Table of Content

30 October 2013, Volume 33 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

1研究报告

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Preparation and Characterization of a Lignin-based Amphoteric Poly-electrolyte ZHANG Qiong;BEI Ying;REN Shi-xue;FANG Gui-zhen 2013, 33 (5):  7-12.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.002 Abstract ( 746 )   PDF (2339KB) ( 730 )   Save In order to improve the molecular weight and application of lignin, trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt of lignin-sodium alginate polyampholyte (QL-SA) was prepared with trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt of lignin (QL) and sodium alginate (SA) by crosslinking, and glutaraldehyde was selected as the cross linker in present study. Based on the nitrogen content and flocculate ability on the acid black ATT, the reaction conditions were optimized. The QL-SA with high quality could be obtained as the QL and SA with mass ratio 2:1 were crosslinked by 4% glutaraldehyde at 70℃ for 4 h. For the QL-SA obtained under this optimum condition, the decolorization rate of acid black ATT was 90.08%. The solubility and amphoteric polymer characteristics, ie, isoelectric point, was also investigated. Its structure was analyzed by FT-IR, TG and DSC. The results revealed that QL and SA were grafted successfully, the nitrogen content reduced from 4.21% to 3.69%, and the thermal stability of QL-SA was superior to that of QL and SA. Its isoelectric point was 5.76, and ranged from 4 to 10. The QL-SA was an amphoteric compound. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Solution Properties of Anionic Polyol Dispersion from Terpene-based Epoxy Resin WU Guo-min;KONG Zhen-wu;CHEN Jian;HUO Shu-ping;LIU Gui-feng;JIANG Jian-chun 2013, 33 (5):  1-6.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.001 Abstract ( 683 )   PDF (3070KB) ( 658 )   Save Anionic polyol (T-PABA) dispersion was prepared by terpene-based epoxy resin and para-aminobenzoic acid. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were as follows: the molar ratio of PABA/TME 1.6:1-1.8:1, 2-butanone (1.5 times the mass of PABA) as reaction solvent, reaction temperature 86℃ and reaction time 3 h. The technical parameters of T-PABA were as follows: hydroxyl value 168.9 mg/g, amino value 125.9 mg/g, the total active hydrogen content 5.245 mmol/g. After dispersed in water, the viscosity of T-PABA dispersion was 400 mPa·s with solid content of 30%. The chemical structure of T-PABA was characterized by FI-IR and NMR, and the molecular weight was measured with GPC. Laser particle size analyzer was used to characterize the particle size distribution of the T-PABA dispersion. The value of the Z-average particle size of the dispersion was about 30 nm. The rheological properties of the T-PABA dispersion were examined with rotary rheometer. The apparent viscosity of the dispersion remains constant with the increasing of shear rate, and the value of the flow index was about 1. This indicated that T-PABA dispersion was Newton fluid. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spray Drying of Edible Cactus (Opuntia Milpa Alta) ZHANG Cai-hong;HUANG Li-xin;XIE Pu-jun;YOU Feng;ZHANG Yao-lei 2013, 33 (5):  13-19.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.003 Abstract ( 992 )   PDF (10755KB) ( 1939 )   Save Spray drying(SD) is used to investigate the dehydration of Opuntia Milpa Alta. Inlet air temperature in spray drying is usually a significant factor for final product property. Different inlet air temperatures, i.e., 90, 140, 190 and 240℃, are selected in this study. The properties of dried cactus powder, i.e., residual moisture, particle size distribution, SEM, vitamin C, flavone, and color difference, are presented. The results showed that all residual moisture in product by SD was less than 6%. SEM of the dried product showed that the particles were round with some shrinkage hole and some were maintained in strip due to initial mill process. Most mean particle sizes were changed from 8.6 μm to 24.3 μm. It was also seen that the measured vitamin C in dried products and color difference decreased while the inlet air temperature increased. Maximum vitamin C content at 1 776 μg/g was obtained when inlet air temperature 90℃ was used in spray drying. The flavone content of cactus powder was decreased while the inlet air temperature increased. Maximum flavone content of cactus powder was 2.28 mg/g at inlet air temperature 90℃. Related Articles | Metrics

