基于活性炭电极的电容去离子技术制备纯水应用研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2023.01.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Capacitive deionization(CDI) was emerging as a technology with low-energy consumption in treating brackish water. The feasibility of CDI technology based on carbon electrodes in producing pure water was investigated in this work. A self-designed CDI desalination system was constructed with activated carbon electrodes, graphite current collector, plexiglass spacer, etc. The desalination capacity, energy consumption, salt removal rate, ion interception rate, water recovery and stability of the CDI system were explored by using urban tap water as the feed. The results showed that the specific surface area of Activated carbon was 1 586 m²/g, average pore diameter was 2.08 nm, and total pore volume was 0.82 cm³/g. XPS showed that the carbon, oxygen and nitrogen contents of the activated carbon were 94.81%, 4.10% and 1.09%, respectively, which contained a small amounts of oxygen- and nitrogen functional groups on the surface. The CDI system could produce pure water with ion concentration of 0.06 mmol/L and total dissolved solids(TDS) lower than 5 mg/L, while the energy consumption was only 0.115 5 kWh/m³ and the overall salt removal rate reached 98.1%. The ion rejection rates of various ions were ranging from 78.6% to 99.8%, and the water recovery was 80%. Furthermore, the desalination performance of the electrode remained stable and the cycle performance was good after 42 adsorption-desorption cycles.

Key words: capacitive deionization, activated carbon, electrical adsorption, pure water production

CLC Number:

TQ35
TQ424.1

Chang TAN, Bei LI, Ao WANG, Xiaojing LIU, Dongrui YAO, Kang SUN. The Application of Capacitive Deionization Technology Based on Activated Carbon Electrode to Produce Pure Water[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2023, 43(1): 72-78.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Table 1

