生物质气化技术的发展现状及展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2022.05.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为促进生物质气化技术的发展及气化产物的利用，重点介绍了国内外生物质气化技术的发展及产业现状、气化炉类型及发展现状，提出了生物质气化技术的优缺点；同时，也发现虽然我国生物质资源丰富且生物质具有可再生性、污染较小、蕴藏量大、分布广泛、零碳排放等优异的特点，但由于其收-储-运体系不完善、资金链短缺及副产物较多等一系列问题导致其国际化困难。展望了我国生物质气化技术不仅要走扎实的基础研究和开发路径，也要考虑生物质气化技术的总体需求以及与其他技术的竞争等方面作为未来发展方向及重要攻关点，期望能为生物质气化技术的进一步发展及气化产物的高值化利用奠定坚实的基础。

关键词: 生物质, 气化技术, 气化炉, 发展现状, 展望

Abstract:

In order to promote the development of biomass gasification technology and the utilization of gasification products, the development and industrial status of biomass gasification technology, gasifier type and its development status at home and abroad were mainly introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of biomass gasification technology were analyzed. At the same time, it is also found that China's biomass resources had great potential and biomass energy had the excellent characteristics of renewability, such as renewable, less pollution, large reserves, wide distribution, zero carbon emissions and so on. However, it was difficult to internationalize because of a series of problems such as imperfect of collection-storage-transportation system, shortage of capital chain and more by-products. It was further prospected that biomass gasification in China should not only take a basic research, but also consider the overall demand of biomass gasification technology and the competition with other technologies as the future development direction and important key point. This paper was expected to lay a solid foundation for the further development of biomass gasification technology and the high-value utilization of gasification products.

Key words: biomass, gasification technology, gasifier, development status, prospect

中图分类号:

TQ35

李学琴, 刘鹏, 吴幼青, 雷廷宙, 吴诗勇, 黄胜. 生物质气化技术的发展现状及展望[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2022, 42(5): 113-121.

Xueqin LI, Peng LIU, Youqing WU, Tingzhou LEI, Shiyong WU, Sheng HUANG. Development Status and Prospect of Biomass Gasification Technology[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2022, 42(5): 113-121.

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气化剂 gasification agents	H₂	O₂	N₂	CO	CO₂	CH₄	C₂H₂	C₂H₄	C₂H₆	H₂/CO
空气air	10.0	0.5	41.2	23.0	18.1	5.2	0.4	1.8	0.1	0.44
富氧oxygen-rich	9.5	0.5	7.3	46.8	23.4	9.7	0.8	2.0	0.4	0.20
空气-水蒸气air-steam	18.2	0.5	33.7	21.1	19.5	5.3	0.2	2.3	0.4	0.85
氧气-水蒸气oxygen- steam	32.1	0.3	0.3	28.2	30.4	7.5	0.2	2.1	0.2	1.14
水蒸气steam	50.8	0.3	0.3	20.3	19.6	7.1	0.3	1.8	0.2	2.50

国家counrty	类型type	原料raw material	规模scale
美国America	下吸式downdraft	树木trees	1 MW
		木屑wood chips，玉米棒corn cob	40 kW
丹麦Denmark	上吸式upper suction	皮革leather	2-15 MW
		稻草straw, 木屑wood chips, 树皮bark	1-15 MW
	下吸式downdraft	木屑残渣wood chips residue	0.5 MW
新西兰New Zealand	下吸式downdraft	木块wooden block, 木片piece, 柳条wicker	30 kW
法国France	下吸式downdraft	农业残渣agricultural residue	100-600 MW
英国Britain	下吸式downdraft	榛子壳haznut shell	30 kW
英国Britain	下吸式downdraft	农业废物agricultural wastes	300 kW
印度India	下吸式downdraft	稻壳rice husk	100 kg/h25-100 kW
印度India	下吸式downdraft	丹茶dan tea, 玉米棒corn cob, 木材wood	128 kW
比利时Belgium	小型small scale	木屑wood chips	160 kW
南非South Africa	下吸式downdraft	木块碎片wood block fragments, 煤coal	30-500 kW
芬兰Finland	上吸式upper suction	木片wood chips, 稻草straw, 泥炭peat	4-5MW
荷兰Holland	下吸式downdraft	稻壳rice husk	150 kW
中国China		木屑wood chips	200 kW
	下吸式downdraft	农作物残渣crop residue	300 kW
		稻壳rice shell	200 kW
	流化床fluidized bed	农林废弃物all kinds of agricultural and forestry wastes	1 000 kW
	循环流化床circulating fluidized bed	农林废弃物all kinds of agricultural and forestry	200-1 200 kW
		秸秆straw, 木屑wood chips, 花生壳peanut shell	5.5 MW

年份 year	水稻 rice	小麦 wheat	玉米 corn	豆类 beans	薯类 potatoes	花生 peanuts	油菜 rape	棉花 cotton	麻类 hemp	糖料 sugar	烟叶 tobacco leaves
2010	157.7	1323.5	1396.7	64.0	51.8	264.7	93.1	64.8	1.6	1.7	0.8
2011	158.8	1341.0	1449.4	65.3	52.8	266.0	81.0	55.4	1.8	1.7	0.8
2012	158.2	1384.0	1718.4	54.2	37.3	280.8	60.6	24.6	1.6	1.4	0.8
2013	155.0	1402.6	1808.2	59.3	34.5	290.4	58.0	16.9	1.6	1.4	0.9
2014	167.5	1453.6	1784.6	35.3	34.1	288.5	52.0	12.2	1.2	1.3	0.8
2015	167.3	1514.5	1955.1	33.5	34.0	295.3	48.4	9.8	1.2	1.1	0.8
2016	170.1	1553.8	1893.5	33.6	33.6	305.9	42.8	7.1	1.2	1.1	0.7
2017	162.4	1591.0	1854.0	36.6	33.4	327.9	44.1	6.4	1.0	1.0	0.7
2018	167.8	1547.1	2008.9	69.8	24.2	354.3	40.8	5.5	0.9	1.0	0.7

标准类型 standard type	固体生物质 solid biomass	生物天然气 biogas	燃料乙醇/生物柴油 fuel ethanol/biodiesel	农林生物质综合利用 comprehensive utilization of agricultural and forestry biomass	生物质供热发电 biomass heating and power generation	生物质气化 biomass gasification
国内domestic	30	18	8	14	0	0
行业industry	86	76	20	7	15	4

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