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Integrated Process of Ethanol Production from Corn Stover CHU Qiu-lu;YANG De-liang;MA Bin;YONG Qiang 2013, 33 (5):  20-24.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.004 Abstract ( 637 )   PDF (2474KB) ( 744 )   Save When the steam exploded corn stover was hydrolyzed by cellulase at substrate loading of 100 g/L and cellulase dosage of 20 FPIU/g-cellulose, β-glucosidase dosage of 3IU/g-cellulose for 48 h, the hydrolysis yield was 74.89%. Following solid-liquid separation, a liquid fermentation of concentrated supernatant was performed, the glucose consumption yield and ethanol yield were 99.56% and 94.50%, respectively. Variable temperature fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysis residue was carried out at yeast loading of 2.0×106 cfu/g enzymatic hydrolysis residue, applying 30℃ for the first 24 h and 36℃ for the next 42 h. It was found that 11.59 g ethanol was obtained from 474.3 g enzymatic hydrolysis residue. 175 g steam exploded corn stover was bio-refinied through the intergrated processes containing lower substrate hydrolysis, higher glucose concentration fermentation and variable temperature fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysis residue process. Finally, 36.49 g ethanol was obtained, and the pretreated corn stover-to-ethanol conversion yield was 0.209 g/g. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adsorption of Curcumin on Difunctional Activated Carbon-silica WANG Ying-hong;XIA Lie-wen;ZHANG Hai-lian 2013, 33 (5):  25-29.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.005 Abstract ( 803 )   PDF (3826KB) ( 976 )   Save The new activated carbon-silica difunctional porous composite was made by eucalypts wood shavings as materials, by impregnating with silicon tetrachloride, calciumoxide and water and by carburizing and activating in Muffle furnace. The pore size distribution of new porous composite was from 2.6 to 4.3 nm and specific surface area was 357 m2/g.In order to obtain new porous composites to immobilize curcumin, the adsorption behavior of two kinds of absorbents on curcumin were studied by spectroscopy and quadrature analysis. The effects of adsorbent dosage, time, and temperature on the adsorption were investigated. Research results showed that lab-made activated carbon-silica difunctional composite had favorable performance in the adsorption of curcumin.The adsorption ratio of curcumin reached 94.82%. The optimum conditions for this activated carbon-silica were as follows: adsorption time within 7 min, temperature at 40℃, the mass ratio of activated carbon-silica to curcumin of 1 000:1.5.The new absorbents adsorbate curcumin by both physical adsorption and hydrogen bond. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Lipase Production Strains by Microwave-nitrosoguanidine Mutagenesis and Optimizing of Lipase Producing Condition MIAO Chang-lin;LUO Wen;L&#;Peng-mei;LI Hui-wen;YANG Ling-mei;YUAN Zhen-hong;JIANG Jian-chun 2013, 33 (5):  30-34.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.006 Abstract ( 771 )   PDF (2174KB) ( 625 )   Save In order to obtain mutants with high lipase production, the Rhizomucor miehei with 10 U/mL enzyme activity was selected as the original strain, and was treated by combining microwave irradiation and nitrosoguanidine(NTG). The optimum treating conditions were got by primary screening. A mutant named MN 4 with higher activity of lipase was obtained as the original strain was treated by a power of microwave irradiation 500 W for 100 s and then a NTG treatment for 60 min. The activity of lipase of MN 4 was 20.50 U/mL, which was 105% higher than that of the original strain. Then an experiment for studying the genetic stability was taken by means of passaging 5 times and its results showed that MN4 had a better genetic stability. The Lipase-producing conditions of such mutant were investigated and the optimum conditions were summed up as follows: fermentation temperature was at 30℃, pH value was 7.0, and fermentation time was 4 d. Under these conditions, the produced Lipase had the highest activity of 22.90 U/mL, which was 129.0% higher than that of the original strain. The experimental results showed that microwave and NTG mutation agents possessed analogical mortal ratio trend. It positively related to the mutation agent's concentration microwave-NTG composite mutation presents some synergies. This could weaken repellence and saturation by single mutation agent.Microwave-NTG composite mutation could realize the complementary advantages and inerease mutant efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological Activities of Acidic Polysaccharide and Its Derivatives from Prunella vulgaris Linn. WANG Ying-ying;XIONG Shuang-li;SHI Min-juan;YAO Xiao-lei 2013, 33 (5):  35-40.