Table of Content

20 October 2009, Volume 29 Issue S1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

研究报告

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Influence of Polyphenolic Acid Esters as Stabilizer on High-temperature Stability of Biodiesel BO Cai-ying;BI Liang-wu;ZHAO Zhen-dong;ZHANG Qiu-ge;LI Dong-mei;GU Yan;WANG Jing;WANG Yu-min;ZHOU Yong-hong 2009, 29 (S1):  23-28.  Abstract ( 724 )   PDF (1168KB) ( 515 )   Save The influences of variety of polyphenolic acid ester stabilizers and mass fraction of stabilizers on high-temperature stability of biodiesel were studied according to the relationship of acid value of biodiesel with time at 110℃. The selected stabilizers included six terpenyl gallates (farnesyl gallate, geranyl gallate, linalyl gallate, nerolidyl gallate, menthyl gallate and hydroabietyl gallate), five alkyl gallates (methyl gallate, propyl gallate, octyl gallate, dodecyl gallate and octadecyl gallate), three synthetic antioxidants (BHT, BHA and TBHQ) and two natural antioxidants (tea polyphenols and rosemary antioxidant). The results showed that there were slight differences among six terpenyl gallates on high-temperature stability of biodiesel. Geranyl gallate was slightly better. Methyl gallate had a stronger ability to stabilize biodiesel among five alkyl gallates. The difference of three synthetic antioxidants on high-temperature stability of biodiesel was also small. The ability of tea polyphenols to stabilize biodiesel was slightly stronger than that of rosemary antioxidant. The abilities of high-temperature stabilization to biodiesel of linalyl gallate and nerolidyl gallate at mass fraction 0.12%, methyl gallate, farnesyl gallate, and menthyl gallate at mass fraction 0.08% were preferred. The synergistic agent citric acid could not improve high-temperature stability of biodiesel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and Properties of Acrylpimaric Acid-based Waterborne Polyurethane WANG Hong-xiao;SHANG Shi-bin;SONG Zhan-qian;XU Xu; 2009, 29 (S1):  29-32.  Abstract ( 706 )   PDF (757KB) ( 664 )   Save Acrylpimaric acid-based waterborne polyurethane (AAWP) was prepared from acrylpimaric acid polyester polyols (AAPP), polyether glycol (N-210) and toluene diisocyanate. The properties of the products were characterized by FI-IR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), testings on specular glossiness, pendulum hardness, impact strength, adhesion, flexibility and water-resistance. The results indicated that when the dosage of acrylpimaric acid polyester polyols is 40%(relative to total weight of acrylpimaric acid polyester polyols and polyether glycol), acrylpimaric acid-based waterborne polyurethane has good performances with specular glossiness of 131.6, pendulum hardness of 0.80, impact resistance of 80 kg·cm, 5% weight-loss temperatures of 260.3℃, adhesion of the first grade and flexibility of 0.5 mm. Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on Repellency and Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship of Ant Repellent Derived from Turpentine Oil WANG Zong-de;SONG Jie;JIANG Zhi-kuan;CHEN Jin-zhu;HAN Zhao-jiu;ZHENG Wei-qing;SONG Zhan-qian;SHANG Shi-bin 2009, 29 (S1):  47-53.  Abstract ( 677 )   PDF (1157KB) ( 784 )   Save Seventeen terpenoid ant repellents with six-member-ring were synthesized from α-pinene and β-pinene, which are two main components of turpentine oil. Their repellency against Monomorium pharaonis Linn. was determined using the method of dual-choice bioassay with steeped grain. The result shows that all these compounds have repellency, in which 8-hydroxylcarveol propionate, nopyl methyl ether, nopyl acetate and endo-1-isocamphanyl-3-hexanol acetate have good repellency.Furthermore, the optimal conformer and lowest energy of these compounds were calculated using Gaussian 03W, then the results were changed into the format compatible with Codessa 2.7.10 using Ampac 8.16. Finally, the changed results were loaded and the structure descriptors were calculated in Codessa 2.7.10, and the quantitative structure-activity relationship was calculated by heuristic method in Codessa 2.7.10. The quantitative structure-activity relationship model using lg B as activity was gained with the R2=0.926 5. The model suggests that the 4 structure descriptors influencing the repellency include:fractional atomic charge weighted partial positive surface area(ESP-FPSA-3 fractional PPSA), minimum nucleophilic reactivity index of a carbon atom, second-highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO-1)energy, maximum 1-electron reactivity index for an oxygen atom. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Synthesis of Bornadiene LI Kai-jing;ZENG Tao;FENG Tao;WU Zhen-hua;DOU Li-ying;YANG Xiao-qin 2009, 29 (S1):  59-63.  Abstract ( 558 )   PDF (809KB) ( 673 )   Save α-Pinene was used as raw material for synthesis of 2,6-dichlorocamphane. Then 2,6-dichlorocamphane was used to synthesize bornadiene. The optimal conditions of 2,6-dichlorocamphane synthesis were:mole ratio of NaHCO3 to α-pinene 1:1, reaction temperature -10℃, and reaction time 7 h. The optimal conditions of synthesizing bornadiene by 2,6-dichlorocamphane were:reaction temperature 120℃, reaction time 3h, t-BuOK as eliminating reagent, mole ratio of t-BuOK to 2,6-dichlorocamphane 4:1, DMF as solvent. FT-IR, GC-MS, 1HNMR and elemental analysis were used to identify the structures of 2,6-dichlorocamphane and bornadiene. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Silver/Palladium Alloy Nanoparticals on the Surface of Cellulose Nanocrystal LIU He;WANG Dan;SHANG Shi-bin;SONG Zhan-qian 2009, 29 (S1):  87-90,9.  Abstract ( 703 )   PDF (1128KB) ( 543 )   Save Uniform Ag/Pd alloy nanoparticles absorbed on the surface of cellulose nanocrystal(CNC)were prepared by chemical reduction of metallic cations using NaBH4. CNC played a role of a dispersant to obtain stable dispersions of alloy nanoparticles. Aqueous suspensions of Ag/Pd alloy nanoparticles was detected by UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and the dried nanocomposites was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD). The average sizes of alloy nanoparticles were below 5.5 nm and their average diameter was increased with an increase of Pd content. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of Rosin Methyl Ester Using SBA-15-[HSO3-AMS]+[HSO4]- as Mesoporous Catalyst LI Lu;YU Shi-tao;LIU Fu-sheng;XIE Cong-xia;LV Xian-fu 2009, 29 (S1):  82-86.  Abstract ( 716 )   PDF (881KB) ( 621 )   Save SBA-15-[HSO3-AMS]+[HSO4]- was prepared by grafting functional ionic liquids[HSO3-AMS]+[HSO4]- with the mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15. The material was characterized by XRD, IR and Py-IR . The result shows that SBA-15-[HSO3-AMS]+[HSO4]- is of the similar long-range structure as SBA-15, and there are many acid centers including B acid and L acid in SBA-15-[HSO3-AMS]+[HSO4]-. This catalyst was used for synthesizing rosin methyl ester using rosin and methanol as starting materials. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, dosage of catalyst and molar ratio of acid to methanol are researched. The optimum condition is:n(rison):n(methanol)1:30, 200℃, 5 h, m(catalyst):m(rison)6:100. Under the optimum conditions, the esterification yield was 97.2%. Additionally, the catalyst was of excellent reusability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Reference Materials of Rosin to Identify Pinus Genus of Traded Rosins WANG Zhen-hong;SHANG Shi-bin;YE Bo-hui 2009, 29 (S1):  91-96.  Abstract ( 537 )   PDF (750KB) ( 500 )   Save Pinus genus of six rosin samples from the circulation of commodities were identified by applying the information data from the reference materials of rosin, which provided the information about method of application and characteristic data. Results of the identification are as follows:three of them are rosin of Pinus massoniana Lamb., other two are rosin of P.elliottii Engelm., the last one is rosin of P.kesiya var.langbianensis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Degree of Substitution on Enzymatic Degradation of Internally-plasticized Cellulose Material XU Yu-zhi;LI Fen-fen;WANG Chun-peng;CHU Fu-xiang 2009, 29 (S1):  101-104.  