木材胶黏剂研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2020.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国木材胶黏剂消耗量巨大，主要胶种仍为甲醛类合成树脂胶黏剂，而非醛基胶黏剂、生物质基胶黏剂等环保型胶黏剂发展迅速，成为了近年来研究的热点。为了进一步深入研讨胶黏剂，综述了木材胶黏剂的最新研究进展和开发应用情况，囊括了脲醛树脂胶黏剂、酚醛树脂胶黏剂、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂胶黏剂、蛋白质基胶黏剂、木质素基胶黏剂、淀粉基胶黏剂、单宁基胶黏剂、异氰酸酯类胶黏剂、乳液类胶黏剂和热解生物油基胶黏剂等主要胶种，展望了木材胶黏剂的发展趋势及未来研究方向。

关键词: 木材工业, 胶黏剂, 研究进展, 发展趋势

Abstract:

The consumption of wood adhesive in China is huge. However, the main wood adhesive based on formaldehyde is still prevalent. In recent years, environment friendly adhesives such as non-formaldehyde adhesives and biomass adhesives have developed rapidly. Herein, the recent research and application of wood adhesives including urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives, phenolic resin adhesives, melamine-formaldehyde resin adhesives, protein adhesives, lignin adhesives, starch adhesives, tannins adhesives, isocyanate adhesive, emulsion adhesives and pyrolysis biological oil adhesives were reviewed. The development trend and the research direction of wood adhesives were also prospected.

Key words: wood industry, adhesive, research development, development trend

中图分类号:

TQ43
TQ35

马玉峰,龚轩昂,王春鹏. 木材胶黏剂研究进展[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2020, 40(2): 1-15.

Yufeng MA,Xuan'ang GONG,Chunpeng WANG. Research Progress in Wood Adhesives[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2020, 40(2): 1-15.

图/表 7

表1

图1

图2

表2

不同改性剂蛋白胶黏剂制备的人造板性能"

原料 raw materials	改性剂 modifiers	参照标准 reference standards	胶合强度¹⁾/MPa bonding strength	耐水等级 water resistant level
豆粕蛋白粉 soybean meal protein powder	水性聚酰胺、乙二醛、异氰酸酯 aqueous polyamide, glyoxal, isocyanate	GB/T 17657—1999	＞0.7^[30]	Ⅱ
	封闭的异氰酸酯 closed isocyanate	GB/T 9846.1— 2004	0.8~1.0^[31]	Ⅱ
大豆分离蛋白 soybean protein isolate	硫脲、三聚磷酸钠、二氧化硅 thiourea, sodium tripolyphosphate, silicon dioxide	GB/T 17657—1999	2.12(D)/1.01(W)^[32]	Ⅱ
	聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷 polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin	GB/T 17657—1999	1.12(W)^[33]	Ⅰ
	尿素、聚乙烯醇、异氰酸酯、酰胺类聚合物urea, polyvinyl alcohol, isocyanate, amide polymers	GB/T 17657—1999	＞0.7^[34]	Ⅱ
	乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、二乙烯三胺 ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, diethy-enetriamine	GB/T 17657—2013	0.9, 1.27, 1.15 (W)^[35]	Ⅱ
大豆豆粕粉 soybean meal powder	氢氧化钠、乙醇、硫脲、十二烷基硫酸钠 sodium hydroxide, ethanol, thiourea, lauryl sodium sulfate	GB/T 9846.1—2004	0. 98(W)^[36]	Ⅱ
	硅烷偶联剂、乙二醇二缩水甘油醚 silane coupling agent, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether	GB/T 17657—2013	0.98~1.06 ^[37]	Ⅱ
	丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠 acrylamide, sodium polyacrylate	GB/T 17657—1999	1.20(W)^[38]	Ⅰ
	十一碳烯酸 undecylenic acid	ASTM D2339—98	5.99~6.67(D)/ 2.04~3.30(W)^[39]	Ⅱ
	环氧氯丙烷、环氧树脂 epichlorohydrin, epoxy resin	GB/T 17657—1999	0.9~0.95(W)^[40]	Ⅰ
脱脂豆粉 defatted soybean meal	苯酚、甲醛 phenol, formaldehyde	GB/T 17657—1999	0.82~1.47 ^[41]	Ⅰ
	环氧树脂、三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂 epoxy resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin	GB/T 9846.1—2004	0.93^[42]	Ⅰ
	环氧树脂、三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂 epoxy resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin	GB/T 9846.3—2004	0.81(W)^[43]	Ⅰ

表2

图3

图4

图5

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醛脲比 molar ratio of formaldehyde to urea	改性剂 modifier	改性剂作用类别 type of action of modifier	胶合板性能the properties of plywood		参考文献 references
醛脲比 molar ratio of formaldehyde to urea	改性剂 modifier	改性剂作用类别 type of action of modifier	耐水性等级 water resistance grade	甲醛释放量等级 formaldehyde emission grade	参考文献 references
1.3	纳米二氧化钛nano-TiO₂	共混blend	Ⅱ	E₀	[5]
1.2	二乙醇胺、三聚氰胺 diethanolamine, melamine	共聚copolymerization		E₀	[6]
1.5	秸秆乙醇残渣 straw ethanol residue	共聚/共混 copolymerization/blend	Ⅱ	E₀	[7]
1.5	羟甲基化秸秆乙醇残渣 hydroxy methylated straw residue for ethanol	共混blend	Ⅱ	E₀	[8]

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