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.007 Abstract ( 683 )   PDF (2674KB) ( 660 )   Save Acidic polysaccharide from Prunella vulgaris Linn. after isolation and purification was desulfated by solvent method and sulfated by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method, respectively. Then the structures of the acidic polysaccharide and its derivatives were preliminary investigated using IR spectrum. Their antioxidant activities and immunological activities were also determined. The result showed that the sulfate content of acidic polysaccharide (AP) from P.vulgaris was 6.58%. The sulfate content of desulfate prtoduct (APD) was 0.305%. Two sulfated products (sulfated polysaccharide with low sulfate content (APL) and sulfated polysaccharide with high sulfate content (APH)) were obtained from acidic polysaccharide after sulfated, and their sulfate content were 30.95% and 36.35%, respectively. Various polysaccharides showed significant antioxidant activities. The order of their antioxidant ability was APH>APL>AP>APD. The IC50 of various polysaccharides toward ABTS·were APD 4.96 g/L,AP 1.13 g/L,APL 1.01 g/L and APH 0.57 g/L. The IC50 of various polysaccharides toward NO2-·were APD 2.11 g/L,AP 1.59 g/L,APL 0.61 g/L and APH 0.34 g/L. Meanwhile, various polysaccharides represent significant immunological activities and their immunological activities were significantly enhanced with the increase of their concentrations and sulfate group content. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adsorption Characteristics and Mechanism of Macroporous Resin to Polysaccharide from Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. CHEN Li-hua;ZHANG Jun-sheng;ZHU Shi-long 2013, 33 (5):  55-60.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.011 Abstract ( 703 )   PDF (2530KB) ( 590 )   Save The polysaccharide was extracted from Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. and purified using D-101 macroporous resin. The thermodynamic and kinetics characteristics of E.ramosissimum. polysaccharide on D-101 resin were investigated. The optimal conditions of adsorption and eluting were studied in detail. The results showed that all of heat of adsorption(ΔH) at varied adsorption capacities(Qe) were positive and less than 40 kJ/mol of critical value. The adsorption was a physical adsorption process. The Langmuir and Freundish could well describe the isothermal adsorption of polysaccharide on D-101 macroporous resin. The value of the enthalpy, free energy and entropy indicated that the adsorption was an endothermic process. The data obtained from kinetic experiments could be well described using pseudo-first order rate model. The adsorption rate was 59.51% under optimal adsorption conditions of 2.0 g/L polysaccharide crude extracts, 10:1 of liquid to resin ratio(mL:g), pH 6.0, 120/min oscillation for 12 h at constant temperature. The desorption rate outstripped 95% under optimal eluting conditions of 0.2 mol/L NaCl solution as eluant and 20:1 of eluant to resin ratio(mL:g). The percentage of polysaccharide in the purified sample reached 39.29%, being 4.67 times of that (8.42%) of the crude extract. Related Articles | Metrics

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One-pot Synthesis of Epoxy Fatty Acid Methyl Ester LI Ke;JIANG Jian-chun;NIE Xiao-an 2013, 33 (5):  41-44.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.008 Abstract ( 729 )   PDF (1503KB) ( 720 )   Save Synthesis of epoxy fatty acid methylesters from insitu method (one pot) was studied using p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst. The results showed that insitu method has high efficiency, easy operation and higher security. The optimum reaction conditions were: n(double bond of methyl ester):n(methane acid):n(aquae hydrogendioxidient)=1:0.5:1.4; reaction temperature 65℃ and reaction time 4 h. The epoxy value of the final product can reach 6.23%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of Camphoric Anhydride from α-Pinene LIANG Zhi-hua;LI Hao-jin;XU Xu;WANG You-xiang;WANG Shi-fa; 2013, 33 (5):  61-66.