Abstract ( 671 )   PDF (855KB) ( 494 )   Save A different assay was developed based on the utilization of ester enzyme and cellulolytic enzymes rather than dynami-cally mixed cultures found in the natural environment to degradate cellulose laurate films. The extent of biodegradation was followed by monitoring glucose production using HPLC. As the degree of substitution (Ds) decreased, the rate of biodegradation rates increased. After enzymatic degradation, the decrease of number-average molecular mass (Mn) and the increase of weight-average molecular mass (Mw) denoted that the degradation occurred mainly from the collapse of low-molecular-mass constituents. Preferential attack of the microorganisms was observed on the face of the cellulose laurate film in SEM images. Collectively, this work indicated that the cellulose ester films with lower Ds showed definite biodegradability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Myrica esculenta Bark WU Dong-mei;CHEN Jia-hong;WANG Yong-mei;XU Man;WU Zai-song 2009, 29 (S1):  105-109.  Abstract ( 613 )   PDF (896KB) ( 660 )   Save The ultrasound-assisted technique was researched for extraction of proanthocyanidins from Myrica essulenta bark with water as extracting agent. The suitable extraction conditions were:ultrasonic frequency 20 kHz, ultrasonic power 800 W, material/liquid ratio 1:10(g:mL), temperature 60℃,extraction time 75 min,duplicate extraction. The extraction yield was 28.2%. By comparision with single-batch extraction, this method has the distinguishing features of:low-temperature, time saving and low liquid amount. The proanthocyanidin content in extract was 60%, and it was determined as prodelphinidin through qualitative examination. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characterization of Highly-activated Wood Charcoal Prepared from Two-step Carbonization HUANG Biao;LIN Guan-feng;TANG Li-rong;ZENG Qiao-ling;LI Tao 2009, 29 (S1):  125-128.  Abstract ( 499 )   PDF (787KB) ( 600 )   Save Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood powder was carbonized at 500℃ in the first step,followed by the second step of carbonization using wood charcoal as the raw material at 900℃ to obtain highly-activated charcoal.The results showed that activation occurred in the second carbonization step.N2-adsorption isotherm data and mathematical models such as the DR equation and BJH methods were used to characterize the properties of the produced wood charcoal.Results of surface analysis showed that two-step carbonization can remarkably increase the surface area of the charcoal. It was found that surface areas,total pore volume,microporous and mesoporous volumes were increased with increasing of carbonization time,and most pore diameters were concentrated at 0.6-2.0 nm.At 900℃ for 6 h, surface area,total pore volume,microporous and mesoporous volumes were 1 288.36 m2/g,0.784 mL/g,0.407 mL/g,0.377 mL/g,respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Phenolic Foam Prepared from Liquefaction of Phenolated Poplar Bark ZHANG Wen-bo;NIU Min;SUN Ding-yang 2009, 29 (S1):  129-132.  Abstract ( 595 )   PDF (825KB) ( 701 )   Save In this study Italian poplar(Populus euramevicana cv.｀I-214')bark was used to prepare phenolic foam by liquefaction. Results obtained were as follows:1)good liquefaction effect can be gained at bark powder-phenol 1:3 in mass ratio;2)The catalytic effect of sulfuric acid is superior to toluene-p-sulfonic acid. Under the catalytic conditions, residue rate decreased with increase of bark powder-phenol ratio;3)Residue rate markedly decreases during liquefaction procedure with increasing temperature after blending bark powder with melted phenol homogeneously;4)Molar ratios of HCHO/phenolated bark and 40% NaOH/phenolated bark, liquefaction temperature and time have significant effect on the viscosity of liquefied bark resin, which has great impact on following foaming procedures;5)Phenolic foam with a density of 0.11 g/cm3 and a compressing strength of 2.8 MPa was prepared successfully through regulating the conditions of resinfication and foaming. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Preparation of Biodegradable Foamed Material from Bagasse Fiber Using Microwave Irradiation CHAI Xi-juan;ZHANG Jia-yan;HU Huan-jun 2009, 29 (S1):  165-168.  Abstract ( 674 )   PDF (779KB) ( 625 )   Save A novel method of preparing biodegradable foamed material from bagasse fiber using microwave irradiation was studied. The effects of bagasse mass, concentration of adhesive,adhesive mass, mass of foaming agent, microwave power and heating time on the static compressive behavior of the foamed material were systematically studied. The optimum conditions were as follows:total mass of plant fiber 2 g, mass of wood fiber 20%,mass fraction of adhesive 7.69%, adhesive dose 11-12 g, foaming agent dose 2 g, microwave power 800 W, microwave heating time 1 min. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Report of Extraction and Analysis of Tannins from Camellia oleifera Fruit Shell XU Man;CHEN Jia-hong;WANG Yong-mei;WU Dong-mei;WU Zai-song 2009, 29 (S1):  187-191.  Abstract ( 666 )   PDF (969KB) ( 851 )   Save Camellia oleifera Abel is a species of important woody oil crop. However its fruit shell, containing tannins, is still not effectively utilized and even discarded to pollute environment. In this study, the mean value of tannin content from the shell was determined as 11.06%. Tannin constituent from the shell was obtained by conventional extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction with water, and the extraction effect of two methods were compared. Tannin content of the extract was 32%-36%. Main constituents of the extract were identified as follows:condensed tannins were demonstrated by color reaction and formaldehyde condensation reaction;anthocyanidin reaction and IR spectra suggested that it belongs to proanthocyanidins;gallic acid esters in tannin structures were determined by hydrolysis. The results of qualitative test showed that main component tannins from the shell are condensed tannins which belong to partially gallated proanthocyanidins. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Gallic Acid Content in Extract of Canarium album (Lour.)Raeusch Fruit and Its Radical Scavenging Activity ZHANG Liang-liang;LIN Yi-ming 2009, 29 (S1):  192-194.  Abstract ( 668 )   PDF (589KB) ( 628 )   Save The content of gallic acid in extract of white canarytree (Canarium album (Lour.)Raeusch) fruit was determined by HPLC. The radical scavenging activity of extract was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The linearity of gallic acid content was over the range of 8.4-42 mg/L with good linear correlation (R=0.999 3). The mean value of gallic acid content was 4.03%, with relative standard deviation (RSD)(n=6)1.77%. The average recovery was 98.75% with RSD(n=6)1.21%. The determination method is simple, sensitive, accurate, reliable and with good reproducibility. C.album fruit extract showed a very good DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50) 40.14 mg/L. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison on Physical Properties of Acorn Starch with Corn Starch and Cassava Starch CHENG He-fang;WEI Min;JIANG Jian-chun;ZHANG Ning;CHEN Yu-ru;YANG Jing 2009, 29 (S1):  183-186.  Abstract ( 685 )   PDF (870KB) ( 729 )   Save Particle shape and size, crystal structure and paste property of acorn starch were compared with those of corn starch and cassava starch which are commonly used as raw materials for fuel ethanol production. Results showed that acorn starch is of oval-shape, its particle size is smaller than the sizes of corn starch and cassava starch. Its crystalline structure is of C type, while corn starch and cassava starch are of typical A crystal structure. The pasting temperature is higher than those of corn starch and cassava starch. The overall paste property of acorn starch is similar to corn starch. Related Articles | Metrics

