Table of Content

30 June 2010, Volume 30 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

研究报告

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Synthesis and Characterization of (2-Methylacryloyloxy) Ethyl Ester of Acrylic Acid Modified Rosin WANG Ji-fu;LIN Ming-tao;WANG Chun-peng;WU Hong;LIU Mei-hong;CHU Fu-xiang; 2010, 30 (3):  24-28.  Abstract ( 915 )   PDF (982KB) ( 858 )   Save (2-Methylacryloyloxy)ethyl ester of acrylic acid modified rosin (AR-2-HEMA) was synthesized by esterification of carboxyl group in acrylic acid modified rosin(AR)and characterized by using FT-IR spectroscopy, GC-MS,13C NMR spectroscopy and DSC. The results showed that AR-2-HEMA is composed of (2-methylacryloyloxy)ethyl ester of acrylopimaric acid (AHR-2-HEMA, 37.88%) and (2-methylacryloyloxy)ethyl ester of resin acids (52.88%).(2-Methylacryloyloxy)ethyl ester of acrylopimaric acid is an isomer and the mass fractions of two structure are 31.79% and 6.09%, respectively. AR-2-HEMA can polymerize in the presence of initiators. Related Articles | Metrics

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Kinetics of Wood Liquefaction Using Microwave Heating and Products Analysis FENG Guo-dong;ZHOU Yong-hong;GUO Xiao-xin;HU li-hong; 2010, 30 (3):  66-72.  Abstract ( 793 )   PDF (1341KB) ( 660 )   Save Wood liquefacient was carried out from alcoholysis of waste bottles (polyethylene terephthalate,PET) using microwave irradiation. The relationship between the rate of liquefaction and time was discussed. The results showed that wood liquefaction obeys the second-order kinetics. Liquefaction activation eneryy Eawas 1.76×105 and pre-exponetial factor A was 0.891e50.28(s·mol)/L2. Percentage content of water-solubles decreased and that of ethyl acetate-solubles increased with the increase of liquefaction time. The products of different liquefaction time and different extraction of GPC and HPLC-MS/MS analyses showed that, the relative molecular mass (Mr) of lignin pyrolysis products were 400-200. The Mr of cellulose pyrolysis products was more than 10 000. The Mr of water-insoluble products from some PET debris and re-polymerization of liquefied products was more than 10 000.The hydroxyl value, acid value and viscosity (25℃) of the products increased with the increase of time. The infrared spectra of each extract fraction had little difference. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fiber Morphology, Chemical Composition and APMP Pulp Properties of Fast-growing Black Poplar Crotches WU Qin;CHEN Jia-chuan;YANG Gui-hua;WANG Shuang-fei;PANG Zhi-qiang; 2010, 30 (3):  35-40.  Abstract ( 639 )   PDF (1485KB) ( 694 )   Save Fiber morphology, chemical composition and alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (APMP) properties of three kinds of fast-growing black poplar(Populus nigra) crotches(ZY)were studied. Results of fiber morphology analysis are as follows: average fiber length 0.6mm, fiber width 20μm, fiber length-width ratio value 30, cell wall thickness-lumina ratio 0.5-0.6, fine content 10%-20%, fiber coarseness 8-10mg (based on 100m). Results of chemical composition are as follows: 1% NaOH extractives 22%, benzene-ethanol extractives 2.0%, nitro-ethanol cellulose 44%-47%, pentosan 24%-25%, acid insoluble lignin 18%-21%. The results showed that fast-growing black poplar crotches have smaller cell wall thickness-lumina ratio and fiber coarseness, less fine content, lower extractives content, low lignin content, low pentosan content, which are favorable for paper- and pulp-making. However, physical strengths of the paper are significantly adverse because of the short fiber length and small fiber length-width ratio. APMP pulps from fast-growing black poplar crotches using APMP process are obtained. The results show that the APMP pulp strength properties of crotches without bark are superior to crotches with bark, but inferior to bodywood. Related Articles | Metrics