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.012 Abstract ( 935 )   PDF (2238KB) ( 638 )   Save Synthesis of camphoric anhydride was carried out using α-pinene as the starting material. 2-chlorocamphane was prepared by addition and isomerization of α-pinene and dry hydrogen chloride, and it was further eliminated HCl in alkaline condition to obtain bornylene. Camphoric anhydride was finally obtained by oxidation of bornylene with KMnO4 in mixed acetic anhydride-water solvent. Influences of solvent systems, volume ratio of acetic anhydride and water, the amount of KMnO4, reaction temperature and reaction time on the oxidation of bornylene were examined in detail. The suitable oxidation conditions were determined as follows: KMnO4 used as the oxidant for oxidizing bornylene into camphoric anhydride, KMnO4/bornylene molar ratio 2.5:1, acetic anhydride/H2O mixture with a volume ratio of 3:1 used as the solvent, solvent/bornylene ratio 20:1(mL:g), reaction temperature 40℃ and reaction time 4 h. The yield of camphoric anhydride was over 94% under the aforesaid conditions. Its chemical structure was determined with GC-MS, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and Plasticized Performance of Cardanol Acetate MI Zhen;NIE Xiao-an;LIU Zhen-xing;WANG Yi-gang 2013, 33 (5):  45-49.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.009 Abstract ( 916 )   PDF (2195KB) ( 847 )   Save Bio-plasticizer cardanol acetate was prepared using natural phenolic compounds cardanol as raw material. Its plasticized performance was also studied. When the content of cardanol acetate increased to 10%, the tensile strength and elongation at break of epoxy resin 128/934 system increased to 39.1% and 185.8%, respectively. Compared with dioctyl phthalate(DOP) and dioctyl terephthalate(DOTP), tensile strength and elongation of the cured system with cardanol acetate increased by 38.1%, 36.6% and 145.9%, 51.6%, respectively. The glass transition temperature of epoxy systems was 63.3℃ using cardanol acetic, which is lower than that of DOP. Cardanol acetate gives good plasticized performance which is similar to that of DOP. It has high protential to be used as substitute for DOP in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Light Distillates Separated from Fat-soluble Unsaponifiable Matter of Ginkgo biloba Leaves on Melampodium paludosum Seed Germination and Seedling Growth CHEN Hong-xia;WANG Cheng-zhang;SUN Yan;TAO Ran 2013, 33 (5):  50-54.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.010 Abstract ( 639 )   PDF (2997KB) ( 676 )   Save Effects of the light distillates from fat-soluble unsaponifiable matter of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves with different concentrations on Melampodium paludosum Kunth seed germination and seedlings growth were studied. The results indicated that: the concentrations (50 mg/L) of the light distillates has high hastened effect on seed germination and seedling growth. The germination rate was 73%. The seedling height and root length of M.paludosum were 2.92 and 4.87 cm, were 122%,127% and 123% of the control group, respectively. The promotion effect is remarkable. The contents of chlorophyll, soluble protein in seedlings and activities of root, amylase of seeds increased after treated with light distillates. When the light distillates was 50 mg/L, it was found that the amylase activity was 0.72 mg/(g·min), the root activity was 58.18 μg/(g·h), and the contents of chlorophyll and solution protein were 1.679 mg/g and 0.061 mg/g, respectively. They were 150%, 136%, 183% and 161% of the control group, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermogravimetric Characteristics and Kinetic Analysis of Reconstituted Tobacco Paper-base HAN Ying-ying;LI Jun;ZENG Jian;RAO Guo-hua;SHAO Gan-hui;ZHAO Rui-feng;YANG Fei 2013, 33 (5):  67-70.