论文摘要

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Pollution Characteristics of High-yield Pulping Effluent from Fast-growing Wood and Treatment Techniques thereof FANG Gui-gan;SHI Ying-qiao 2009, 29 (S1):  261-261.  Abstract ( 614 )   PDF (191KB) ( 525 )   Save The generation, pollution characteristics and bio-toxicity of various types of effluents from chemimechanical pulping lines are discussed. Some typical treatment systems operated in domestic mills including anaerobic-aerobic technological treatments of chemimechanical plulping effluents, are summarized. Current research advances from Chinese Academy of Forestry on effluent treatment using electrochemical methed and enhanced oxidation method are introduced, and systematic investigations on evaporation performance and flammable properties of pulping effluents from 10 fast-growing wood species using CTMP and P-RC APMP processes are systematically studied for the first time. At the same time, contents of solids, organics and inorganic, types of elements and contents in solids in effluent from the above pulping processes are investigated. Density, boiling point and visco-sity of effluents at different concentrations are analysed. Heat value of solids from these effluents are measured to be in the range from 12.36 to 13.84 MJ/kg. In conclusion, under the current situation of the steep increase of effluent pollution and more strict requirement of new regulation standards on discharge of pulping effluents, the ideal pathway for chemimechanical pulping effluent treatment will be the process of "zero-discharge" which must be a right solution for the future chemimechanical pulping effluent treatment in China. Related Articles | Metrics

研究报告

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Study on Micro-nano Cellulose／Poly(lactic Acid) Composite QU Ping;ZHANG Li-ping;DUAN Jiu-fang;CAO Yu 2009, 29 (S1):  179-182,.  Abstract ( 655 )   PDF (1105KB) ( 730 )   Save The casting solution was prepared by blending poly(lactic acid)(PLA)with micro-nano cellulose to prepare composite film. Tensile testing machine was used to test the mechanical properties. Also, crystallinity, functional groups and thermal stability were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The dispersion of the micro-nano cellulose in PLA matrix and the cross section of the composite film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that at first, breaking elongation of composite film raises with the increasing of micro-nano cellulose content. The elongation reachs its maximum 35%, which is 10.9 times of that of the pure PLA when the micro-nano cellulose content is 4%. In the infrared spectrogram, the composite film has no appearance of other new characteristics peaks. It reveals that there are no new functional groups in the composite film, and the level of molecular compatibility is achieved, which is based on the existence of inter-molecular hydrogen bond association between PLA and micro-nano cellulose. TGA shows that, compared with the PLA film, thermal stability of the composite hasn't changed, showing good thermal stability. In the SEM, the micro-nano cellulose of ca.200 nm distributed evenly in the matrix without agglomerating phenomenon. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Extraction and Purification of Procyanidins from Whole Marc of Sea Buckthorn TIAN Jian-hua 2009, 29 (S1):  207-209,.  Abstract ( 591 )   PDF (747KB) ( 553 )   Save Studies on the optimum process of extracting procyanidins from whole marc of sea buckthorn were carried out by orthogonal test, and content of procyanidins was determinated using catechin as reference substance. Extracts of whole marc of sea buckthorn were isolated and purificated by macroporous resin adsorption. The result shows that the optimum parameters of extraction is 70%(volume fraction) ethanol as solvent, ratio of solid to liquid 1:7(g:mL), extraction temperature 40℃ and extraction time 1 h, yield 3.67%, D-101 resin has high adsorption ability to procyanidins from whole marc of sea buckthorn and 50% ethanol has the optimum eluting effect. The purity of procyanidins is 73.3%。 Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of N-benzoyl-dehydroabietylamine-7-one and Research on Its Androgen Receptor Activity CHEN Yong;LIN Zhong-xiang 2009, 29 (S1):  121-124.  Abstract ( 556 )   PDF (717KB) ( 613 )   Save N-benzoyl-dehydroabietylamine was synthesized from dehydroabietylamine and benzoyl chloride. Then N-benzoyl-dehydroabietylamine-7-one was synthesized from the former by oxidizing at ring-B. Their structures were characterized by IR, MS and 1HNMR spectroscopies. The androgen receptor(AR) binding activities of N-benzoyl-dehydroabietylamine-7-one was tested. It has been found that N-benzoyl-dehydroabietylamine-7-one presents certain androgen receptor binding activity with IC50 value of 83.8 nmol/L. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Stability of Dialdehyde Cellulose 3,5-Dinitrobenzoate DAI Xiao-feng;LI Jun-ye;ZHANG Rui;FANG Gui-zhen 2009, 29 (S1):  97-100.  Abstract ( 560 )   PDF (739KB) ( 576 )   Save The stabilities of dialdehyde cellulose 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (DCNB )were studied under simulated biological conditions of human body and determined at 238 nm by UV spectroscopy. The influences of pH value and hydrolysis time on stability of DCNB were studied. The results showed that with 4-6 h in the buffer solution of pH values 1,2,8,the hydrolysis rates of DCNB were 0.06%-0.11%,0.01%-0.03% and 3.01%-3.50% respectively. After the exposure of DCNB at room temperature for 6 months, the saturated adsorption capacity of DCNB for urea and creatinine didn't change compared with new-made DCNB. In conclusion, the DCNB had good stability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of Glucose Dehydroabietate in Ionic Liquid[bmim]Br XU Xue-tang;HUANG Mei;DUAN Wen-gui;CHEN De-zhi 2009, 29 (S1):  113-116.  Abstract ( 688 )   PDF (760KB) ( 608 )   Save In the presence of ionic liquid[bmim]Br as green reaction solvent, glucose dehydroabietate(GDA) was synthesized by O-acylation of dehydroabietyl chloride with glucose. The influencing factors of the reaction were investigated preliminarily, and the target product was analyzed and characterized by TLC, IR, and 13CNMR methods. The results showed that this new method had the advantages of mild condition and environmental benignity. Furthermore, the ionic liquid[bmim]Br could be reused for at least 3 times. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and Analysis of Rosin-based Quaternary Ammonium Gemini Surfactant HAN Shi-yan;SONG Zhan-qian;FANG Gui-zhen;LI Shu-jun 2009, 29 (S1):  110-112,.  Abstract ( 724 )   PDF (838KB) ( 563 )   Save The CsH2s-α,ω-bis(abietyl hydroxy propyl triethylenediamine chloride), here s=2,had been synthesized by reacting 3-abietylacyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl chloride with triethylenediamine at a yield of 50.71% and purity of 95.03%. The intermediate compound 3-abietylacyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl chloride was prepared from rosin(acid value 170.54 mg/g) reacted with epoxy chloropropane, and the esterification rate was 99.18%. The synthesis condition of the aimed compound was as follows:n(intermediate compound):n(triethylene diamines)1.5:1, reaction temperature 80℃ and reaction time 25 h. The structure of the aimed compound was characterized by FT-IR and its property was analyzed. The results showed that:emulsifying ability was up to 10 min, critical micelle concentration (cmc) was 9.7×10-4 mol/L and surface tension was 43.41 mN·m.The aimed compound maintained strong foaming ability and superior foaming stability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Emulsions from Low-softening-point Rosin Esters LI Jian-fang;SHANG Shi-bin;GAO Hong;SONG Zhan-qian 2009, 29 (S1):  73-76.  Abstract ( 909 )   PDF (687KB) ( 603 )   Save Emulsions were made from low-softening-point rosin esters by the method of inversion process under atmospheric pressure. The effects of kinds, contents and addition methods of emulsifiers and co-emulsifiers and the processing conditions on the emulsion performance were studied and the reasonable process condition was determined. The results show that the optimal proportion of emulsifier RH-1 to ZR-1 is 5:1, optimal amount of RH-1 is 10%-13.2% of rosin ester mass, the optimal adding method of emulsifiers and co-emulsifiers is to dissolve them in water followed by hot-melting and with rosin ester together, optimal emulsification temperature is 100℃, optimal dripping rate before inversion process is 30～40 drops per minute and the stirring speed is 900 r/min. The particle size of the obtained emulsion under this condition is less than 250 nm, the conformance is less than 0.26, solid content is more than 55% and the stabilization period is more than 6 months. Related Articles | Metrics

