04	10.97	1.42
20	3-辛烯-2-醇3-octen-2-ol	10.72	4.22	—	—	—
21	樟脑camphor	10.81	—	46.28	2.80	5.57
22	异龙脑isoborneol	11.21	0.16	0.96	0.23	1.28
23	(-)-4-萜品醇(-)-terpinen-4-ol	11.44	0.22	0.98	0.11	3.43
24	α-松油醇α-terpineol	11.72	0.60	1.25	0.70	11.27
25	(R)-3, 7-二甲基-6-辛烯醇(R)-(+)-β-citronellol	12.44	—	—	0.55	—
26	左旋乙酸冰片酯L-bornyl acetate	13.86	0.40	1.67	—	0.06
27	(-)-α-荜澄茄油烯(-)-α-cubebene	15.39	0.12	—	—	—
28	β-波旁烯β-bourbonene	16.26	—	0.14	0.15	—
29	β-榄香烯β-elemene	16.33	0.38	0.51	0.30	0.81
30	反式石竹烯caryophyllene	16.90	2.79	2.55	5.48	2.46
31	(+)-香橙烯(+)-aromandendrene	17.21	0.19	0.19	0.44	0.12
32	α-律草烯α-caryophyllene	17.26	0.69	3.48	2.22	0.82
33	香树烯aromadendrene	17.53	0.05	0.05	0.11	0.03
34	大根香叶烯germacrene D	17.79	0.73	1.82	2.32	1.26
35	β-瑟林烯β-selinene	17.87	1.30	0.18	0.15	2.16
36	牛儿烯bicyclogermacrene	17.99	4.24	4.07	6.49	3.53
37	杜松烯cadinene	18.26	0.17	0.22	0.25	0.20
38	水杨酸salicylic acid	18.49	—	—	0.15	—
39	榄香醇elemol	18.58	—	—	—	0.28
40	异橙花叔醇isonerolidol	18.67	1.01	—	29.48	—
41	桉油烯醇spathulenol	18.93	1.17	0.42	11.42	0.22
42	石竹素caryophyllene oxide	19.00	0.49	0.20	0.25	0.18
43	环氧化蛇麻烯humulene epoxide	19.25	0.07	0.08	0.68	0.03
44	蓝桉醇(-)-globulol	19.59	—	—	0.41	—
45	异香橙烯环氧化物isoaromadendrene epoxide	19.64	—	—	0.73	—
46	蒿酮3, 3, 6-trimethylhepta-1, 5-dien-4-one	20.11	—	—	9.70	—

表1

表2

图2

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种类 kinds	质量浓度/(g·L^-1) concentration	DPPH·清除率/% DPPH·scavenging rate	·ABTS⁺清除率/% ·ABTS⁺scavenging rate
	0.5	0.27	3.79
	1.0	3.36	4.35
芳樟linalool	2.0	4.03	5.44
	4.0	12.48	6.69
	8.0	23.09	9.49
	0.5	0.40	3.92
	1.0	2.82	4.67
脑樟camphor	2.0	11.68	5.44
	4.0	18.79	7.86
	8.0	30.34	14.15
	0.5	2.15	3.68
	1.0	2.42	5.29
异樟isonerolidol	2.0	3.36	7.00
	4.0	9.53	9.43
	8.0	16.24	14.93
	0.5	1.61	3.20
	1.0	3.09	4.04
油樟cineol	2.0	5.23	4.82
	4.0	17.05	5.29
	8.0	19.87	7.15
	0.5	75.34	21.22
	1.0	81.20	31.26
BHA	2.0	83.09	58.95
	4.0	84.29	90.02
	8.0	85.44	96.31

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