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.013 Abstract ( 703 )   PDF (1465KB) ( 864 )   Save The pyrolysis characteristics of reconstituted tobacco paper-base with different dosage of citric acid potassium were investigated by means of thermogravimetry. A dynamic model describing the pyrolysis process was established according to the differential thermogravimetric curves, and the corresponding kinetic parameters were calculated. The results showed that the pyrolysis of reconstituted tobacco paper-base mainly occurred at 200-500℃. The weight loss peak moved forward with the increasing potassium dosage, and the weight loss peak temperature of the control group was 352.1℃, while it reduced to 319.8℃ as 2.0% potassium citrate was added. According to the Coats-Redfern method, the pyrolysis of reconstituted tobacco paper-base could be described by a first-order reaction, and the activation energy of the control sample was 35.21 kJ/mol. On the other hand, when the sample as 2.0% potassium citrate was added, it represented 27.84 kJ/mol. Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction Conditions of Ellagic Tannin from Infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea Using Response Surface Methodology XU Man;WANG Yong-mei;ZHANG Liang-liang;WU Dong-mei;CHEN Jia-hong 2013, 33 (5):  71-76.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.014 Abstract ( 602 )   PDF (2388KB) ( 786 )   Save On the base of the single factor experiments, the conditions of the ellagic tannin extracted from infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables, namely extraction time, extraction temperature and liquid to solid ratio on the yield of extract product. Data were analyzed using Design-Expert 7.1 software. The optimum extraction conditions were: the extraction time 78 min, extraction temperature 90℃, liquid to solid 17.5:1 and extracting two times. Under the optimum conditions, the extraction yield of tannin was 50.0%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Conversion of Corncob into Furfural with Sulfuric Acid at Atmospheric Pressure ZHANG Ye;CHEN Ming-qiang;LI Feng;YANG Zhong-lian;WANG Jun;LIU Shao-min 2013, 33 (5):  77-82.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.015 Abstract ( 776 )   PDF (1361KB) ( 650 )   Save In this paper, corncob was used as feedstock and toluene was selected as extraction solvent. The objective of this work was to study the furfural yields by hydrolysis of corncob with different sulfuric acid concentrations at various liquid/solid ratios under the atmospheric pressure. Four important parameters consisting of heating temperature (140-190℃), reaction time (20-120 min), mass fraction of sulfuric acid (5%-35%, mass fraction) and liquid/solid ratio were evaluated. The conversions of corncob and furfural yield were found to increase significantly with the heating temperature and reaction time increasing. When the heating temperature was 160℃,the maximum furfural yield, i.e. 8.43% was obtained within 90 min. The concentration of sulfuric acid was found to affect the furfural yield. The optimal furfural yield was observed when the sulfuric acid concentration was 25%. After this, as the sulfuric acid concentration increased, the furfural production decreased. When the concentration was up to 35%, the furfural yield was only 0.62% at 90min. By analysis of experimental results, the optimal parameters of furfural prepared as follows: the optimum heating temperature 160℃, the appropriate reaction time 60 min, the best acid concentration 25% and the best ratio of liquid to solid 10. Under these conditions, a furfural yield of 8.15% was obtained. Related Articles | Metrics

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Flavonoids from Chrysanthemum monfolium Ramat by Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Its Anti-oxidation HUANG Qiao-yan;ZHAO Wen-ying;RONG Jin-hua;LI Xue-qiang 2013, 33 (5):  83-87.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.016 Abstract ( 668 )   PDF (1893KB) ( 628 )   Save Flavonoids were extracted from the Chrysanthemum monfolium Ramat by pressurized liquid extraction. Conditions including extraction temperature, ratio of material to liquid, the ethanol concentration, extraction time, and extraction pressure were studied by using single factor analysis method. The optimal process conditions were obtained by orthogonal analysis as follows: the extraction temperature 70℃, ratio of material to liquid 1:60, the ethanol concentration 60%, extraction time 40 min and extraction pressure 0.25 MPa. The yield of extraction was 8.07﹪. Compared with the flavonoids extracted by traditional refluxing extraction, the flavonoids extracted by the pressurized liquid extraction had a similar elimination function on DPPH·radical with the traditional refluxing extraction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of Pseudoionone Catalyzed by Solid Base under Microwave Irradiation ZHAO Yang;LU Qiang;LUO Jin-yue; 2013, 33 (5):  88-92.