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Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 60-66.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.009

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Upgrading of Light Fraction in Bio-oil by Catalytic Esterification and Water Removal

LU Jun-xiang, GUO Shu-jun, CHANG Jie, FU Yan   

  1. Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer Enhancement and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
  • Received:2015-09-18 Online:2016-06-25 Published:2016-07-07

Abstract: Stable oxygenated liquid fuel and sugars derivatives were obtained by esterification and water removal of crude bio-oil over Amberlyst-36 ion-exchange resin. The effects of reaction time, catalyst dosage and alcohol-oil ratio were investigated. The results showed that the optimum upgrading conditions were alcohol-oil ratio 1.5:1.0, 15% catalyst dosage and 4 h. Under these operation factors, the acid number of upgraded bio-oil reduced from 72.23 mg/g to 3.98 mg/g, water content decreased from 53.06% to 3.34%, heating value increased from 8.75 MJ/kg to 31.50 MJ/kg. The GC-MS analysis showed that the labile acids, aldehydes and ketones of crude bio-oil could transform to stable oxygenated compounds, and the GC content of stable compounds (esters, alcohols and ethers) reached up to 74.70%. Crude bio-oil and upgrading bio-oil were kept for 3 months to compare the changes of characteristics. The results showed that crude bio-oil was extremely unstable and viscosity increased from 3.21 mm2/s to 48.24 mm2/s. In contrast, upgrading bio-oil was relatively stable and the physicochemical properties were improved significantly. Moreover, 20.00 g upgrading bio-oil, 30.00 g distilled water and 30.00 g dichloromethane were mixed adequately for separation of sugar derivatives. It was found that sugar derivatives could almost completely separate from upgrading bio-oil. The mass of crude sugars was 1.24 g and the total GC content of sugar derivatives was 87.92%, in which β-D-glucopyranoside, butyl accounted for 75.28%.

Key words: bio-oil, esterification and water removal, upgrading, oxygenated compounds, sugars

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