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Controlled Synthesis of Ni(OH)2Materials with Rosin-based Surfactant by Microwave Solvothermal Method HAN Chun-rui;ZHU Li-wei;LIU Liu-jun;JIANG Jian-xin 2009, 29 (S1):  149-153.  Abstract ( 650 )   PDF (3880KB) ( 523 )   Save The nickel hydroxide materials are prepared by microwave solvothermal method. The effect of reaction temperature and amount of urea are studied. The range of urea dosage 0.6-2.0 mL was appropriate. The surfactant S1 of rosin derivative was added in reaction system to successfully prepare nickel hydroxide material. The nickel hydroxide coral-like microspheres with a diameter of 2 μm are synthesized under the condition of 1 mL surfactant, 0.6 mL urea, 120℃ and 20 min. It was shown that the Ni(OH)2 coral-like microspheres are assembled from nanosheets with a thickness of 30 nm and a width of 2 μm. The homoge-neous size and uniform appearance of nickel hydroxide materials can be controlled through addition of surfactant S1. The nickel hydroxide materials are characterized by SEM and the mechanism of the formation of coral-like microspheres material was proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Enhancement of Cellulase Activities by Surfactant Tween 80 and Gleditsia Saponin FENG Yue;JIANG Jian-xin;ZHU Li-wei;WU Xi-yao 2009, 29 (S1):  154-158.  Abstract ( 686 )   PDF (773KB) ( 735 )   Save Additions of chemical surfactant Tween 80 and natural surfactant Gleditsia saponin at different concentrations were achieved for the enhancement of cellulase activities and reduction of the cost of bio-alcohol production. The optimal concentrations of the two surfactants were both 0.007%, the addition of which increases the enzyme activity (FPA) by 3.7% and 6.5%, respectively. Tween 80 could raise the endoglucanase and cellobiase activities of cellulase, and Gleditsia saponin could increase the exoglucanase and cellobiase activities of cellulase. The total activity (filter paper activity) of cellulase was higher than the summation of the endoglucanase, exoglucanase and cellobiase activities due to the addition of surfactants, which indicates that surfactants had promoted synergism among the three cellulolytic enzymes. Surfactant Tween 80 was added to the mixed cellulases (1:1 proportions) at its optimal concentration, which increases the cellulase activity by 5.2%. Gleditsia saponin behaves better than Tween 80 for the enhancement of cellulase activities. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Activated Carbon from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Hull and Its Application for Decolorization and Deodorization of Glycerin SUN Kang;JIANG Jian-chun;LU Xin-cheng 2009, 29 (S1):  77-81.  Abstract ( 758 )   PDF (1843KB) ( 709 )   Save Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge(XSB) hull with phosphoric acid by one-step activation. The effects of processing condition on adsorption capacity of the derived activated carbons were investigated. Microporous structure, pore size distribution and glycerin decolorization effect of the optimal sample were also analyzed. The results show that activated carbon from XSB hull can be prepared at the impregnated ratio 1.5:1, temperature 600℃,time 60 min. The prepared XSB-hull activated carbon has the characters of methylene blue value 210 mg/g, iodine value 951 mg/g and pore size distribution within 2-8 nm. As an important by-product of bio-diesel, crude glycerin has some yellow color and peculiar smell which can be cleaned by adding this activated carbon of 1.5% weight of glycerin mass in 90℃ water bath to obtain an odorless, colourless refined glycerin with light transmittance of 98.5%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Microwave-assisted Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Myrica esculenta Bark WANG Yong-mei;CHEN Jia-hong;WU Dong-mei;XU Man;WU Zai-song 2009, 29 (S1):  195-198.  Abstract ( 645 )   PDF (669KB) ( 587 )   Save The microwave-radiation technique was researched for extraction of proanthocyanidins from Myrica esulenta bark with water. Effects of irradiating temperature, time, liquid/solid ratio and number of extractions on yield were investigated. Optimal conditions obtained from orthogonal test were:microwave heating temperature 85℃,microwave irradiating time 30 min, liquid/solid ratio 10:1, duplicate extraction. The extraction yield was 35.2%. Proanthocyanidin content of the product was 64.7%. The result indicated that microwave technique for M.esulenta bark extraction had some advantages such as:easy to operate, time-saving, efficient and superior in quality of product. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spectral Determination and Analysis of Molecular Structure of Abietic Acid LIU Hong-jun;ZHOU Yong-hong;YANG Xiao-hui;SONG Xing 2009, 29 (S1):  199-202.  Abstract ( 640 )   PDF (650KB) ( 635 )   Save The sample of abietic acid was self-made with purity up to 99.15% which was analyzed by HPLC. Its melting point is 176.36℃, enthalpy (△H) is 147.537 4 J/g analyzed by DSC, and the spectrum of DSC showed a singlet which further verifies the sample purity. The molecular structure of abietic acid was confirmed by IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR, DEPT and MS. Related Articles | Metrics

综述评论

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Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Comprehensive Application of Lacquer Trees DONG Yan-he;WANG Cheng-zhang;GONG Kun;ZHANG Fei-long 2009, 29 (S1):  225-232.  Abstract ( 648 )   PDF (1521KB) ( 1110 )   Save The distribution and varieties of lacquer tree as well as production and sales of raw lacquer were introduced. Then it was focused on overview of the chemical composition, structure features,extraction and separation methods as well as biological activities and applications of raw lacquer, lacquer polysaccharides, laccases, glycoproteins, lacquer wax(oil), etc. The present problems and ideas on development of lacquer trees were put forward. Related Articles | Metrics