Fig.8

References 21

1	田小萌. 水的纯化与超纯水的制备[J]. 云南环境科学, 2005, 24 (2): 27- 28. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9655.2005.02.008
	TIAN X M . Purification of water and preparation of ultrapure water[J]. Yunnan Environmental Science, 2005, 24 (2): 27- 28. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9655.2005.02.008
2	闻瑞梅, 王在忠. 高纯水技术[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1988: 1.
	WEN R M , WANG Z Z . High Purity Water Technology[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1988: 1.
3	李海玲. 反渗透浓水的处理工艺在纯水制备中的应用[J]. 节能与环保, 2019, (9): 107- 108. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-539X.2019.09.050
	LI H L . Application of reverse osmosis concentrated water treatment process in pure water preparation[J]. Energy Saving and Environmental Protection, 2019, (9): 107- 108. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-539X.2019.09.050
4	杨继, 冯贵喜, 王娟, 等. EDI和混床在超纯水制备中的应用[J]. 冶金动力, 2016, (10): 45- 48. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6764.2016.10.014
	YANG J , FENG G X , WANG J , et al. Application of EDI and mixed bed in ultrapure water preparation[J]. Metallurgical Power, 2016, (10): 45- 48. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6764.2016.10.014
5	周镝. 离子交换与反渗透法生产纯水工艺比较[J]. 皮革制作与环保科技, 2021, 2 (5): 16- 17.
	ZHOU D . Comparison of ion exchange and reverse osmosis processes for pure water production[J]. Leather Making and Environmental Protection Technology, 2021, 2 (5): 16- 17.
6	郭婷婷. 谈离子交换树脂在纯水制备方面的应用[J]. 环境与发展, 2017, 29 (10): 128- 130.
	GUO T T . Application of ion exchange resin in preparation of pure water[J]. Environment and Development, 2017, 29 (10): 128- 130.
7	王方, 王明亚, 王明太. 离子交换树脂电再生技术的研究进展[J]. 水处理信息报导, 2015, 1 (2): 1- 4.
	WANG F , WANG M Y , WANG M T . Research progress of ion exchange resin electroregeneration technology[J]. Water Treatment Information Report, 2015, 1 (2): 1- 4.
8	赵永吉. 反渗透脱盐装置在水处理中的应用研究[J]. 化工设计通讯, 2017, 43 (11): 240. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6490.2017.11.198
	ZHAO Y J . Application of reverse osmosis desalination unit in water treatment[J]. Chemical Design Communication, 2017, 43 (11): 240. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6490.2017.11.198
9	BEI L , ZHENG T , RAN S , et al. Performance recovery in degraded carbon-based electrodes for capacitive deionization[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2019, 54 (3): 1848- 1856.
10	JANDE Y A C , MINHAS M B , KIM W S . Ultrapure water from seawater using integrated reverse osmosis-capacitive deionization system[J]. Desalination & Water Treatment Science & Engineering, 2015, 53 (13): 3482- 3490.
11	LEE J H , CHOI J H . The production of ultrapure water by membrane capacitive deionization(MCDI) technology[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2012, 1 (409/410): 251- 256.
12	屈冬冬, 田秉晖, 孙力平, 等. 活性炭电极改性及电吸附除盐性能研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2013, 33 (9): 23- 27.
	QU D D , TIAN B H , SUN L P , et al. Study on the modification of activated carbon electrode and its desalination performance by electrosorption[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2013, 33 (9): 23- 27.
13	李海彩, 霍彦强, 袁鑫, 等. 电容去离子技术对自来水脱盐性能优化研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2018, 41 (S2): 165- 168.
	LI H C , HUO Y Q , YUAN X , et al. Study on optimization of desalination performance of tap water by capacitive deionization technology[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2018, 41 (S2): 165- 168.
14	郭奇, 许伟, 刘军利. 木质素基活性炭氮掺杂改性及其电化学性能[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2022, 56 (5): 15- 22.
	GUO Q , XU W , LIU J L . Nitrogen doping modification of lignin based activated carbon and its electrochemical properties[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2022, 56 (5): 15- 22.
15	SING K , EVERETT D H , HAUL R A W , et al. Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity(Recommendations 1984)[J]. Pure & Applied Chemistry, 1985, 57 (4): 603- 619.
16	ROBERTS A J , SLADE R . Effect of specific surface area on capacitance in asymmetric carbon/α-MnO₂ supercapacitors[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2010, 55 (25): 7460- 7469.
17	SUFIANI O, TANAKA H, TESHIMA K, et al. Enhanced electrosorption capacity of activated carbon electrodes for deionized water production through capacitive deionization[J/OL]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2020, 247(3): 116998[2021-12-10]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116998.
18	LI Z, LIU D, CAI Y, et al. Adsorption pore structure and its fractal characteristics of coals by N₂ adsorption/desorption and FESEM image analyses[J/OL]. Fuel, 2019, 257(1): 116031[2021-12-10]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116031.
19	MINHAS M B , JANDE Y A C , KIM W S . Hybrid reverse osmosis-capacitive deionization versus two-stage reverse osmosis: A comparative analysis[J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2014, 37 (7): 1137- 1145.
20	MINHAS M B , JANDE Y A C , KIM W S . Combined reverse osmosis and constant-current operated capacitive deionization system forseawater desalination[J]. Desalination, 2014, 344 (1): 299- 305.
21	张品. 制备超纯水的膜分离工艺技术研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2012.
	ZHANG P. Study on membrane separation technology for preparation of ultrapure water[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2012.

离子 ions	质量浓度/(mg·L^-1) mass concentrations		截留率/% ion rejection rates
离子 ions	原水tap water	纯水pure water	截留率/% ion rejection rates
Na⁺	21.221	0.039	99.8
Mg²⁺	7.841	0.114	98.5
Ca²⁺	44.371	0.696	98.4
K⁺	3.505	0.447	87.2
Cl^-	21.357	1.130	94.7
SO₄^2-	28.542	0.920	96.8
NO₃^-	4.221	0.904	78.6

