无患子皂苷及常春藤皂苷元生物活性的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2021.05.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

无患子（Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.）是一种不可多得且具有广泛利用价值的自然资源。本文对无患子的主要有效成分，即无患子皂苷及常春藤皂苷元的分子结构进行了简单介绍，详细分析了无患子皂苷和常春藤皂苷元在抗氧化、抗炎、抗抑郁、抗肿瘤、降血脂、降血糖、抑菌、抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶和改善肉畜肉质等方面的生物活性，同时比较了二者在生物活性方面的异同，并推测其产生的原因，以期为无患子的合理利用提供依据。

关键词: 无患子皂苷, 常春藤皂苷元, 功能结构, 生物活性

Abstract:

China soapberry(Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.) is a rare and widely used natural resource. The molecular structures of sapindus saponin and hederagenin, which are the active ingredients in China soapberry, are briefly introduced. The biological activities of them in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antitumor, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity and improving meat quality are analyzed in detail. At the same time, the similarities and differences of biological activities between them are compared. Then the causes, so as to provide the basis for the rational use of China soapberry are speculated.

Key words: sapindus saponin, hederagenin, functional structure, biological activities

中图分类号:

TQ35
R284.2

殷杰, 魏敏平, 姚卫蓉. 无患子皂苷及常春藤皂苷元生物活性的研究进展[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2021, 41(5): 126-134.

Jie YIN, Minping WEI, Weirong YAO. Research Progress on Biological Activities of Sapindus Saponin and Hederagenin[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2021, 41(5): 126-134.

图/表 5

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样品 sample	剂量/(g·kg^-1) dose	超氧化物歧化酶/(U·mL^-1) superoxide dismutase enzyme activity	丙二醛/(μmol·L^-1) malondialdehyde concentration	超氧化物歧化酶变化率/% superoxide dismutase change rate	丙二醛变化率/% malondialdehyde change rate
对照组 control group	—	144.30±9.53	5.53±0.97	—	—
皂苷1组 saponin group 1	0.486	160.06±9.41	3.89±1.10	10.92	29.66
皂苷2组 saponin group 2	0.162	154.85±9.59	4.25±1.07	7.31	23.15
皂苷3组 saponin group 3	0.054	147.86±12.58	4.35±0.84	2.46	20.80

样品 sample	剂量/(g·kg^-1) dose	超氧化物歧化酶/(U·mL^-1) superoxide dismutase enzyme activity	丙二醛/(μmol·L^-1) malondialdehyde concentration	超氧化物歧化酶变化率/% superoxide dismutase change rate	丙二醛变化率/% malondialdehyde change rate
对照组 control group	—	195.85±26.63	5.72±0.54	—	—
皂苷元1组 hederagenin group 1	0.01	234.32±28.85	3.96±0.48	19.64	30.77
皂苷元2组 hederagenin group 2	0.01	254.70±30.72	3.87±0.38	30.04	32.34
皂苷元3组 hederagenin group 3	0.01	260.89±31.04	3.56±0.36	33.21	37.76

样品 sample	三酰甘油/(nmol·L^-1) triacylglycerol content	三酰甘油清除率/% triacylglycerol clearance	三酰甘油超出率/% triacylglycerol excess rate
皂苷元空白组 hederagenin blank group	0.846±0.0173	—	—
皂苷空白组 saponin blank group	0.31±0.11	—	—
皂苷元模型组 hederagenin model group	3.9889±0.0229	—	—
皂苷模型组 saponin model group	1.64±0.44	—	—
皂苷元投喂组 hederagenin group	2.9272±0.008	26.62	246
皂苷投喂组 saponin group	0.46±0.06	71.95	48.39

组别 group	最大变化率/% maximum rate of change
SRBC抗体滴度 SRBC anti-body titre	+54.54
胆固醇 cholesterol	-17.15
葡萄糖 glucose	-15.65
腹部脂肪 abdominal fat	-41.05
血清睾丸激素 serum testosterone	+55.37
精浆睾丸激素 seminal plasma testosterone	+17.02
精子总数 total sperm count	+15.00
运动比 mass motility	+5.89
活精子比 live spermatozoa count	+5.79

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