研究报告

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Study on Content of Toosendanin in Extracts from Bark, Fruit and Leaves of Melia azedarach CHEN Han;LIU Yue-rong;MU Da-qing;YE Li-yi;WANG Hong-tao 2009, 29 (S1):  174-178.  Abstract ( 698 )   PDF (801KB) ( 660 )   Save Contents of toosendanin in extracts from bark, fruit and leaves of Melia azedarach under different process conditions and methods were studied. The optimum conditions of ethanol extraction were as follows:ratio of liquor to material 20:1, extraction time 5 h for twice. The research measured toosendanin contents in bark,fruit and leaves of 17 domestic M.azedarach provenances, to select excellent provenances, and gained excellent plants with toosendanin content of 1.3 times more than the average. This study provided basis for selection of improved varieties and directive breeding. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of TiO2/C Photocatalyst and Its Performance for Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene LU Xin-cheng;JIANG Jian-chun;SUN Kang 2009, 29 (S1):  54-58.  Abstract ( 507 )   PDF (1198KB) ( 731 )   Save TiO2-sol prepared by sol-gel method was supported on different kinds of porous carbon grains by impregnation followed by high-temperature activation to obtain TiO2/C photocatalyst. The TiO2/C photocatalyst was characterized by XRD,SEM and FT-IR. The influence of conditions and different kinds of carbon grains were investigated in the degeneration of toluene. The results showed that TiO2/C photocatalyst had the effect for photocatalytic degradation of toluene under ultraviolet irradiation;TiO2/AC photocatalyst supported by coconut activated carbon had high degradation rate for toluene up to 72% and possessed persistent degradation-stability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Antioxidation Property of Ethanol Extracts from Bark of Larix gmelini WANG Jing;LI Shu-jun 2009, 29 (S1):  143-148.  Abstract ( 626 )   PDF (1041KB) ( 694 )   Save Bark of Larix gmelini was extracted twice with ethanol and the extracts were seperated by column chromatography (CC). The total phenol content and procyanidins content of the extracts and fractions were determined. The experiments on their reducing ability by FeCl3/K3Fe(CN)6 method and antioxidation ability by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were performed. The result showed that, for the first extract, its yield was 13.68% and its total phenol content was 58.60%. The procyanidins accounted for 17.86% of the total phenol. For the second extract, its yield was 11.91% and its total phenol content was 29.02%. The procyanidins accounted for 11.21% of the total phenol. The ability of reducing Fe3+ of all samples are positively correlated with their total phenol concentration and proanthocyanidins concentration. All samples had good ability of eliminating DPPH radicals. The first extract worked quickly while the second extract did slowly but lasted longer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Regeneration of the Deactivated Catalyst Ni/Al2O3-MxOy Used for Hydrogenation of Gum Rosin JIANG Li-hong;WANG Ya-ming;SHI Xiao-jie 2009, 29 (S1):  159-164.  Abstract ( 571 )   PDF (828KB) ( 516 )   Save Aiming at the causes for deactivation of Ni/Al2O3-MxOy catalyst used for hydrogenation of gum rosin, the regeneration methods of the catalyst were studied. The appropriate conditions were as follows:the deactivated catalyst was calcined for 3h at 550℃, followed by impregnation with 10% nickel nitrate solution, then calcined for 3h at 500℃, and reduced by hydrogenation for 2h at 450℃. The catalytic properties of the regenerated catalyst was close to the fresh catalyst. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Pretreatment by New AU-Xylanase on Bleachability of Poplar Kraft Pulp YANG Gui-hua;WANG Zhi-yan;CHEN Jia-chuan;CHEN Ke-fu 2009, 29 (S1):  133-137.  Abstract ( 623 )   PDF (831KB) ( 561 )   Save The effects of AU xylanases pretreatment on bleachability of poplar kraft pulp were studied. The results showed that AU xylanases were suitable for the bleaching pretreatment of poplar kraft pulp. The resulting brightness of AU-1 xylanase-treated pulp was 78.1% (ISO, same as in following) under the optimum pretreatment conditions of temperature 75℃, 10 IU/g(as oven dry pulp), and pH value 7.0, 1.8 percentage point higher than that of the non-pretreated pulp. For AU-2 xylanase pretreatment, the optimal conditions were 90℃, 10 IU/g and pH value 8.0, on which the resulting brightness of the treated pulp reached 77.6%, an increase of 1.1 percentage point, compared with that of non-pretreated pulp. The resulting brightness of AU-3 xylanase-pretreated pulp was 78.9 using pretreatment temperature 70℃, dosage of AU-3 xylanase 10 IU/g and pH value 8.0, respectively, and an increase of 2.7 percentage point. Bleachability of poplar kraft pulp can be improved by AU xylanases pretreatment, and the cost of bleaching chemicals can be reduced as well. The pretreatment effectiveness of AU-3 xylanases is superior to those of AU-1 and AU-2 xylanases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Immobilization of β-Galactosidase on Carboxymethyl Cellulose-chitosan Polyelectrolyte Complex ZHANG Rui;CHEN Zhen-ning;FANG Gui-zhen;MA Ying-mei;DAI Xiao-feng 2009, 29 (S1):  138-142,.  Abstract ( 648 )   PDF (1156KB) ( 659 )   Save β-Galactosidase was immobilized on carboxymethyl collulose-chitosan (CMC-CS) polyelectrolyte complex with glutaraldehyde by crosslinking reaction. The immobilization conditions and characterization of the immobilized enzyme were studied. The results indicated that the optimal activity was 0.023 5 U/g, when the concentrantion of glutaraldehyde was 0.5%, dosage of β-galactosidase was 1 g/L per 0.5 g CMC-CS, immobilization time and crosslinking time were 9 and 3h, respectively. The optimalreaction temperature and pH value of the immobilized enzyme were 50℃ and 7, respectively;and those of free enzyme were 30℃ and 9, respectively. The immobilized enzyme showed lower thermal stability than that of the free enzyme, because of irreversible reaction from carrier and enzyme, but pH value stability of the immobilized enzyme were better than that of the free enzyme. The immobilized β-galactosidase showed high stability when it was used repeatedly for three times. Michaelis constant (Km) of the immobilized enzyme was 0.705 1 mmol/L, which was higher than that of the free enzyme, which indicated the increased affinity of immobilized enzyme toward substrate which was beneficial to the enzymatic reaction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Purification of Fumaropimaric Acid XU Xu;SONG Zhan-qian;SHANG Shi-bin;WANG Hong-xiao 2009, 29 (S1):  69-72.  Abstract ( 841 )   PDF (734KB) ( 820 )   Save Fumaropimaric acid was prepared from rosin and fumaric acid as raw materials. Effects of the amount of fumaric acid, temperature and reaction time on the reaction were investigated. Fumaropimaric acid was purified by potassium-salt method. Experimental results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows:the amount of fumaric acid 30% of the total mass of rosin, temperature 210℃, reaction time 3h. Fumaropimaric acid was purified to 95.1%, and the yield was 93.8% by salting-out method under the above conditions. The structure of fumaropimaric acid was characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR and MS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Steam-explosion Pretreatment on Chemical Components and Cellulosic Structure of Corn Stalk CHEN Shang-xing;YONG Qiang;XU Yong;ZHU Jun-jun;YU Shi-yuan 2009, 29 (S1):  33-38.  Abstract ( 858 )   PDF (1685KB) ( 982 )   Save The effects of steam-explosion pretreatment on composition and enzymatic hydrolysis rate of solid residues for corn stalk were investigated and the fiber structure of pretreated residues were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared (IR) and X-rays diffraction spectrum methods. There was no significant difference in cellulose content. Hemicellulose was largely degraded, and a portion of lignin was also solubilized. The digestibility of solid residues after steam explosion increased with the increase of steaming pressure and residence time. When an enzyme loading of cellulase 20 FPIU/g of cellulose was applied and hydrolyzed for 72h, the highest enzymatic hydrolysis yield 75.76% was obtained when corn stalk was pretreated at 1.6 MPa for 9 min. The results indicated that fiber surface and cellular wall of corn stalk are broken in various extents, such as the increasing of specific surface area and pore volume, the decreasing of crystallinity of cellulose, which are favorable to increase the enzymatic hydrolysis rate. Steam explosion is one of the effective pretreatment methods for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Modification and Properties of Polyether-type Waterborne Polyurethane Emulsion JIANG Hong-quan;SONG Zhan-qian;SHANG Shi-bin;YIN Yan-bai 2009, 29 (S1):  39-42.  Abstract ( 774 )   PDF (785KB) ( 594 )   Save The stable waterborne polyurethane(WPU) was prepared using toluene diisocyanate(TDI), polyether polyol(N210) and dimethylolpropionic acid(DMPA) as main raw materials and castor oil(C.O.) as crosslinking agent. The effects of NCO/OH molar ratio, doses of DMPA and C.O. on water-resistance, stability and mechanical properties of the waterborne polyurethane were studied. The results showed that modified WPU possessed good stability. Suitable amount of C.O. improved tensile strength and water-resistance of the film. The comprehensive property of WPU was excellent when mass ratio of C.O./polyether was 3:7,DMPA mass fraction was 5%, NCO/OH ratio was 1.3. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Corrosion Inhibition of Machilus yunnanensis Lec Leaves Extracts for Steel in Hydrochloric Acid DENG Shu-duan;LI Xiang-hong;FU Hui;SUN You-li 2009, 29 (S1):  117-120,.  