[1]	Mingzhe MA, Hao SUN, Kang SUN, Mengmeng FAN, Yanping ZHANG, Jianchun JIANG. The Relationship Between Pore Size Distribution and Adsorption Properties of Cumaru Activated Carbon Prepared by Phosphoric Acid Method [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2023, 43(1): 51-56.
[2]	YE Jiewang, ZHOU Zhidan, JIN Zhenfu. Preparation, Characterization and Adsorption Properties of Nitrogen-doped Lignin-based Activated Carbon [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2023, 43(1): 127-132.
[3]	Lu LUO, Lingcong LUO, Jianping DENG, Yalan ZHOU, Mizi FAN, Weigang ZHAO. Preparation, Characteristics and Electrochemical Performance of Chinese Fir Bark-based Activated Carbon [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2022, 42(5): 37-44.
[4]	Ruting XU, Jian ZHAO, Kang SUN, Xincheng LU, Yanping ZHANG, Jianchun JIANG. The Adsorption Performance of Wear Elements in Lubricant by Activated Carbon [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2022, 42(4): 25-32.
[5]	Zhou XU, Wei LI, Shouxin LIU. Preparation of Copper Loaded Activated Carbon and Its Adsorption Performance of Gaseous Benzene [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2022, 42(3): 1-9.
[6]	Yongzhi XIONG, Yanyan LIU, Guilong WANG, Beili LU, Biao HUANG, Guanfeng LIN. Electrosorption of Copper Ions on Bagasse-based Phosphorus-doped Activated Carbon Electrode [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2022, 42(3): 41-48.
[7]	Tingting YU, Zongze LYU, Xiang LI, Jindong HU, Peiyan LI, Zhiguo LI. Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Bamboo Based Ultra-thick Carbonaceous Electrode Materials [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2022, 42(2): 10-18.
[8]	Qi GUO, Wei XU, Junli LIU. Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Lignin-based Activated Carbon by Phosphoric Acid Activation [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2022, 42(2): 31-38.
[9]	Kainan JIN, Songlin ZUO, Youcai GUI, Baoshou SHEN, Shanshan WANG, Nannan CUI. Studies on Lignin-based Carbon Materials as Electrocatalysts of Fuel Cells Cathode Ⅳ: Preparation and Electrocatalytic Properties for Oxygen Reduction Reaction [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2021, 41(6): 27-35.
[10]	Lu LUO, Lingcong LUO, Jianping DENG, Tingting CHEN, Mizi FAN, Guanben DU, Weigang ZHAO. Preparation of Boron and Nitrogen Co-doped Porous Carbon Derived from Sword Bean Shell and Its Electrochemical Performance [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2021, 41(6): 43-50.
[11]	Xiaopeng JIAN, Xinglong HOU, Wei XU, Shicai LIU. Effect of Pore Structure of Activated Carbon on Adsorption and Desorption of CS₂ [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2021, 41(6): 90-96.
[12]	Youqi HAN, Jiaxin NI, Xiaolin HUANG, Yudong LI, Guiquan JIANG, Shiyan HAN. Preparation and Photocatalytic Performance of CQDs/TiO₂ [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2021, 41(5): 58-64.
[13]	Haonan CHEN, Ting YU, Yali ZHOU, Xiping LEI, Xiaolin GUAN. Research Progress on Electrode Materials from Activated Carbon-based Supercapacitors [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2021, 41(5): 113-125.
[14]	Qiong WANG, Xuan YANG, Zhenghan CAI, Yandan CHEN, Biao HUANG, Guanfeng LIN. Preparation of Multi-doped Activated Carbon Based on Alkali/Thiourea Synergistic Activation [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2021, 41(4): 77-84.
[15]	Xuan YANG, Xinyu ZHENG, Jianhua LYU, Hao YING, Biao HUANG, Guanfeng LIN. Preparation of Nitrogen-doped Activated Carbon from Alkali/Urea Dissolution System and Its Electrochemical Properties [J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2021, 41(2): 10-16.

The Application of Capacitive Deionization Technology Based on Activated Carbon Electrode to Produce Pure Water

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 21

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments