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林产化学与工业 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 107-122.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2021.01.015

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多孔炭材料吸附CO2研究进展

张宇航, 李伟, 马春慧, 罗沙, 刘守新()   

  1. 东北林业大学, 生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-23 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2021-03-03
  • 通讯作者: 刘守新 E-mail:liushouxin@126.com
  • 作者简介:刘守新, 教授, 博士生导师, 研究领域为功能炭材料以及光催化材料; E-mail: liushouxin@126.com
    张宇航(1997-), 男, 内蒙古呼伦贝尔人, 硕士生, 研究方向为多孔炭材料的制备及CO2吸附应用
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(31971601)

Progress of Research on CO2 Adsorption by Porous Carbon Materials

Yuhang ZHANG, Wei LI, Chunhui MA, Sha LUO, Shouxin LIU()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
  • Received:2020-07-23 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2021-03-03
  • Contact: Shouxin LIU E-mail:liushouxin@126.com

摘要:

由CO2等温室气体排放带来的全球变暖问题是目前最严峻的环境问题之一。因此,利用多孔炭材料作为其高效吸附材料的研究得到了广泛的关注。系统综述了近年来用于CO2吸附的5种多孔炭材料,即煤/石油焦基活性炭、生物质多孔炭、炭气凝胶、金属有机骨架衍生物和碳纳米材料,以及多孔炭材料主要的4种制备方法(高温炭化与活化法、水热炭化法、溶胶-凝胶法和模板法),并重点讨论其结构与CO2吸附性能的关系;随后对多孔炭材料的孔结构和表面化学性质吸附CO2的机理进行总结。最后,提出多孔炭材料吸附CO2发展过程中尚待解决的问题,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: CO2吸附, 多孔炭, 固体吸附剂, 机理

Abstract:

Global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions is a pressing environmental problem. Given that CO2 is the most significant greenhouse gas, research into materials that can efficiently adsorb CO2 has attracted considerable attention. Compared with other adsorption materials, porous materials offer a large specific surface area with high chemical and thermal stabilities and also feature good adsorption capacity, selectivity, cyclicity, and fast adsorption kinetics; therefore, they are widely used as solid adsorbents for CO2 capture. This review systematically introduces five types of porous carbon materials coal/petroleum-coke-activated carbons, biomass porous carbons, carbon aerogels, metal-organic-framework-derived carbons, and carbon nanomaterials that have been developed in recent years. Furthermore, the four primary methods used to prepare these materials for CO2 adsorption (i.e., high temperature carbonization and activation, hydrothermal carbonization, sol-gel processing and the template method) are presented. Emphasis is placed on their structure-performance relationship with CO2 adsorption. Simultaneously, the mechanism whereby CO2 is adsorbed by porous carbons with a pore texture is reviewed, in addition to the surface chemistry. Lastly, current challenges pertaining to CO2 adsorption are summarized, and future development trends are also prospected.

Key words: CO2 adsorption, porous carbon, solid adsorbent, mechanism

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