Abstract ( 557 )   PDF (1006KB) ( 609 )   Save The extracts from Machilus yunnanensis Lec leaves can be used as an excellent environmental-friendly corrosion inhibitor of metals. The inhibition effect of the extractive on corrosion of cold-rolled steel (CRS) in 1.0 mol/L HCl has been studied by weight loss method. The results show that the M.yunnanensis leaves extract is a good corrosion inhibitor in hydrochloric acid for CRS, and the adsorption of inhibitor on CRS surface follows the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation. Adsorption heat ΔH and apparent activation energy Ea were calculated from Van't Hoff and Arrhenius equations and the mechanism of corrosion inhibition is discussed in detail according to the parameters. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Tributyl Citrate Using S2O82--loaded Solid Superacid as Catalyst CHEN Jie;JIANG Jian-chun;XU Jun-ming 2009, 29 (S1):  64-68.  Abstract ( 606 )   PDF (1171KB) ( 560 )   Save Solid superacid catalysts from mesoporous zirconium and titanium oxides were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, on which surface S2O82- was introduced by impregnation method. Esterification between ethanol and acetic acid was used as model reaction for examining the catalytic activities of different solid acids. The optimum reaction condition is as follows:impregnating M-ZrO2 with 2.5 mol/L (NH4)2S2O8>, and then calcined at 550℃ for 3h. The conversion of acetic acid is up to 51.4%. Tributyl citrate was prepared using S2O82-/ZrO2 as catalyst, the carboxylic conversion of product was 98.87% with 99% purity. After easily separated from the products the solid acid catalyst could be reused 3 times without any disposal. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Thermal Transformations of Lignin under Curie-point Pyrolysis-GC-MS Conditions LIU Jun-li;JIANG Jian-chun;HUANG Hai-tao 2009, 29 (S1):  1-6,11.  Abstract ( 640 )   PDF (1371KB) ( 982 )   Save The influence of temperature on the relative content of pyrolysis products obtained by Curie-point pyrolysis from alkali-lignin,which was considered as the model compound of lignin, was investigated by Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy(CP-GC-MS). The results showed that phenolic compounds up to GC content 60% were prepared by the Curie-point pyrolysis of lignin. The process of Curie-point lignin pyrolysis could be divided into three areas. In the area of less than 300℃, lignin was pyrolyzed into phenolic compounds mostly made up of guaiacol-unit. In the area between 300℃ and 360℃, GC content of phenolic compounds were improved greatly with the enhancement of pyrolysis temperature. Guaiacol-unit compounds reached to 90% of phenolic compounds. In the area of more than 360℃, the GC content of phenolic compounds kept to about 60%, while the GC content of guaiacol-unit compounds was reduced with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, because guaiacol-unit was broken to form other phenolic compounds and small molecular substances, such as methyl alcohol. Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermochemical Analysis for Dehydrogenation of Industrial Dipentene to Form p-Cymene ZHANG Qiu-ge;BI Liang-wu;ZHAO Zhen-dong;LI Dong-mei;GU Yan;WANG Jing;BO Cai-ying;CHEN Yu-xiang;LIU Xian-zhang 2009, 29 (S1):  17-22,2.  Abstract ( 712 )   PDF (909KB) ( 800 )   Save The standard enthalpy of formation, standard entropy and isobaric capacity of different reactants and products during the dehydrogenation of industrial dipentene to form p-cymene were calculated by Benson's methods of bond contribution and group contribution. Standard enthalpy change (ΔrH°m), standard entropy change(ΔrS°m), standard Gibbs' free energy change(ΔrG°m), equilibrium constant(K) and the relationships between various thermodynamic data of dehydrogenation of different reactants with temperature were obtained through thermochemical calculation. The comprehensive enthalpy change and comprehensive Gibbs' free energy change of dehydrogenation of industrial dipentene to form p-cymene at 553-583 K were -21.26 to -21.33 kJ/mol and -118.11 to -123.39 kJ/mol, respectively. The study could provide a theoretical thermodynamic base for industrial development of preparing p-cymene from industrial dipentene by dehydrogenation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Properties of Nanocomposite Films Composed of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Polyvinyl Alcohol WANG Dan;LIU He;SHANG Shi-bin;SONG Zhan-qian 2009, 29 (S1):  43-46.  Abstract ( 683 )   PDF (726KB) ( 1095 )   Save Nanocomposite films were prepared from a suspension of cellulose nanocrystals as filler and polyvinyl alcohol as polymeric matrix. After the suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals and polyvinyl alcohol were mixed homogeneously, nanocomposite films were obtained by casting and evaporating. The morphology and structure of cellulose nanocrystals and the properties of nanocomposite films affected by cellulose content were characterized and analyzed. The rod-liked cellulose nanocrystals were about 20 nm in diameter and 200 nm in length. The nanocomposite films were uniform and stable, and showed an increase in thermal stability and tensile strength with an increase of the fillers content. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Standardization of Dried Leaves of Rosemary for Production of Essential Oil and Antioxidant BI Liang-wu;ZHAO Zhen-dong;ZHANG Qiu-ge;LIU Xian-zhang;BO Cai-ying;LI Dong-mei;GU Yan;WANG Jing;LI Da-wei 2009, 29 (S1):  12-16.  Abstract ( 688 )   PDF (806KB) ( 643 )   Save Standardization of dried leaves of rosmary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) was studied to establish a professional standard according to the requirement of rosmary processing industry. The standard specified terms and definition, technical requirements, sampling, testing method, packing, marking, storage and transportation. The technical requirements included items such as:appearance, odour and flavour, content of broken stems and branches of rosemary, content of brown leaves of rosemary, content of extraneous matter, moisture content, total ash, ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid, volatile oil content and extract soluble in ethanol. The standard could be used for dried leaves of rosmary obtained by different drying methods. The standard will be acted as a basis for quality evaluation and trading of dried rosemary leaves as raw material for production of essential oil and antioxidant. It is suggested to set three grades of dried rosemary leaves, namely:excellent grade, the first grade, and the second grade according to the testing results of rosemary samples. The value ranges of technical parameters for three grades of dried rosemary leaves were also specified. Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Gallnut Tannin and Beer Brewing ZHANG Zong-he;ZHONG Chong-mao;HUANG Jia-ling;QIN Qing;XU Hao;TAO Lin 2009, 29 (S1):  7-11.  Abstract ( 800 )   PDF (870KB) ( 608 )   Save Tannin is an integral part of beer.Its existence affects the flavor and colloidal stability of beer. Addition of vegetable tannin has become one of the traditional crafts in beer brewing. Longyuan 99A Tannins are made from Chines gallnut. Purification,separation and other high-tech are used to create Longyuan 99A as a natural food additive. It has the characteristics of high content of tannin(≥99.5%),low content of gallic acid(≤0.12%),light color(Lovibond value≤1.0),low ignition residue(≤0.02%)and good cold-solubility. In the application of beer production,it has achieved remarkable results. It is an ideal choice for beer brewing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Antibacterial Activity of Saponins from Gleditsia sinensis and Camellia PENG Qian;XU Rong;YIN Ning;JIANG Jian-xin;ZHU Li-wei 2009, 29 (S1):  203-206.  Abstract ( 782 )   PDF (689KB) ( 701 )   Save Antibacterial properties of gleditsia saponin and camellia saponin were tested with continuous dilution method. The results showed that gleditschia saponin had some antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli(CGMCC 1.3313) and Staphylococcus aureus(CGMCC 1.2465) when the concentration is between 16 and 64 g/L. It had shown the strongest inhibitory effects against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CICC 1855) with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 32 g/L. However, it had not any antibacterial activity against Aspergillus niger(ACCC 30557) even at high concentration. In comparison with gleditschia saponin, the antibacterial activities of camellia saponin has shown the strongest inhibitory effects against S.cerevisiae with minimal inhibitory concentration of 16 g/L and its antibacterial properties against bacterial and A.niger was the same as that of gleditschia saponin. It is feasible to use gleditschia saponin as a natural anti-bacterial additive in food industry and others after further safety evaluation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Refined Pine-needles Phytosterols from Pinus massoniana Lamb.and Analysis by GC-MS ZHENG Guang-yao;SONG Qiang;ZHOU Wei-chun;DU Juan 2009, 29 (S1):  210-212.  Abstract ( 583 )   PDF (611KB) ( 580 )   Save The crude extract of pine-needles phytosterols, which was the by-product of polyprenols production from pine needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb., was purified by solvent crystallization, and was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that from the purified phytosterols of pine needles six kinds of phytosterols were isolated and identified, which were β-sitosterol 89.32%, stigmastanol 5.07%, campesterol 3.90%, stigmast-7-en-3-ol 0.42%, ergostanol 0.35%, stigmast-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol 0.25%, the identified compounds accounted for 99.31% of total content. Related Articles | Metrics