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Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Moringa oleifera Lam.Seed Oil MA Li-yi;YU Jian-xing;ZHANG Zhong-quan;WANG You-qiong;GAN Jin;ZHENG Hua;GUO Yuan-heng;ZHAO Hong;DUAN Qiong-fen 2010, 30 (3):  53-56.  Abstract ( 589 )   PDF (723KB) ( 539 )   Save Through single factors and orthogonal experiments, the optimal condition for aqueous enzymatic extraction of Moringa oleifera Lam.seed oil with neutral protease was studied. The optimal condition is as follows: amount of neutral protease 3% of M.oleifera seed, ratio of enzyme solution to M.oleifera seed 9:1, incubated at 50℃ at pH value 5 for 18h, average oil yield exceeded 28.25%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Location of Temperature-sensitive Plates in Turpentine Distillation Tower WEN Xue-ying;ZHOU Jia-hua;ZHAO Zi-niu 2010, 30 (3):  57-60.  Abstract ( 713 )   PDF (849KB) ( 605 )   Save The location of temperative-sensitive plates in the turpentine dual-tower continuous distillation system under both static and dynamic conditions was determined using Peng Rob method. The result shows that the location of sensitive plates of low-boiling-point column varies within three plates, while the No.16th plate is the sensitive one in high-boiling-point column. Based on this study, the parameters can be promptly adjusted to keep the stable temperature of the sensitive plates, so as to ensure the distillation efficiency and product quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Rose Essential Oil FANG Xiang;ZHU Yue-zhao;LING Xiang;LIAO Chuan-hua 2010, 30 (3):  83-87.  Abstract ( 1005 )   PDF (839KB) ( 820 )   Save The process of extracting essential oil from rose flowers(Rosa rugosa var.plena)using supercritical carbon dioxide was studied. Analysis results via orthogonal experiment and single-factor experiment were obtained. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: particle size 250μm, CO2 circulation flow rate 25L/h, temperature 65℃ and pressure 20MPa. Under these conditions, the yield of rose essential oil can reach 5.225 7% The yield of essential oil was significantly affected by particle size, supercritical fluid flow rate, extraction temperature and pressure. The result also showed that, under the condition of small particle size, gas distributor could increase the yield effectively, which did not influence the fluid flow speed in the extraction vessel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Technology of Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Perilla Oil and Its Integrated Inclusion with α-Cyclodextrin SUN Xin-chao;YANG Bo;XU Yuan;YANG Jian;ZHAO Yu-lin;WANG Jing;WANG Cui-min 2010, 30 (3):  73-77.  Abstract ( 680 )   PDF (1041KB) ( 581 )   Save Perilla oil was extracted with supercritical CO2 extraction, and the supercritical conditions for integrated inclusion of perilla oil was researched using β-cyclodextrin microcapsulation technology. The results show that the optimum conditions were: supercritical extraction pressure of perilla oil 23MPa, the optimum β-cyclodextrin inclusion supercritical pressure 12MPa, inclusion reaction time 180min, inclusion reaction temperature 55℃, extractant CO2 flow rate 40L/min. α-Lindenic acid inclusion rate is 16.37%, the maximum ratio of mass fraction of β-cyclodextrin/perilla oil is 16.42%, the highest molar complexation ratio (β-cyclodextrin/perilla oil) amounts to 1.84:1 (molar ratio of material), average mass fraction of perilla oil/β-cyclodextrin is 13.94%, and the average complexation ratio is 1.55:1(molar ratio of material). Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and Chemical Structure Characterization of Lignin Aminated Polyol HUO Shu-ping;KONG Zhen-wu;CHEN Jian;WU Guo-min;NIE Ming-cai 2010, 30 (3):  93-96.  Abstract ( 783 )   PDF (767KB) ( 711 )   Save Lignin aminated polyol was prepared from lignin, diethanolamine and formaldehyde by the Mannich reaction. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, pH value, the dosage of diethanolamine and formaldehyde on the hydroxyl value of the product were investigated. It was shown from the results that at the mass ratio of diethanolamine to lignin 0.35:1, the molar ratio of formaldehyde to diethanolamine 1.1:1, reaction tempreture 80℃ and pH value 11, the hydroxyl value 279mg/g of the product is the highest. The chemical structure of lignin aminated polyol was characterized by FT-IR and elemental analysis methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Purification, Analysis and Synthesis of Azadirachtin LIU Hong-cheng;MA Xue-tao;LI Qi-wan 2010, 30 (3):  110-114.  Abstract ( 860 )   PDF (771KB) ( 837 )   Save The paper reviewed the advances in the research of azadirachtin on isolation and purification technology such as countercurrent chromatography, flash chromatography and vacuum chromatography; analysis technology of immunosorbent assay, colorimetric assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).A great advance on total synthesis of azadirachtin was first achieved in past years. Related Articles | Metrics

