棕榈壳热解失重特性及动力学研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.04.005

Abstract

Abstract: The pyrolysis characteristics, mechanism, and products properties of palm kernel shell (PKS) in a bench-scaled fixed bed reactor were investigated by using thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). TG results showed that the pyrolysis of PKS could be devided into three steps, which included drying(25-236℃, 3.42%), main weight loss(236-400℃, 52.31%), and carbonization (400-850℃, 14.90%) stage. The main mass loss stage of PKS pyrolysis was controlled by 1.5 or 2 order reaction model, and the apparent activation energies at heating rates of 10-30 K/min were 67.63-76.47 kJ/mol. The gaseous products were evolved with the sequence of CO₂, H₂O, CH₄, and CO. The quantitative results showed that liquid was the primary pyrolysis product at 600-850℃, with the mass yield of 36.8%-50.9% and energy yield of 41.3%-58.9% according to original material. Py-GC/MS results indicated that the main components of liquid products were phenol, acetic acid, octadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, etc.. It was notable that phneols had a higher relative content, accounting for about 12.56%-15.49%. Biochar was an important by-product of PKS pyrolysis, with the mass and energy yield of 20.6%-26.7% and 27.4%-35.0%, respectively. The CO₂ gasification reactivity of PKS char was lower than that of rice straw char and wood char.

Key words: palm kernel shell, pyrolysis, products characteristics, CO₂ reactivity, kinetics

CLC Number:

TQ35
TK6

CHANG Guo-zhang, HUANG Yan-qin, XIE Jian-jun, YIN Xiu-li, WU Chuang-zhi. Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell during Pyrolysis Reaction[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2016, 36(4): 31-40.

