干燥方法对互叶白千层理化特性及精油品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2019.04.011

林产化学与工业 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 77-82.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2019.04.011

干燥方法对互叶白千层理化特性及精油品质的影响

刘义军^1,²,袁源^1,²,刘洋洋^1,²,张帆^1,²,李积华^1,^2,*()

1. 中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所, 农业农村部热带作物产品加工重点实验室, 广东湛江 524001
2. 海南省果蔬贮藏与加工重点实验室, 广东湛江 524001

收稿日期:2019-02-13 出版日期:2019-08-25 发布日期:2019-08-23
通讯作者: 李积华 E-mail:foodpaper@126.com
作者简介:刘义军(1987-),男,湖南益阳人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事热带农产品加工工艺与装备研制工作
基金资助:
中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630122017017);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630122017014);广东特色农产品深加工关键技术产业化研究与推广

Effects of Different Drying Methods on Physicochemical Properties and Essential Oil Quality of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel

Yijun LIU^1,²,Yuan YUAN^1,²,Yangyang LIU^1,²,Fan ZHANG^1,²,Jihua LI^1,^2,*()

1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, China
2. Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage & Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Zhanjiang 524001, China

Received:2019-02-13 Online:2019-08-25 Published:2019-08-23
Contact: Jihua LI E-mail:foodpaper@126.com
Supported by:
中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630122017017);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630122017014);广东特色农产品深加工关键技术产业化研究与推广

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了4种不同干燥方法（太阳晒干、热风干燥、真空干燥和冷冻干燥）对互叶白千层理化特性及精油品质的影响，结果表明：经热风干燥互叶白千层中总黄酮含量最高，为（2.68±0.27）%；经冷冻干燥互叶白千层DPPH·清除率、·ABTS⁺清除率最低，分别为（53.74±4.58）%、（71.63±2.95）%；经4种方法干燥后，精油提取得率下降，冷冻干燥所得互叶白千层精油提取得率最高（5.99±0.60）%，精油中松油烯-4-醇大于30%，1，8-桉叶素小于5%，符合ISO4790-2004及GB/T 26514-2011中的规定标准；且经太阳晒干与热风干燥后所得精油中松油烯-4-醇含量的差异显著，太阳晒干所得精油中松油烯-4-醇最高为（50.14±1.48）%，冷冻干燥所得精油中1，8-桉叶素最低，为（1.19±0.09）%。

关键词: 互叶白千层, 精油, 热风干燥, 冷冻干燥, 理化性质

Abstract:

The effects of four drying methods, sun drying, hot air drying, vacuum drying and vacuum freeze drying on physicochemical properties and essential oil quality of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel were studied. The results showed that the contents of flavonoids was the highest in M. alternifolia after hot air drying and the contents were(2.68±0.27)%; the DPPH·and ABTS⁺ scavenging activities of the M. alternifolia after freeze-drying were the lowest and the scavenging rates were (53.74±4.58)% and (71.63±2.95)%, respectively. After drying by four methods, the extraction rates of essential oil decreased. The oil extraction rate was the highest after the freeze drying. The contents of terpinen-4-ol and 1, 8-cineole in the essential oil obtained were higher than 30% and less than 5%, respectively after drying process. The difference of the contents of terpineol-4-ol in the essential oil obtained after sun drying and hot air drying was significant, and the content obtained after the sun drying was the highest. The content of 1, 8-cineole in the essential oil obtained after vacuum freeze drying was the lowest.

Key words: Melaleuca alternifolia, essential oil, hot air drying, vacuum freeze drying, physicochemical properties

中图分类号:

TQ35
Q946.85

刘义军,袁源,刘洋洋,张帆,李积华. 干燥方法对互叶白千层理化特性及精油品质的影响[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2019, 39(4): 77-82.

Yijun LIU,Yuan YUAN,Yangyang LIU,Fan ZHANG,Jihua LI. Effects of Different Drying Methods on Physicochemical Properties and Essential Oil Quality of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2019, 39(4): 77-82.