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Flavor and Elementary Analysis of the Wild Tremellodon gelatinosum from Yunnan DU Ping;ZHANG Xian-jun;HE Su-fang;SUN Hui; 2010, 30 (3):  97-102.  Abstract ( 671 )   PDF (973KB) ( 685 )   Save Unique flavor and elements components of wild Tremellodon gelatinosum in Yunnan were investigate by using GC-MS, amino acid analyzer and ICP-MS analysis. The results showed that under room temperature there are 42 volatile aroma matters(mainly alkyl alcohols, alkenes and heterocyclic compounds), 17 non-volatile active matters (amino acid), 10 microelements and 9 rare-earth elements in wild T.gelatinosum. This indicates that T.gelatinosum possesses high nutritional value and medicinal value. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Novel Paper-strengthening Agent Containing Double Cellulose-binding Domains ZHENG Fei;SHI Xiao-ran;WU Mi-jia;WANG Jing;DING Shao-jun 2010, 30 (3):  61-65.  Abstract ( 694 )   PDF (1117KB) ( 535 )   Save Two family-I cellulose-binding domains(CBD) of acetyl xylan esterase from Volvariella volvacea were fused to form a recombinant protein. The recombinant bifunctional cellulose-binding protein was expressed in E.coli. Then the mechanical properties of Whatman filter paper treated with the recombinant protein were tested. The purified protein improved the treated paper's tensile strength, bursting strength and folding endurance by 10%, 8.7% and 30%, respectively. This research demonstrated that the cellulose-binding domains have an immense potential for the application in the field of fiber and paper industries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Binding Interaction between Ursolic Acid and Serum Albumin ZHANG Lu-ying;GUO Ming;CHEN Jian-yi;LI Ming-hui;WU Meng-yi 2010, 30 (3):  41-48.  Abstract ( 1388 )   PDF (2341KB) ( 886 )   Save The interaction between ursolic acid (UA) and serum albumin, namely bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) respectively has been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Based on the method of florescence quenching, the binding constants (K) for UA with BSA/HSA were determined to be KUA-BSA=0.335 7×105 L/mol and KUA-HSA=0.244 3×105 L/mol, respectively. The binding distance(r)and energy-transfer efficiency(E)between UA and BSA/HSA were also obtained by virtue of the Fōrster theory of non-radiation energy transfer to be as follows: rUA-BSA=0.73 nm, rUA-HSA=0.88 nm, EUA-BSA=0.17, EUA-HSA=0.18. The effect of UA acting on the conformation of BSA/HSA analyzed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy was not significant. The unfolding procedure of BSA/HSA induced by UA was analyzed by fluorescence phase diagram to be a two-state model. In the presence of Ni(Ⅱ), interaction between UA and BSA/HSA was explored to be somewhat different. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Lignin in Synthesis of Polyurethane YANG Xiao-hui;ZHOU Yong-hong;GUO Xiao-xin 2010, 30 (3):  115-120.  Abstract ( 676 )   PDF (1318KB) ( 978 )   Save The research and application of lignin which is one of renewable natural resources become more and more active. The introduction of lignin into materials may not only enhances its properties, but also can lower the costs. In this review, the explo-ratory development and application progress of using lignin or modified lignin to replace parts of polyols in the field of polyurethane synthesis are presented such as polyurethane in foam, film, adhesive and paints. Research on lignin-modified polyurethane will become the focus in connection with its structure and properties. Related Articles | Metrics