综述评论

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Progress of Chemical Modification of Lignin and Its Application in Synthetic Resins HUO Shu-ping;KONG Zhen-wu 2009, 29 (S1):  213-218.  Abstract ( 821 )   PDF (982KB) ( 1610 )   Save Chemical modification methods of lignin and its applications in synthetic resins were reviewed. Lignin is a kind of environment-friendly biomass renewable material. It could be modified by chemical methods, such as sulfonation, methylolation, phenolation, oxidation, amination, graft copolymerization, demethylation, etc. Modified lignin had been widely applied in synthetic resin materials including urea formaldehyde resin, phenol formaldehyde resin, polyurethane, epoxy resin, ion exchange resin, etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Drying Technology in Natural Pigment Processing LIU Wei;HUANG Li-xin 2009, 29 (S1):  219-224.  Abstract ( 544 )   PDF (1181KB) ( 1029 )   Save The processing of natural pigment and the problems during processing such as oxidation and decomposition are discussed. It is found that drying is an efficient way to extend the shelf life of pigment, increase the color value per unit, and reduce oxidation and decomposition during processing. Microwave drying,spray drying and vacuum freeze-drying are mainly used in drying natural pigment. Analysis showed that low-temperature vacuum drying is the most suitable way for natural pigment drying. The mechanism of low-temperature vacuum drying and drying models are investigated, too. It is prospected that low-temperature vacuum drying of natural pigment should have a wide application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Extraction,Purification and Content Determination of Plant Polysaccharides ZHANG Sheng;LI Xiang-zhou;WU Zhi-ping;KUANG Chun-tao 2009, 29 (S1):  238-242.  Abstract ( 688 )   PDF (984KB) ( 1065 )   Save The research progress on extraction, purification and content determination of plant polysaccharides were reviewed. Extraction methods such as solvent extraction, enzyme extraction, microwave and ultrasound-assisted extractions were summarized. The separation and purification methods were discussed, including membrane separation, organic solvent extraction, column chromatography, etc.The principle and application of content determination methods covering phenol-sulphuric acid method, anthrone-sulphuric acid method, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid(DNS) method, carbazole-sulfuric acid colorimetric method, HPGPC method, etc. were also reviewed. The study on the extraction, separation and determination of plant polysaccharides will establish the basis of further research of plant polysaccharide's molecular structure and provide references for the exploitation of related industrial products. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Chemical Structure and Separation of Theasaponin from Camellia oleifera Abel ZHOU Hao;WANG Cheng-zhang;CHEN Hong-xia;GONG Kun 2009, 29 (S1):  233-237.  Abstract ( 744 )   PDF (1075KB) ( 892 )   Save Theasaponin from Camellia oleifera Abel is a kind of excellent surfactant and flame retardant. It has the functions of hemolysis, sterilization, insecticide, anti-inflammatory, analgesis and anticancer. Additionally it can promote plant growth. It has been widely used in building materials, daily-used chemical, textile, biological pesticide, livestock and poultry feed and food industry. The domestic and foreign researches on chemical structure, separation and purification of theasaponin from C.oleifera has been summarized. The problems at present and the research trends in the future have been putforward to provide basis for chemistry and processing of theasaponin from C.oleifera and promote further development and utilization of theasaponin from C.oleifera. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on Preparation and Application of Decolorized Terpene Resin WANG Jing;ZHAO Zhen-dong;LI Dong-mei;BI Liang-wu;CHEN Yu-xiang 2009, 29 (S1):  243-246.  Abstract ( 639 )   PDF (825KB) ( 679 )   Save Decolorized terpene resin is a kind of high-qualified product that belongs to terpenoid derivatives possessing good specifications and wide application fields. The highest color-grade of this resin is colorless, the second is water-white, and the third is light color or pale yellow. Preparation processes of some commonly-used decolorized terpene resins were reviewed, which were mainly hydrogenation and chemical decolorization. The high-qualified decolorized terpene resins may be used as a major component in traditional fields such as plastics, printing inks, paintings, adhesives and so on. It may also be used in the fields such as information technology (IT), electronic products , food processing, pharmaceutical industry, and health goods because it is natural, innocuous, of no minus effect, stable, as well as aging-resistant. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Hydrogen-rich Gas Production from Biomass by Thermo-chemical Process LI Lin-na;YING Hao 2009, 29 (S1):  247-254.  Abstract ( 559 )   PDF (1361KB) ( 966 )   Save Hydrogen is a kind of clean secondary energy and biomass can be used as an important source of hydrogen. Biomass thermo-chemical conversion technology of hydrogen-rich gas production is an important way for the development and utilization of biomass energy. Gasification is one of the most mature thermo-chemical technologies,and is also considered one of the most promising route to produce hydrogen-rich gas. Starting from the characteristics of thermo-chemical conversion, the methods of catalytic gasification and supercritical water gasification were compared and analysed. The current domestic and home research progress and problems were reviewed. It also looked forward the prospects of thermo-chemical conversion technologies in China,at the same time research directions and development trends were suggested. Related Articles | Metrics