图/表 3

表1

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表3

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干燥方法 drying methods	水分/% moisture content	颜色值color value¹			总黄酮/%(干基) flavonoids content
干燥方法 drying methods	水分/% moisture content	L^*	a^*	b^*	总黄酮/%(干基) flavonoids content
新鲜物料fresh materials	56.49±0.13	41.61±5.01^cd	-2.46±0.55^a	6.39±0.95^c	2.51±0.33^a
太阳晒干sun drying	34.54±0.24	49.04±2.59^bca	-2.16±0.79^ab	6.73±1.08^c	1.38±0.04^c
热风干燥hot air drying	11.06±0.18	50.56±4.06^bad	-2.61±1.31^a	8.90±1.29^b	2.68±0.27^a
真空干燥vacuum drying	20.00±0.36	44.90±4.07^cd	-1.96±0.94^ab	12.48±1.11^a	2.06±0.20^b
冷冻干燥freeze drying	39.24±0.03	53.53±0.45^a	-0.63±0.95^b	10.31±0.48 ^b	1.60±0.0.19^c

干燥方法 drying methods	DPPH·清除率/% DPPH·scavenging rate	·ABTS⁺清除率/% ·ABTS⁺ scavenging rate
新鲜物料fresh materials	80.70±2.01^a	88.74±0.47^a
太阳晒干sun drying	61.30±4.62^bc	76.94±3.69^c
热风干燥hot air drying	64.92±5.14^bd	79.15±0.64^bc
真空干燥vacuum drying	76.76±5.24^ad	82.30±0.64^b
冷冻干燥freeze drying	53.74±4.58^cd	71.63±2.95^d

%
组分 component	新鲜物料 fresh materials	太阳晒干 sun drying	热风干燥 hot drying	真空干燥 vacuum drying	冷冻干燥 freeze drying
α-蒎烯α-pinene	1.32±0.14^a	1.95±0.16^a	1.11±0.23^a	1.18±0.07^a	1.29±0.12^a
桧烯/桧萜sabinene	0.30±0.24^abc	0.11±0.02^b	0.10±0.07^c	0.28±0.21^ac	0.06±0.04^ac
α-松油烯α-terpinene	7.27±0.69^a	8.93±0.06^a	7.61±0.80^a	6.97±0.33^a	7.37±0.41^a
苧烯/柠檬烯limonene	1.17±0.11^a	1.43±0.11^a	1.20±0.24^a	1.16±0.07^a	1.22±0.05^a
对伞花烃ρ-cymene	3.05±0.41^a	2.33±0.79^ac	2.33±0.58^c	2.41±0.31^a	2.46±0.27^a
1, 8-桉叶素1, 8-cineole	1.43±0.20^a	1.21±0.06^ab	1.50±0.14^a	1.35±0.12^ab	1.19±0.09^b
γ-松油烯γ-terpinene	17.49±1.32^a	17.78±0.04^a	17.44±1.83^a	16.54±0.57^a	16.75±0.41^a
异松油烯terpinolene	2.86±0.17^a	3.30±0.02^a	3.00±0.35^a	2.70±0.10^a	2.74±0.07^a
松油烯-4-醇terpinen-4-ol	45.68±2.70^ab	50.14±1.48^a	44.03±3.32^b	48.23±1.87^ab	45.71±0.31^ab
α-松油醇α-terpineol	7.10±1.10^a	4.24±0.15^a	7.11±0.92^a	7.40±1.16^a	6.49±0.24^a
香树烯aromadendrene	0.48±0.08^a	0.53±0.17^a	0.43±0.04^a	0.45±0.07^a	0.34±0.14^a
绿花白千层烯ledene	0.54±0.04^a	0.34±0.37^a	0.63±0.54^a	0.57±0.06^a	0.65±0.42^a
δ-杜松烯δ-cadinene	0.06±0.05^a	0.08±0.04^ab	0.10±0.04^ab	0.07±0.02^ab	0.12±0.04^b
蓝桉醇globulol	0.31±0.10^a	0.30±0.14^a	0.19±0.08^a	0.23±0.10^a	0.25±0.07^a
绿花白千层醇viridiflorol	1.46±0.54^a	0.10±0.05^b	1.44±0.77^a	1.36±0.09^a	1.50±0.24^a
合计total	90.52±7.90	91.00±5.71	88.22±9.95	90.90±5.14	88.15±2.92

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干燥方法对互叶白千层理化特性及精油品质的影响

Effects of Different Drying Methods on Physicochemical Properties and Essential Oil Quality of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel

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