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.017 Abstract ( 796 )   PDF (1902KB) ( 598 )   Save Pseudoionone was synthesized by citral and acetone under microwave. The structure of pseudoionone was identified by IR, GC-MS and 1H NMR. Effects of different types of catalysts, catalysts' dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time, microwave power and molar ratio of raw materials on the yield of product were discussed. The optimum reaction conditions were：NaOH/KOH (1:1) mixture as catalyst, n(citral):n(acetone):n(catalyst) 1:8:0.1,microwave power 400 W, reaction time 2 h and reaction temperature 50℃. Under these conditions, the yield of product reached 93.4%. The reaction time is much shorter under microwave irradiation than that under traditional method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Chemical Constituents of Acer rubrum L. and Their Antioxidant Activities WAN Chun-peng;ZHOU Shou-ran 2013, 33 (5):  93-96.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.018 Abstract ( 786 )   PDF (1480KB) ( 714 )   Save Eight phenolic compounds with good antioxidant activities were isolated from methanol extracts of Acer rubrum L. These compounds were identified as 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside(1), 7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin(2), gallic acid (3), methyl gallate(4), 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester(5), methyl syringate(6), methyl vanillate(7) and 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid(8) by the NMR and HR-ESI-MS. Compounds 1, 5 and 8 were isolated for the first time from Aceraceae. All of the compounds except 3 and 4 were isolated for the first time from this species. Compounds 1-5 showed powerful DPPH scavenging activity with the range of IC50 8.03-990.57 μmol/L。 Related Articles | Metrics

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Chemical Constituents from Branch of Litsea cubeba(Lour.) Pers. CHEN Zhan-juan;LIU Xiu-ping;BI He-ping 2013, 33 (5):  97-100.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.019 Abstract ( 803 )   PDF (1218KB) ( 610 )   Save Twelve compounds were isolated from 95% alcohol extract of Litsea cubeba(Lour.) Pers. They were identified as: 4,4'-dimethyl-l,7-heptanedioic acid(1), (-)-divanillyltetrahydrofuran ferulate(2), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(3), (+)-9'-O-(E)-feruloyl-5,5'-dimethoxylariciresinol(4),(N-methyllaurotetanine)(5),isocorydine(6), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(7),boldine(8),N-trans-sinapoyltyramine(9),fumaric acid(10),trans-N-p-coumaroyltyramine(11), decane(12). For the first time, compound 1,2,3 and 4 were separated from Lauraceae plant, compounds 10 and 11 were separated from Litsea plant, cornpounds 7 and 9 were separated from Litsea cubeba Related Articles | Metrics

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Production of β-Glycosidase by Co-culturing Aspergillus NL02 And Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 in Fermentation SHI Tong;SONG Xiang-yang;OUYANG Jia;YONG Qiang 2013, 33 (5):  101-105.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.020 Abstract ( 677 )   PDF (1844KB) ( 741 )   Save Aspergillus NL02 and Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 were co-cultured to produce β-glycosidase by fermentation. The effects of factors, including carbon source, nitrogen source, carbon- nitrogen ratio, pH value, loading volume, temperature, inoculum size, inoculum time and vaccination proportion of these two enzymes on the activity of β-glycosidase were investigated and optimized. The results showed that the optimum culture medium was described as follows: bran 15 g/L, corncob 35 g/L, ammonium sulfate 6.35 g/L, initial pH 5.5, the active spores access quantity 107 spores/mL, loading volume 50 mL in a 250 mL triangle bottle, temperature 40℃, rotate speed 170 r/min in shaker and Aspergillus and T.reesei ratio at 5:1. Under this culture condition, the β-glycosidase with 28.15 IU/mL enzyme activity was obtained. In contrast to the sample cultured by Aspergillus alone (24.80 IU/mL), a 13.5% increase of enzyme activity was observed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Myo-inositol Metamolism as the Precursor of Xylan and Pectin in Plants ZHANG Meng;XIE Yi-min;YANG Hai-tao;YAO Lan 2013, 33 (5):  106-114.