生物基水凝胶制备与应用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2022.05.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

首先介绍了生物基水凝胶材料的研究背景和应用现状，并根据交联机制的不同，对物理水凝胶和化学水凝胶进行了分类和阐述，接着以生物质原料作为划分依据，分别对纤维素、壳聚糖、蛋白质等生物基材料制备的水凝胶作了归纳性介绍，包括纤维素的溶剂体系、纤维素基水凝胶的制备及纤维素衍生化改性方法；壳聚糖基水凝胶的原料来源和改性方法, 以及通过其分子链上的胺基形成的静电相互作用和亚胺键等交联机制；蛋白质基水凝胶中多肽分子链β-折叠自组装的交联方式及其良好的生物相容性和生物活性等特点；淀粉、海藻酸钠、卡拉胶等亲水性天然高分子以物理或化学交联方式制备的生物基水凝胶。同时，对功能化生物基水凝胶在生物医学领域的应用进行了详细阐述，包括药物缓释和靶向传输、细胞培养基、组织修复支架、伤口敷料等。此外，还总结了生物基水凝胶作为吸附材料在环境领域的应用和研究，并对其在包装材料，驱动传感、光电催化等领域的应用进行了阐述。最后，归纳了生物基水凝胶面临的发展机遇和挑战，并对未来研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 生物质, 水凝胶, 纤维素, 壳聚糖, 蛋白质

Abstract:

Firstly, this review introduced the research background and application status of bio-based hydrogels. According to the different crosslinking mechanisms, physical and chemical hydrogels were classified and described. Then, the hydrogels prepared from cellulose, chitosan, protein and other bio-based materials were summarized based on the classification of the used biomass, including the solvents system of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-based hydrogels and modification of cellulose derivatization. Also, the feedstock sources and modification methods of chitosan-based hydrogels, as well as cross-linking mechanisms such as electrostatic interaction and imine bond formed by amine groups on their molecular chains were assembled. Protein-based hydrogels with good biocompatibility and bioactivity, formed by β-folded self-assembly of polypeptide chains were depicted as well in this review. Similarly, bio-based hydrogels prepared by using physical or chemical crosslinking of hydrophilic natural polymers such as starch, sodium alginate and carrageenan, were introduced respectively. At the same time, the main applications of functionalized bio-based hydrogels in the biomedical fields were described in detail, including drug sustained release, targeted delivery, cell media, tissue repair scaffolds, wound dressings, etc. In addition, the application and research progress of bio-based hydrogels as adsorbent materials in environmental field were reviewed, and their applications in packaging, sensing, photoelectric catalysis and other fields were also highlighted. Finally, the development opportunities and challenges of bio-based hydrogels were summarized, and the future research directions were prospected.

Key words: biomass, hydrogels, cellulose, chitosan, protein

中图分类号:

TQ35

王硕, 王永贵, 肖泽芳, 谢延军. 生物基水凝胶制备与应用研究进展[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2022, 42(5): 122-136.

Shuo WANG, Yonggui WANG, Zefang XIAO, Yanjun XIE. Recent Progress in Preparation and Application of Bio-based Hydrogels[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2022, 42(5): 122-136.

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纤维素原料¹⁾ cellulose feedstock	交联剂或单体 cross-linker or monomer	性能特点及应用 performance characteristics and applications	参考文献 reference
MCC、木浆 MCC, wood pulp	1, 2, 3, 4-丁烷四羧酸二酐 1, 2, 3, 4-butane tetracarboxylic dianhydride	超高吸水性能 ultra high water absorption	[23-25]
醋酸纤维素 cellulose acetate	乙二胺四乙酸二酐 ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid dianhydride	合成方法简便，可作为保湿、缓释材料 its synthesis method is simple and it can be used as a moisturizing and slow-releasing material	[26-27]
CMC钠盐、CMC、羟乙基纤维素 CMC sodium salt, CMC, hydroxyethyl cellulose	富马酸 fumaric acid	具有pH、离子浓度响应性能，可用于刺激响应型药物缓释材料 with pH and ion concentration response properties, it can be used as stimulus-responsive drug sustained-release materials	[28-30]
棉花、MCC cotton, MCC	琥珀酸酐 succinic anhydride	超高吸水性能 ultra high water absorption	[31]
羟乙基纤维素、CMC钠盐、CMC、羟丙基甲基纤维素 hydroxyethyl cellulose, CMC sodium salt, CMC, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose	柠檬酸 citric acid	药物缓释、伤口敷料 drug release, wound dressings	[32-35]

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