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林产化学与工业 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 108-114.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2019.01.016

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

无患子总皂苷减压提取工艺优化及其除草活性研究

马晓江,王进*(),汤锋,高全,刘伟,宋丽   

  1. 国际竹藤中心,国家林业局竹藤科学与技术重点实验室,北京 100102
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-26 出版日期:2019-02-25 发布日期:2019-03-14
  • 通讯作者: 王进 E-mail:wangjin@icbr.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:马晓江(1992—),男,河北张家口人,硕士生,主要从事林源生物农药活性成分提取和制剂研究
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0600801)

Optimization of Vacuum Extraction of Total Saponins from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn and Its Herbicidal Activity

Xiaojiang MA,Jin WANG*(),Feng TANG,Quan GAO,Wei LIU,Li SONG   

  1. SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and TechnologyInternational Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
  • Received:2018-10-26 Online:2019-02-25 Published:2019-03-14
  • Contact: Jin WANG E-mail:wangjin@icbr.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0600801)

摘要:

以水为提取溶剂,采用减压提取法从无患子果实中提取总皂苷,通过分光光度法与超高效液相色谱法测定无患子总皂苷含量,在单因素试验基础上进行正交试验优化提取工艺,无患子总皂苷提取的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度60 ℃、提取时间1 h和料液比1:14(g:mL)。该条件下分光光度法测定无患子总皂苷的得率为15.34%。采用水琼脂培养基法测定无患子提取物的除草活性,结果表明:无患子提取物能有效抑制靶标植物红三叶的根系生长,且对红三叶根系的抑制率与无患子总皂苷含量呈正相关,当无患子总皂苷为15.34%时,其除草半数有效质量浓度(EC50)为0.116 g/L。经薄层色谱化学显色定性分析,初步判断除草活性成分为三萜皂苷类化合物。

关键词: 无患子总皂苷, 减压提取, 正交优化, 除草活性

Abstract:

Vacuum extraction method was selected to improve the extraction efficiency of total saponins from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn with water as extraction solvent. The contents of total saponins were determined by spectrophotometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC). Based on single factor experiments, orthogonal design was used to optimize the process parameters. The optimized extraction process was extraction temperature 60 ℃, extraction time 1 h and the solid-to-liquid ratio 1:14(g:mL). Under these conditions, the extraction rate of total saponins in S. mukorossi fruits was 15.34% by using spectrophotometry. The herbicidal activity of the extract was evaluated by water agar medium method. The fruit extract exhibited obvious root-growth inhibition activity against Trifolium pratense L. with EC50 value of 0.116 g/L. The herbicidal active compounds were tentative identified as triterpenoid saponins by thin-layer chromatography(TLC).

Key words: total saponins of S. mukorossi, vacuum extraction, orthogonal optimization, herbicidal activity

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