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.021 Abstract ( 2671 )   PDF (3794KB) ( 956 )   Save Inositol, known as cyclohexanehexol, has very important biological functions in the growth of plants. The myo-inositol is the most abundant isomer of inositol in plants which is formed by glucose cyclization catalyzed by hexokinase, myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase and alkaline phosphatase. It takes part in some vital oxidation pathway in plants. Cell wall formation has a close relationship with the metabolism of myo-inositol. Xylan and pectin are important contents of cell wall polysaccharides can be formed by myo-inositol oxidation pathway. This provides important basis for the study of the linkage between xylan and pectin and lignin in plant cell wall by isotopic tracer method. This also contributes to the study of plant fiber chemistry and pulp and paper science. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Epoxidation of Vegetable Oil HUANG Yuan-bo;;WANG Jia-qiang;GU Ji-you;ZHENG Yun-wu;ZHENG Zhi-feng 2013, 33 (5):  115-120.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.022 Abstract ( 926 )   PDF (2326KB) ( 1335 )   Save Based on the introductions of reaction mechanism and technology of epoxidation reaction for vegetable oils, research progress on catalytic epoxidation of vegetable oil was briefly introduced. Applications of acid catalysts, such as inorganic acid, organic acid, heteropolyacid, ionic exchange resin, aluminium oxide, phase-transfer catalyst, and titanosilicate molecular sieve catalyst in epoxidation of vegetable oil were reviewed. Developing epoxided products based on non-edible vegetable oils is of high potential. Related Articles | Metrics

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Modification Technology and Structure-activity Relationship of Poria cocos Polysaccharide HU Guo-yuan;LI Wei-wei;YUAN Jun;WEI Ling-yun 2013, 33 (5):  121-126.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.023 Abstract ( 678 )   PDF (2835KB) ( 1035 )   Save The chemical modification, preparation by fermentation process, biological modification and structure-activity relationship of Poria cocos polysaccharide were reviewed. Sclerotium of P. cocos is a kind of famous and precious traditional Chinese medicinal materials that have been widely applied in the field of medicine, food, etc, and it’s main ingredients is P. cocos polysaccharides. Most P. cocos polysaccharides are alkali soluble polysaccharides which are not dissoluble in water. It has low bio-activity and needs to carry out molecular modification. Nowadays, the bio-activities of P. cocos polysaccharide by chemical modification have been identified higher than water-soluble P. cocos polysaccharide, and show new bio-activity. But chemical modification exists some environmental problems of chemicals agents remaining, high costs and so on. Moreover, the material supply of sclerotium of P. cocos is subjected to the forest resource. P. cocos polysaccharide could not only be synthesized from the original simple matrix by fermentation process, but also could obtain the polysaccharide by the directional modification which the original activity shows to be improved or get new activity. Biological modification of P. cocos polysaccharide is to control its structure and properties in the fermentation process by adding material. The modification methods and structure-activity relationship of P. cocos polysaccharides need further study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Modified Melamine Resin ZOU Yi-jia;CHEN Yu-he;WU Zai-xing 2013, 33 (5):  127-130.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.05.024 Abstract ( 701 )   PDF (1688KB) ( 1546 )   Save The synthesis of melamine resin and its properties such as water-solubility, tenacity and stability were reviewed. The water-solubility of melamine resin was enhanced by ionized modification that includes the anionic and cationic. The modification of melamine resin for its tenacity was done by the ways that reducing the resin's cross-linking degree, or adding flexible chain to the reaction system. The stability of melamine resin was improved by adding alcohol to the resin which will be etherified. Meanwhile, the trend of the application of melamine resin in bamboo processing was discussed. Related Articles | Metrics