木质素磺酸钠基膨胀阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的制备及性能

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2021.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用木质素磺酸钠(SLS)作为物理添料，同时利用聚磷酸铵(APP)和季戊四醇(PER)复配组成膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)，通过一步发泡法，制备木质素磺酸钠基膨胀阻燃聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)材料。利用极限氧指数(LOI)测试对PUF材料阻燃性能进行研究；利用热重分析(TG)仪和锥形量热(CONE)仪测试对PUF材料热降解行为和燃烧行为进行分析研究；利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对经过CONE测试后的PUF材料残炭微观形貌进行分析研究；通过万能力学测试机对材料的压缩性能进行测试。测试结果表明：当SLS的添加量为4%，添加30%的以APP与PER质量比为4：1复配组成的IFR时，阻燃PUF材料的LOI值达到了25.5%，同时材料的压缩强度提高到了359.87 kPa，与未经阻燃改性的PUF材料相比，阻燃PUF材料的最大热降解速率、热释放速率和总热释放量降低，700℃的残炭量明显提高到了34.5%，SLS和IFR的加入明显提高了PUF材料的阻燃性能和压缩强度。

关键词: 聚氨酯泡沫, 木质素磺酸钠, 膨胀阻燃剂, 阻燃性能, 燃烧行为

Abstract:

Sodium lignosulfonate based intumescent flame retardant polyurethane foam(PUF) composite was prepared by one-step foaming method with using sodium lignosulfonate(SLS) as physical filler, the compound of ammonium polyphosphate(APP) and pentaerythritol(PER) as intumescent flame retardant(IFR). Limiting oxygen index(LOI) test was used to study the flame retardancy of PUF materials; thermogravimetric analysis(TG) and cone calorimetry(CONE) were used to analyze the thermal degradation behavior and combustion behavior of PUF materials; scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to analyze the micro morphology of residual carbon of PUF composites after cone test; the compressive strength of the materials as tested by universal mechanical testing machine. The results showed that LOI value of flame retardant PUF material reached 25.5%, when the amount of SLS was 4% and 30% IFR with the mass ratio of APP to PER of 4:1 was added, the compressive strength of the material was increased to 359.87 kPa. Compared with the pure PUF materials, the maximum thermal degradation rate, heat release rate and total heat release of the flame retardant PUF decreased, and the char yield at 700℃ increased to 34.5%. In sum, the addition of SLS and IFR significantly improved the flame retardant properties and compressive strength.

Key words: polyurethane foam, sodium lignosulfonate, intumescent flame retardant, flame retardancy, combustion behavior

中图分类号:

TQ35

马悦, 李旭, 刘志明. 木质素磺酸钠基膨胀阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的制备及性能[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2021, 41(5): 31-37.

Yue MA, Xu LI, Zhiming LIU. Preparation and Properties of Sodium Lignosulfonate Based Intumescent Flame Retardant Polyurethane Foam[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2021, 41(5): 31-37.

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样品 samples	SLS添加量/% additive amount of SLS	LOI/%
PUF	0	19.1
PUF/2%SLS	2	19.6
PUF/4%SLS	4	19.8
PUF/6%SLS	6	19.6
PUF/8%SLS	8	19.4
PUF/10%SLS	10	19.2

样品 samples	IFR添加量/% additive amount of IFR	LOI/%
PUF/4%SLS/5%IFR	5	21.8
PUF/4%SLS/10%IFR	10	22.8
PUF/4%SLS/15%IFR	15	23.7
PUF/4%SLS/20%IFR	20	24.5
PUF/4%SLS/25%IFR	25	24.7
PUF/4%SLS/30%IFR	30	25.5

样品 samples	T_i/℃	第一阶段first stage		第二阶段second stage		残炭量(700℃)/% char yield
样品 samples	T_i/℃	R_p/(%·min^-1)	T_p/℃	R_p/(%·min^-1)	T_p/℃	残炭量(700℃)/% char yield
PUF	239.2	-6.6	325.9	-2.6	400.5	21.1
PUF/4%SLS	243.3	-6.4	328.3	-2.5	400.2	21.9
PUF/4%SLS/30%IFR	238.2	-6.2	314.8	-1.3	439.8	34.5

样品 samples	点燃时间/s ignition time	第一个峰the first peak		第二个峰the second peak		总热释放量/ (MJ·m^-2) total heat release	残炭量/% char residues
样品 samples	点燃时间/s ignition time	热释放速率/(kW·m^-2) heat release rate	时间/s time	热释放速率/(kW·m^-2) heat release rate	时间/s time	总热释放量/ (MJ·m^-2) total heat release	残炭量/% char residues
PUF	3	215.9	34	—	—	11.4	15.7
PUF/4%SLS	3	206.3	38	—	—	11.0	16.6
PUF/4%SLS/30%IFR	3	152.9	33	158.7	64	9.2	27.5

样品 samples	压缩强度/kPa compressive strength
PUF	229.74
PUF/4%SLS	253.05
PUF/4%SLS/5%IFR	318.36
PUF/4%SLS/10%IFR	355.55
PUF/4%SLS/15%IFR	451.58
PUF/4%SLS/20%IFR	394.56
PUF/4%SLS/25%IFR	376.86
PUF/4%SLS/30%IFR	359.87