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Statistical Optimization of Process Parameters on Cellulase Production ZHANG Xiao-ping;YANG Jing;YONG Qiang;YU Shi-yuan 2010, 30 (3):  29-34.  Abstract ( 569 )   PDF (1011KB) ( 824 )   Save Placket-Burman (PB) design was applied to discover the most significant parameters affecting cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei RUT C30 on deglucosed starch obtained from yeast fermentation, and the condition of cellulase production was optimized by response surface method(RSM). Results showed that mass concentration of hydrolysate from hydrolysis of deglucosed starch and mass concentration of CaO were the two most significant parameters. The model between enzyme activity and these two parameters was build through the path of steepest ascent and RSM. Under optimized conditions, the levels of these two parameters were respectively 28.85 and 0.67g/L. The theoretical enzyme activity from 120h fermentation was 7.52FPIU/mL, and the maximal value was 11.16FPIU/mL from 156h fermentation. The maximal glucosidase activity reached 0.79IU/mL. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adsorption Property of Nd3+on in situ Immobilized Bayberry Tannin TONG Pei-jie;LIAO Yang;MAO Yan;YAN Xiao-juan;CAO Fei;ZHAO Shi-lin 2010, 30 (3):  13-18.  Abstract ( 743 )   PDF (1000KB) ( 665 )   Save The new adsorbent was obtained from bark of bayberry being rich in tannin, and cross-linking reaction with formaldehyde was used to immobilize tannin in situ to get the adsorbent. The adsorption property of this new adsorbent to Nd3+ in aqueous solution was investigated. Experiments showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of this adsorbent to Nd3+ was 342.144mg/g at 303K when initial concentration of Nd3+ was 432mg/L. The adsorption isotherm of Nd3+ on the in situ immobilized bayberry tannin(SIBT) could be described by the Freundlich equation. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of this adsorbent to Nd3+ was related to pH value and temperature of solution. Within the range of pH value 3.0-5.5, adsorption capacity would be rising along with the increase of pH value. When pH value is higher than 5.5, adsorption capacity began to decrease. When temperature varied from 283 to 313K, the change of adsorption capacity to Nd3+ was not obvious. However, over 313K, adsorption capacity started to decrease. The effect of pH value to the equilibrium adsorption capacity was more significant than that of temperature. This study also indicated that the adsorption kinetics data of this adsorbent to Nd3+ fitted with the pseudo-second-order rate model well and the equilibrium adsorption capacities calculated by pseudo-second-order rate model were consistent with the experimental data with deviation within 4%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on UV Curing Reactivity of Allyl Resinate LU Yan-ju;ZHAO Zhen-dong;GU Yan;CHEN Yu-xiang;BI Liang-wu;SUI Guan-hua 2010, 30 (3):  1-5.  Abstract ( 625 )   PDF (1059KB) ( 780 )   Save Properties of cured product and affecting factors of the reaction were researched using allyl resinate as monomer. Conversion rate of vinylic double bonds was characterized and detected by FT-IR analysis and mechanical properties of cured films were detected. Results showed that conversion of double bonds first increased and then decreased with the increase of the dosage of initiators, and increased with the increase of irradiation time. Surface drying time became shorter, that is, relative curing speed became faster with the increases of dosage of initiator and irradiation intensity, and the decrease of lamp distance. At lamp distance 4.5cm and irradiation intensity 100%, conversion rate of vinylic double bonds was 97.9% using irradiation time 250s with 8% of MK, while conversion rate was 97.6% using irradiation time 300s with 5% of Darocure 1173 as photoinitiator. The obtained UV-cured coating possessed superior properties in flexibility, impact strength and adhesion, as well as good properties in hardness, acid resistance, alkali resistance, salt resistance and water resistance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Betulin Using Uniform Design DING Wei-min;ZHOU Dan;YU Tao;HUANG Jing-shu;YAN Xiu-feng;WANG Yang 2010, 30 (3):  78-82.  Abstract ( 697 )   PDF (934KB) ( 694 )   Save White birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) bark, one of the important biomaterial resources, is the remains after cutting and processing of the tree. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of betulin from white birch bark using uniform design was optimized. The effects of ultrasound power, extraction temperature, extraction time and liquid-solid ratio on betulin yield was discussed, and betulin content was determined by HPLC. Betulin yield could reach up to 83.43 %±1.89% with the purity of 71.20%±0.74% under the conditions of ultrasound power 400W, extraction time 70min, extraction temperature 70℃, and liquid-solid ratio 40:1(mL:g). Comparing with the traditional reflux extraction, shorter extraction time and better yield were achieved by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Through pre-treatment with 5% sodium carbonate aqueous solution the interference of acidic impurities on the extraction of betulin could be reduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Immobilization of Amylase on Metal Complex of Rosin-based Functional Polymers LU Jian-fang;LEI Fu-hou;ZHAO Kang;QIN Dong-mei;YAO Xing-dong 2010, 30 (3):  6-12.  Abstract ( 711 )   PDF (574KB) ( 665 )   Save Immobilized amylases were prepared by using polymer of maleated rosin acid-hexandiol ester (PMHE), copolymer of maleated rosin acid-glycol-acrylic acid ester-acrylic acid and polymer of maleated rosin acid-glycol-acrylic acid ester (PMGAE) respectively as carriers and the method of metallic ion coordination. The performance of the immobilized enzyme was determined. The mechanism of immobilization was discussed. The result showed that PMGAECa(Ⅱ) and poly(MGAE-AA)Ca(Ⅱ) were the best carriers for immobilizing amylase among all carriers with metal ions as coordination bridge. Their activities were maintained at 11.33 and 9.44mg/g for per 5min and relative retention activities were 32.78% and 37.59%, respectively, after using five times. The optimal reaction conditions of starch oxidation catalyzed by the amylase immobilized on PMGAECa(Ⅱ) and poly(MGAE-AA)Ca(Ⅱ)were found to be as follows: reaction temperature 60℃(20℃ higher than that of free enzyme) and 50℃(10℃ higher than that of free enzyme), pH value 6.03 and 5.00, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Volatile Compounds from the Flower of Paulownia elongate ZHANG Yu-yu;SUN Bao-guo;HUANG Ming-quan;CHEN Hai-tao 2010, 30 (3):  88-92.  Abstract ( 627 )   PDF (694KB) ( 637 )   Save Volatiles of Paulownia elongata S.Y.Hu were extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE)and head space-solid-phase micro-extraction(HS-SPME), and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Sixty-seven compounds were identified including 10 esters, 9 aldehydes, 4 ketones, 2 phenols, 36 hydrocarbons, 5 alcohols, and 1 amide. The major compounds were: 1-octen-3-ol, 4-dimethoxy-benzene, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene, benzoic acid methyl ester, 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester and 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-benzene, etc. The result will provide valuable information for further study on P.elongata. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of Research on S-Dolichol and Its Chemical Synthesis YANG Lan;WANG Cheng-zhang;CHEN Hong-xia;YE Jian-zhong;CHEN Xi-juan 2010, 30 (3):  121-126.  Abstract ( 637 )   PDF (1095KB) ( 625 )   Save Research on the chemical structure, existence form, biosynthesis, biological functions and chemical synthesis of S-dolichol was reviewed.Different synthetic procedures and their advantages and disadvantages were mainly discussed and the prospect for its synthesis was put forward. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Degradation Behavior of Tung Oil as Coating Material in Soil SHI Wei-sheng;GE Zhen-yang;TANG Hui;WANG Ya-ming 2010, 30 (3):  49-52.  Abstract ( 658 )   PDF (690KB) ( 780 )   Save Degradation behavior of tung oil as coating material in soil was studied.Tung oil was applied as coating material, using potted plant soil experiment method and the method of determinating mass loss in the soil was introduced. Results show that the speed of degradation of tung oil in soil was increased with the increase of temperature and soil moisture, the speed of degradation of tung oil as coating material in soil was decreased with increase of pH value of soil. Using the curve of C=C0e-kt for imitation. At soil moisture 20%,the half life of tung oil as coating material was 116d and at soil moisture 30%,the half life of tung oil as coating material was 52d. When temperature of soil increased from 15 to 35℃, degradation speed constant of tung oil as coating material was increased from 0.0036 to 0.008 9g/d. When the pH value of the soil increased from 4.0 to 6.0, degradation speed constant of tung oil as coating material was decreased 0.009 2g/d. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review: Development of Comprehensive Utilization Technology and Equipment for Gasification of Pulp-making Black Liquor HUANG Li-xin;YING Hao;JIANG Jian-chun 2010, 30 (3):  103-109.  Abstract ( 602 )   PDF (1439KB) ( 858 )   Save Black liquor from pulp-making is one of the main pollution source in China. In this paper, discussions about black liquor gasification in the world are mainly focused on technology and main equipment used in the gasification system and industrial applications. The newest development in this field is introduced. The investigation results from the literatures showed that black liquor gasification technology was a potential and useful method not only to reduce pollution but also to provide enough energy for pulp-making mill itself, which will change vastly the high-pollution and high energy consumptions status of pulp-making plants. Related Articles | Metrics

