磷酸法木质素基活性炭的制备及其电化学性能研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2022.02.005

林产化学与工业 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 31-38.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2022.02.005

磷酸法木质素基活性炭的制备及其电化学性能研究

郭奇¹^,², 许伟¹, 刘军利¹^,*()

1. 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所; 生物质化学利用国家工程实验室; 国家林业和草原局林产化学工程重点实验室; 江苏省生物质能源与材料重点实验室, 江苏南京 210042
2. 南京林业大学江苏省林业资源高效加工利用协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2021-10-12 出版日期:2022-04-28 发布日期:2022-05-06
通讯作者: 刘军利 E-mail:liujunli1974@126.com
作者简介:刘军利, 研究员, 博士生导师, 研究领域为生物质热化学转化技术、多孔质炭材料的制备及其应用技术; E-mail: liujunli1974@126.com
郭奇(1995-), 男, 山东泰安人, 硕士生, 研究方向为多孔质炭材料的制备及应用研究
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFB1503804);江苏省生物质能源与材料重点实验室基本科研业务费项目(JSBEM-S-202010)

Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Lignin-based Activated Carbon by Phosphoric Acid Activation

Qi GUO¹^,², Wei XU¹, Junli LIU¹^,*()

1. Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
2. Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2021-10-12 Online:2022-04-28 Published:2022-05-06
Contact: Junli LIU E-mail:liujunli1974@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以杨木木质素为原料，采用磷酸活化法制备中孔发达的活性炭，并利用孔结构分析、XRD、拉曼光谱，研究了活化温度(400~900℃)，以及磷酸与木质素质量比(浸渍比，1∶1~4∶1)对活性炭LAC-x-y(x代表浸渍比值，y代表活化湿度)结构的影响，通过电化学表征手段，探讨了炭材料的电化学性能与其结构的关系。孔结构分析结果表明：提升温度和浸渍比有利于活性炭中孔的形成，但过高的温度会导致孔隙结构的坍塌，过高的浸渍比会导致灰分的增加，从而导致活性炭性能降低。XRD和拉曼光谱结果表明：提升温度有助于提高活性炭的石墨化程度，而增加浸渍比会导致石墨化程度的降低。在活化温度为800℃、浸渍比为2∶1的条件下，制得的活性炭LAC-2-800表现出最佳的结构性能，比表面积1 031 m²/g，中孔率61%，平均孔径3.31 nm。使用该活性炭作为超级电容器电极材料时，在1 A/g的电流密度下比电容达到165 F/g，且在10 A/g的电流密度下比电容仍有136 F/g。在1 A/g的电流密度下，在循环5 000次后，比电容值能保持在初始值的78.1%。

关键词: 杨木木质素, 磷酸, 中孔活性炭, 超级电容器

Abstract:

Mesoporous activated carbon was prepared from poplar lignin by phosphoric acid activation. The effects of activation temperature(400-900 ℃) and mass ratio of phosphoric acid and lignin(impregnation ratio, 1∶1-4∶1) on the structure of activated carbon LAC-x-y(x represented the impregnation ratio, y represented the activation temperature) were investigated by pore structure, XRD and Raman spectroscopy analysis. The relationship between the electrochemical performance of activated carbon and its structure was investigated by means of electrochemical characterization. Pore structure analysis results showed that increasing the temperature and impregnation ratio was beneficial to the formation of mesopore, but too high temperature would lead to the collapse of pore structure, and too high impregnation ratio would lead to the increase of ash content, which would lead to the degradation of the performance of activated carbon. XRD and Raman spectroscopy results showed that increasing the temperature could improve the degree of graphitization of activated carbon, while increasing the impregnation ratio could decrease the degree of graphitization. Under the activation temperature of 800 ℃ and impregnation ratio of 2∶1, the activated carbon LAC-2-800 had the best performance, with specific surface area of 1 031 m²/g, mesopore ratio of 61% and average pore size of 3.31 nm. As the electrode material of supercapacitor, the specific capacitance reached 165 F/g at 1 A/g current density, and 136 F/g at 10 A/g current density. After 5 000 cycles at 1 A/g current density, the specific capacitance value could keep at 78.1% of the initial value.

Key words: poplar lignin, phosphoric acid, mesoporous activated carbon, supercapacitor

中图分类号:

TQ35

郭奇, 许伟, 刘军利. 磷酸法木质素基活性炭的制备及其电化学性能研究[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2022, 42(2): 31-38.

Qi GUO, Wei XU, Junli LIU. Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Lignin-based Activated Carbon by Phosphoric Acid Activation[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2022, 42(2): 31-38.

图/表 8

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项目 item		样品 sample	不同电流密度下比电容specific capacitance at different current densities/(F·g^-1)
项目 item		样品 sample	0.1 A/g	1 A/g	10 A/g
活化温度 activation temperature	400 ℃	LAC-2-400	157	112	88
	500 ℃	LAC-2-500	175	141	115
	600 ℃	LAC-2-600	167	137	108
	700 ℃	LAC-2-700	158	129	102
	800 ℃	LAC-2-800	221	165	136
	900 ℃	LAC-2-900	191	148	118
浸渍比 impregnation ratio	1∶1	LAC-1-800	163	136	106
	2∶1	LAC-2-800	221	165	136
	3∶1	LAC-3-800	196	147	106
	4∶1	LAC-4-800	169	123	9

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磷酸法木质素基活性炭的制备及其电化学性能研究

Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Lignin-based Activated Carbon by Phosphoric Acid Activation

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