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Introduction and Cultivation of Peruvian Ginseng(Lepidium meyenii Walp.)and Its Chemical Utilization in China ZHENG Hua;ZHANG Hong;GAN Jin;XU Long-feng;ZHANG Zhong-he;FENG Ying 2009, 29 (S1):  255-259.  Abstract ( 614 )   PDF (1081KB) ( 894 )   Save Theoretical studies and practical activities on the introduction and cultivation of Peruvian ginseng (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) in China were summarized. The advances on extracting, isolation, processing and utilization of its dominant chemical constituents and special functional substances were comprehensively cited. Related Articles | Metrics

论文摘要

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Synthesis of A Novel Dimeric Acid by Diels-Alder Reaction between Industrial Fatty Acid and Rosin YANG Xiao-hua;HUANG Kun;LIAN Jian-wei;XIA Jian-ling 2009, 29 (S1):  260-260.  Abstract ( 745 )   PDF (177KB) ( 518 )   Save A novel dimeric acid was synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction between industrial fatty acid and rosin. The contents of monormer, dimer and trimer were detected by high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC). The effects of influencing factors such as rosin-fatty acid ratio, catalyst, reaction temperature, reaction time and reaction pressure on the content and properties of product were investigated. The result showed that the optimum conditions were as follows:rosin-fatty acid ratio 1:19, reaction temperature 250℃, reaction time 6 h and reaction pressure 0.6 MPa. Dimeric acids of 53.7% can be obtained in the product by using self-made catalyst. The viscosity of product is 300 mPa·s at 40℃ and acid value of the product is 189.9 mg/g. The product was characterized by infared spectroscopy (IR). Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Bleached Chemimechanical Pulps from Poplar-wood Processing Residues for Making Munken Paper DENG Yong-jun;FANG Gui-gan;HAN Shan-ming;JIAO Jian;LI Hong-bin;LI Ping;LIANG Fang-min;HU Jian-ming 2009, 29 (S1):  262-262.  Abstract ( 611 )   PDF (200KB) ( 500 )   Save Pulping properties of bleached chemimechanical pulps from poplar-wood processing residues and properties of Munken paper made from this pulp as blend were investigated. Results show that the optimized conditions were as follows:the dosages of H2O25.0% and NaOH 4.5% .Under these conditions the brightness level of the bleached chemimechanical pulps was 78%(ISO). At the freeness level of 100 mL(CSF), pulps bulkiness and tensile strength of the pulp could reach 2.1 cm3/g and 38 N·m/g, respectively. Munken paper products were manufactured by using this pulp blended with 10%-20% soft bleached kraft pulp. The quality of Munken paper could meet the requirements of the standard(QB/T 2809-2006). Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Liquefaction of Poplar Wood Catalyzed by Methanesulfonic Acid JIAO Jian;FANG Gui-gan;KONG Zhen-wu;HAO Ming-xian;ZHANG Ran;ZHAO Le-hu 2009, 29 (S1):  263-263.  Abstract ( 508 )   PDF (188KB) ( 482 )   Save The influences of benzylation pretreatment on the properties of products from poplar wood liquefaction catalyzed by methanesulfonic acid were studied. It was found that at the methanesulfonic acid dosage of 20%(of wood meal), the liquefaction yields of both original and benzylated wood meals were 97%. However, when the dosage of methanesulfonic acid was over 20%, and the yields decreased, but the decrease of liquefaction yield of benzylated wood meal was slower. After benzylation, benzene structure in the liquefaction product increased which inhibits the repolymerization of liquefaction product when catalyst was overdosed, also average molecular weight of liquefaction product was reduced simultaneously, and liquefaction was performed more completely. This has great significance for further utilization of wood liquefaction product. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Extraction of Curcuminoids by Multi-indexes Comprehensive Evaluation Method KUANG Chun-tao;LI Xiang-zhou;ZHANG Sheng;XUE Hai-peng;WU Xue 2009, 29 (S1):  264-264.  Abstract ( 552 )   PDF (178KB) ( 491 )   Save There are many antixoidants in curcuminoids, such as curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Based on orthogonal experiments, the effects of extraction temperature, volume fraction of ethanol, extraction time and solid-liquid ratio on yield of curcuminoids, scavenging rates of DPPH·and·OH have been investigated by multi-indexes comprehensive method. The optimum conditions are as follows:extraction temperature 80℃, volume fraction of ethanol 90%, extraction time 1.5 h and solid-liquid ratio 1:8. Under the conditions, the yield of curcuminoids is 4.37%, and the scavenging rates of DPPH·and·OH are 8.58% and 20.87%, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

研究报告

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Thermal Analysis on the Combustion Characteristics of Seven Kinds of Biomass Charcoals ZHUANG Xiao-wei;CHEN Shun-wei;ZHANG Tao-yuan;PAN Xin;JIANG Ying-ti;BAI Ming-e 2009, 29 (S1):  169-173,.  Abstract ( 956 )   PDF (1118KB) ( 1167 )   Save TG-DTG-DSC thermal analysis technology was applied to study the combustion characteristics of 7 kinds of biomass charcoals, namely:sasanqua-epicarp charcoal, chestnut-epicarp charcoal, kiskatom-epicarp charcoal, fir-wood charcoal, pine-wood charcoal, straw charcoal and bamboo charcoal. Results of research on TG,DTG,DSC curves of 7 kinds of biomass charcoals show that the initial mass-loss temperatures of sasanqua-epicarp charcoal, chestnut-epicarp charcoal, kiskatom-epicarp charcoal are lower than other biomass charcoals, and peak-appearing time of DTG and DSC curves of these three biomass charcoal are also earlier, while the value of maximal heat-release of these three biomass charcoals are relatively low. Results of study on parameters of combustion characteristics of all biomass charcoals show that sasanqua-epicarp charcoal, chestnut-epicarp charcoal, straw-charcoal and kiskatom-epicarp charcoal have lower ignition temperature, which are 351.8, 356.7, 375.3, 392.6℃ respectively. There are slight difference on parameters of maximum rate of combustion and flammability index among all kinds biomass charcoals. The difference in value between burn-out residue and burning residue is different in seven kinds of biomass charcoals. Kiskatom-epicarp charcoal has the biggest difference in value of 14.91%. Pine charcoal has the minimum difference in value of 0.99%. Based on thermo physical and chemical characteristics of 7 kinds biomass charcoals it was shown that fir-wood charcoal, pine-wood charcoal and bamboo charcoal are suitable as basic charcoal, while sasanqua-epicarp charcoal, chestnut-epicarp charcoal and kiskatom-epicarp charcoal are suitable as auxiliary combustion-additives. Related Articles | Metrics