References

[1] 吴创之,刘华财,阴秀丽.生物质气化技术发展分析[J].燃料化学学报,2013,41(7):798-804. WU Chuang-zhi,LIU Hua-cai,YIN Xiu-li.Status and prospects for biomass gasification[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2013,41(7):798-804.
[2] 吴创之,周肇秋,马隆龙,等.生物质气化发电项目经济性分析[J].太阳能学报,2009,30(3):368-373. WU Chuang-zhi,ZHOU Zhao-qiu,MA Long-long,et al.Economic analysis of biomass gasification and power generation projects[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2009,30(3):368-373.
[3] YANG Hai-ping,YAN Rong,CHEN Han-ping,et al.Pyrolysis of palm oil wastes for enhanced production of hydrogen rich gases[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2006,87(10):935-942.
[4] CHAIVATAMASET P,SRICHAROON P,TIA S.Bed agglomeration characteristics of palm shell and corncob combustion in fluidized bed[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2011,31(14):2916-2927.
[5] SAIKAEW T,SUPUDOMMAK P,MEKASUT L,et al.Emission of NO_X and N₂O from co-combustion of coal and biomasses in CFB combustor[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2012,10:1026-1032.
[6] RAHMAN M M,YUSOF A M.Preparation and modification of activated carbon from oil-palm shell and its adsorption capacity through speciation of chromium[J].Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment,2011,15(4):49-51.
[7] ABNISA F,ARAMI-NIYA A,DAUD W M A W,et al. Characterization of bio-oil and bio-char from pyrolysis of palm oil wastes[J].Bioenergy Research,2013,6(2):830-840.
[8] SABIL K M,AZIZ M A,LAL B,et al.Effects of torrefaction on the physiochemical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches, mesocarp fiber and kernel shell[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2013,56:351-360.
[9] 赵士明,陆青山,储秋露,等. 绿液预处理麦秆纤维素酶水解的研究[J]. 林产化学与工业,2012,32(5):69-76. ZHAO Shi-ming,LU Qing-shan,CHU Qiu-lu,et al. Enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw pretreated by green liquor[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products,2012,32(5):69-76.
[10] SILVA-FEMANDES T, DUARTE L C,CARVALHEIRO F,et al.Biorefining strategy for maximal monosaccharide recovery from three different feedstocks: Eucalyptus residues, wheat straw and olive tree pruning[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,183:203-212.
[11] 吕当振,姚洪,王泉斌,等. 纤维素、木质素含量对生物质热解气化特性影响的实验研究[J]. 工程热物理学报,2008,29(10):1771-1774. LV Dang-zhen,YAO Hong,WANG Quan-bin,et al. Effect of cellulose and lignin content on pyrolysis and gasification characteristics for several types of biomass[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2008,29(10): 1771-1774.
[12] BAI Yong-hui,WANG Yu-long,ZHU Sheng-hua,et al.Synergistic effect between CO₂ and H₂O on reactivity during coal chars gasification[J].Fuel,2014,126:1-7.
[13] 李小民,李永平,邓权威,等. 麦秆热解机理研究[J]. 中国科学技术大学学报,2012,42(4):318-324. LI Xiao-min,LI Yong-ping,DENG Quan-wei,et al. Research on mechanisms of pyrolysis of wheat straw[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2012,42(4):318-324.
[14] 王伟,蓝煜昕,李明.TG-FTIR联用下生物质废弃物的热解特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(1):380-384. WANG Wei,LAN Yu-xin,LI Ming.Pyrolysis of pine sawdust by TG-FTIR analysis[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008,27(1):380-384.
[15] 黄艳琴. 生物质两段式气化基础及试验研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学博士学位论文,2009. HUANG Yan-qin. The fundamental and experimental research on biomass two-stage gasification[D]. Beijing:Doctoral Dissertation of University of Chinese Acedemy of Sciences,2009.
[16] LEE Y,PARK J,RYU C,et al. Comparison of biochar properties from biomass residues produced by slow pyrolysis at 500℃[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,148:196-201.
[17] ZHU H M,YAN J H,JIANG X G,et al. Study on pyrolysis of typical medical waste materials by using TG-FTIR analysis[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,153(1/2):670-676.
[18] HAN Long,WANG Qin-hui,YANG Yu-kun,et al.TG-FTIR study on pyrolysis of wheat-straw with abundant CaO additives[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2011,31(4):942-946.
[19] GAO Ning-bo,LI Ai-min,QUAN Cui,et al.TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS analysis on pyrolysis and combustion of pine sawdust[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2013,100:26-32.
[20] RICHTER H,HOWARD J B.Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their growth to soot:A review of chemical reaction pathways[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2000,26(4/5/6):565-608.
[21] 秦育红.生物质气化过程中焦油形成的热化学模型[D].太原:太原理工大学博士学位论文,2009. QIN Yu-hong.Thermochemical model of tar formation during biomass gasification[D].Taiyuan:Doctoral Dissertation of Taiyuan University of Technology, 2009.
[22] 李帅丹,陈雪莉,刘爱彬,等.固定床中纤维素热解及其焦油裂解机理研究[J].燃料化学学报,2014,42(4):414-419. LI Shuai-dan,CHEN Xue-li,LIU Ai-bin,et al.Mechanism of cellulose pyrolysis and tar decomposition in a fixed bed[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2014,42(4):414-419.
[23] 陈磊,陈汉平,陆强,等.木质素结构及热解特性[J].化工学报,2014,65(9):3626-3633. CHEN Lei,CHEN Han-ping,LU Qiang,et al.Characterization of structure and pyrolysis behavior of lignin[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(9):3626-3633.
[24] SHEN D K,GU S,BRIDGWATER A V.The thermal performance of the polysaccharides extracted from hardwood: Cellulose and hemicellulose[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2010,82(1):39-45.
[25] PARK J,LEE Y,RYU C,et al.Slow pyrolysis of rice straw: Analysis of products properties, carbon and energy yields[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,155:63-70.
[26] CHEN Deng-yu,LIU Dong,ZHANG Hong-ru,et al. Bamboo pyrolysis using TG-FTIR and a lab-scale reactor: Analysis of pyrolysis behavior, product properties, and carbon and energy yields[J].Fuel,2015,148:79-86.
[27] 张林仙,黄戒介,房倚天,等.中国无烟煤焦气化活性的研究-水蒸气与二氧化碳气化活性的比较[J].燃料化学学报,2006,34(3):265-269. ZHANG Lin-xian,HUANG Jie-jie,FANG Yi-tian,et al.Study on reactivity of Chinese anthracite chars gasification-Comparison of reactivity between steam and CO₂ gasification[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2006,34(3):265-269.
[28] 黄艳琴,阴秀丽,吴创之,等.稻秆半焦与CO₂气化反应特性的研究[J].燃料化学学报,2009,37(3):289-295. HUANG Yan-qin,YIN Xiu-li, WU Chuang-zhi,et al.Study on CO₂ gasification reactivity of rice straw chars[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2009,37(3):289-295.
[29] DONG Qing,XIONG Yuan-quan.Kinetics study on conventional and microwave pyrolysis of moso bamboo[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,171:127-131.
[30] MASCHIO G,KOUFOPANOS C,LUCCHESI A.Pyrolysis, a promising route for biomass utilization[J].Bioresource Technology,1992,42(3):219-231.
[31] 曲雯雯,夏洪应,彭金辉,等.核桃壳热解特性及动力学分析[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(2):194-198. QU Wen-wen,XIA Hong-ying,PENG Jin-hui,et al.Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic analysis of walnut shell[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(2):194-198.
[32] MISHRA G,KUMAR J,BHASKAR T.Kinetic studies on the pyrolysis of pinewood[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,182:282-288.
[33] 杨海平,陈汉平,晏蓉,等.油棕废弃物热解的TG-FTIR分析[J].燃料化学学报,2006,34(3):309-314. YANG Hai-ping,CHEN Han-ping,YAN Rong,et al. TG-FTIR analysis of palm oil wastes pyrolysis[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2006,34(3):309-314.

Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell during Pyrolysis Reaction

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	WU Shaoji, JIANG Kun, YE Yueyuan, LIU Yunquan, WANG Duo, LI Shuirong. Preparation of Activated Carbon from Co-pyrolysis Char of Sewage Sludge and Poplar Sawdust and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2019, 39(4): 56-64.
[2]	LIU Shiqi, ZHANG Suping, YU Taili, CAI Qinjie. Synergistic Effect of Co-pyrolysis of Biomass and Plastics [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2019, 39(3): 34-42.
[3]	SONG Yulong, LI Wei, XU Zhou, LIU Shouxin. Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Larch-based Carbon Spheres via Spray Pyrolysis [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2019, 39(2): 9-15.
[4]	LU Xincheng, JIANG Jianchun, HE Jing, SUN Kang, SUN Yunjuan. Preparation and Properties of Wood Vinegar from Pyrolysis of Fir Sawdust Under Different Temperatures [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2019, 39(2): 96-102.
[5]	WU Kai, ZHU Jinjiao, ZHU Yuezhao, YANG Ye. Co-pyrolysis Process of Waste Tire and Biomass [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2018, 38(5): 53-60.
[6]	LU Xincheng, JIANG Jianchun, SUN Kang, SUN Yunjuan. Influence of Pyrolysis Parameters on Properties of Pyrolyzed Wood Vinegar [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2018, 38(5): 61-69.
[7]	LI Kechun, LEI Fuhou, LU Jianfang, ZHOU Juying, ZHAO Yanzhi. Preparation of Core-shell Magnetic Rosin-based Polymer Microspheres and Their Adsorption Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Mn²⁺ [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2018, 38(4): 87-94.
[8]	GONG Juhui, SHAO Tingting, WANG Kebing. Characterization and Kinetic of Co-pyrolysis of Coal and Salix Under CO₂/N₂ Atmospheres [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2018, 38(4): 95-102.
[9]	ZHANG Haibo, JIANG Jianxin, GAO Hong, SHANG Shibin, SONG Zhanqian. Drug Release and Kinetics Properties of Rosin-based Polyacrylamide Hydrogels [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2018, 38(3): 25-32.
[10]	LI Weixue, LIU Shiwei, YU Shitao, SONG Zhanqian. Preparation of Aromatic Compounds by Catalytic Pyrolysis of Lignin over Mesoporous Molecular Sieves [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2018, 38(2): 112-118.
[11]	GUO Xianhua, ZHANG Jianyu, ZHAN Fangdong, HE Yongmei, LI Bo, JIANG Ming. Thermal Decomposition Characteristics and Kinetics of Tea Stalk [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2018, 38(2): 119-125.
[12]	DING Ding, YAN Bochao, ZHANG Suping. Effect of Metal Elements on Integrated Process for Hydrogen Production from Biomass [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2018, 38(1): 66-72.
[13]	YAO Can, TIAN Hong, QIN Jingping, LIU Zhengwei, HU Zhangmao. Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of Chinese Silvergrass and Corn Stalk Based on Iso-conversional Methods [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2018, 38(1): 93-100.
[14]	LU Qiang, GUO Haoqiang, YE Xiaoning, WANG Xin, ZHOU Mingxing. Research Progress of Hydrogen Donor Assisted Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2017, 37(6): 1-9.
[15]	GUO Liang, QI Wei, LIAO Lifang, WEI Ting, XU Qingli, YAN Yongjie. Microwave Pyrolysis Characteristics of Poplar Sawdust Under Different Atmosphere [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2017, 37(6): 89-94.