研究报告

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Study on the Processing Conditions of Xylose Fermentation to Produce Fuel Ethanol from Dilute-acid Pretreated Poplar XU Yong;GU Yi-na;FAN Li;YONG Qiang;YU Shi-yuan;ZENG Tao 2010, 30 (3):  19-23.  Abstract ( 638 )   PDF (886KB) ( 720 )   Save Xylose solution containing acetate, formate and other fermentation inhibitors was obtained from dilute-acid pretreated poplar sawdust steeped with 1.0% sulfuric acid for 20min at 150℃, from which 66.5% xylan and 7.1% glucosan in poplar were hydrolyzed into soluble xylose and glucose. Some detoxication treatment is necessary for Candida shehatae R to ferment this solution to produce ethanol, but even so it was still deadly for the growth of Pichia stipitis NL23. Over 70.0% acetate and 40.0% formate were removed, while the loss of xylose and glucose was only 5.0%-6.0% simultaneously, when the process of vacuum evaporation followed by lime powder neutralization was used for cleaning the solution as an optimal detoxication technique. After detoxication, C.shehatae R was able to utilize 93.2% sugar and the ethanol yield reached 83.6%. Low-cost inorganic salts could supply the nutriments for growth and fermenting of C.shehatae R in the detoxicated solution (DS). The optimal initial mass concentration of DS for C.shehatae R fermentation to produce ethanol is 30.0g/L sugar because of inhibitors besides acetate and formate. The strain could use 84.7% sugar to produce 8.54g/L ethanol at the yield of 75.3% together with 6.08g/L xylitol after 12h of culture. The glucose-inhibition effect on xylose fermentation was not detected for fermenting DS into ethanol by C.shehatae R. Related Articles | Metrics