不同生长期龙爪槐半乳甘露聚糖的比较研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2021.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过机械法得到未提纯的半乳甘露聚糖，并比较了不同生长期龙爪槐半乳甘露聚糖理化性质，包括豆荚长、宽、种子湿质量、各部分质量分数（以干质量计），半乳甘露聚糖流变特性及水溶性物质和水不溶物含量。研究结果表明：随着龙爪槐果实的不断生长和成熟，胚乳内半乳甘露聚糖积累，半乳甘露聚糖的黏度和水不溶物逐渐增加，而水溶性物质逐渐减少。半乳甘露聚糖胶液为假塑性流体，随着剪切率的升高，剪切应力逐渐升高，表观黏度逐渐降低。开花后第23周采摘的龙爪槐果实提取得到的半乳甘露聚糖胶液，在质量分数为0.5%时，当剪切速率由0 s^-1增加至85 s^-1时，半乳甘露聚糖的黏度从0.113 9 Pa·s降低至0.042 Pa·s；水溶性物质和水不溶物的质量分数分别为23.54%和75.87%。随着半乳甘露聚糖胶液浓度的升高，在一定剪切速率下半乳甘露聚糖胶液的表观黏度升高；而随着测试温度逐渐升高，半乳甘露聚糖胶液的表观黏度逐渐降低，工业生产中应通过比较不同生长期、不同理化性质的半乳甘露糖选择合适的应用条件。

关键词: 龙爪槐, 半乳甘露聚糖, 流变特性, 水溶性物质, 水不溶物含量

Abstract:

The unpurified galactomannan was obtained by mechanical method. And the physical and chemical properties of galactomannan in different growth stages of Sophora japonica were studied, including the physical parameters (length, width, seed wet weight, dry weight ratio of each part), rheological properties, and contents of water-soluble and water-insoluble substances in pods. The results showed that with the continuous growth and maturity of the fruit, galactomannan accumulated in endosperm, the viscosity and water-insoluble substance of galactomannan increased gradually, while the water-soluble substance decreased gradually. With the increase of shear rate, the shear stress increased, and the apparent viscosity decreased. When the mass fraction of galactomannan gum was 0.5%, as the shear rate increased from 0 s^-1 to 85 s^-1, the viscosity of galactomannan decreased from 0.113 9 Pa·s to 0.042 Pa·s; the mass fractions of water-soluble and water-insoluble substances were 23.54% and 75.87%, respectively. With the increase of galactomannan colloid concentration, the apparent viscosity of galactomannan colloid solution increased at a certain shear rate; while with the increase of test temperature, the apparent viscosity of galactomannan colloid solution decreased gradually. In industrial production, the appropriate application conditions should be selected by comparing galactomannan with different growth periods and different physical and chemical properties.

Key words: Sophora japonica var. pendula, galactomannan, rheology, water-soluble substance, insoluble substance

中图分类号:

TQ35

范希平, 徐伟, 裴滢莹, 朱莉伟, 蒋建新. 不同生长期龙爪槐半乳甘露聚糖的比较研究[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2021, 41(3): 40-46.

Xiping FAN, Wei XU, Yingying PEI, Liwei ZHU, Jianxin JIANG. Comparative Study on Galactomannan of Sophora japonica var. pendula at Different Growth Stages[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2021, 41(3): 40-46.

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采摘时间/周 picking time/week	长度/cm length	宽度/cm width	含水率/% moisture content	种子湿质量/g wet weight of seed	种子内三部分质量分数¹⁾mass fraction of three parts of seed/%
采摘时间/周 picking time/week	长度/cm length	宽度/cm width	含水率/% moisture content	种子湿质量/g wet weight of seed	子叶 cotyledons	胚乳 endosperm	种皮 seed coat
15	15.3	1.10	56.37	0.5467	46.09	31.12	22.79
17	16.0	1.18	54.89	0.4704	44.70	32.76	22.54
19	15.3	1.21	48.53	0.4445	46.11	32.16	21.73
21	15.2	1.07	45.17	0.3843	46.20	32.27	21.53
23	12.3	0.92	28.69	0.2400	48.34	29.37	22.29

采摘时间/周 picking time/week	甘露聚糖/% mannan	半乳聚糖/% galactan	半乳甘露聚糖/% galactomannan	M/G值 M/G value
15	64.24±0.05	13.50±0.30	77.74±0.15	4.76
17	65.17±0.07	12.28±0.02	77.45±0.49	5.31
19	66.28±0.08	11.85±0.08	78.13±0.27	5.59
21	66.79±0.30	11.84±0.02	78.63±0.33	5.64
23	67.82±0.19	11.23±0.01	79.05±0.18	6.04

采摘时间/周 picking time/week	稠度指数(k)/(Pa·sⁿ) consistency index	流动指数(n) flow index	吻合度/% coincidence degree
15	0.171±0.002	0.87±0.01	93.4±0.10
17	0.198±0.008	0.81±0.05	95.4±0.12
19	0.467±0.005	0.76±0.06	91.7±0.09
21	0.542±0.007	0.72±0.01	92.9±0.08
23	0.584±0.006	0.71±0.01	92.5±0.21

采摘时间/周 picking time/week	水溶性物质/% water-soluble	水不溶物/% water insoluble	总质量分数/% total mass fraction
15	35.78±0.20	62.48±0.04	98.26±0.31
17	33.50±0.43	65.71±0.16	99.21±0.84
19	29.85±0.04	68.69±1.19	98.54±1.12
21	26.22±0.68	72.69±0.06	98.91±0.37
23	23.54±0.19	75.87±0.31	99.41±0.96

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