麻栎多糖的提取、纯化及其性质分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2019.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了开发利用麻栎多糖资源，探讨了热水浸提法提取麻栎多糖的工艺参数并对其纯多糖进行了初步分析。以麻栎多糖的得率为指标，通过单因素试验对提取时间、温度、液料比和提取次数进行考察，进一步通过响应面分析法进行优化，得到提取多糖的最佳条件为：提取时间3 h，提取温度90 ℃，液料比25:1(mL:g)，提取次数2次，在此条件下多糖得率为2.65%。麻栎粗多糖经DEAE- 52离子交换柱和Sephadex G-200凝胶柱两步分离纯化后，得到2种纯多糖OP-1和OP-2。紫外和红外光谱分析结果表明：OP-1和OP-2的纯度较高，具有多糖的特征吸收峰；经柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定结果表明：OP-1是由木糖和葡萄糖组成的中性杂多糖，其物质的量之比为0.86:0.7；OP-2是由核糖、葡萄糖醛酸和阿拉伯糖组成的酸性杂多糖，其物质的量之比为0.42:0.21:0.56；采用高效凝胶渗透色谱(HPGPC-ELSD)法测得OP-1的重均分子质量为444.8 ku，OP-2的重均分子质量为121.2 ku。

关键词: 麻栎, 多糖, 提取工艺, 响应面法, 结构分析

Abstract:

In order to develop and utilize the polysaccharide from Quercus acutissima, the process parameters of hot water extraction of polysaccharides were studied and the purified polysaccharide was preliminarily analyzed. The extraction conditions including extraction time, temperature, the liquid to solid ratio and times of extraction were investigated by single factor experiment and response surface method with the yield of polysaccharides as index. The optimal extraction conditions were the extraction time 3h, the extraction temperature 90 ℃, the liquid to solid ratio 25:1 (mL:g), and the times of extraction 2. Under these conditions, polysaccharide yield was 2.65%. By using DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, two purified polysaccharides (OP-1, OP-2) were obtained. The results of ultraviolet and FT-IR spactra, showed that the purified OP-1 and OP-2 from Q. acutissima had high purity and the typical groups of polysaccharide. The composition analysis by HPLC with pre-column derivatization indicated that the OP-1, a neutral heteropolysaccharide, was mainly composed of xylose and glucose with the molar ratio of 0.86:0.7; the OP-2, an acidic heteropolysaccharide, was mainly composed of ribose, glucuronic acid, and arabinose with the molar ratio of 0.42:0.21:0.56. The results of high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC-ELSD) indicated that the weight average molecular weights (M_w) of OP-1 and OP-2 were about 444.8 and 121.2 ku.

Key words: Quercus acutissima, polysaccharides, extraction technology, response surface analysis, structure characteristics

中图分类号:

TQ35
TS218

张黎明,李荣雪,何希宏,郝利民,何志娜,戴玉杰. 麻栎多糖的提取、纯化及其性质分析[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2019, 39(2): 59-66.

Liming ZHANG,Rongxue LI,Xihong HE,Limin HAO,Zhina HE,Yujie DAI. Extraction, Purification and Property Analysis of Polysaccharides from Quercus acutissima[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2019, 39(2): 59-66.

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方差来源 source	平方和 sum of squares	自由度 df	均方 mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value	显著性¹⁾ significance
模型< model	3.17	9	0.35	51.97	< 0.0001	***
X₁	1.45	1	1.45	213.19	< 0.0001	***
X₂	0.014	1	0.014	2.01	0.0433	*
X₃	0.028	1	0.028	4.07	0.0035	**
X₁X₂	4.900×10^-3	1	4.900×10^-3	0.72	0.4233
X₁X₃	1.000×10^-3	1	1.000×10^-4	0.015	0.9067
X₂X₃	2.025×10^-3	1	2.025×10^-3	0.30	0.6016
X₁²	1.30	1	1.30	191.87	< 0.0001	***
X₂²	0.14	1	0.14	20.86	0.0026	**
X₃²	0.12	1	0.12	17.59	0.0041	**
残差 residual	0.047	7	6.778×10^-3
失拟项 lack of fit	0.020	3	6.708×10^-3	0.98	0.4851
纯误差 pure error	0.027	4	6.830×10^-3
总和 sum	3.22	16

样品 samples	物质的量之比 molar ratios					M_w/ku
样品 samples	核糖 ribose	葡萄糖醛酸 glucuronic acid	葡萄糖 glucose	木糖 xylose	阿拉伯糖 arabinose	M_w/ku
OP-1	0.00	0.00	0.70	0.86	0.00	444.8
OP-2	0.42	0.21	0.00	0.00	0.56	121.2

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