Table of Content

30 August 2009, Volume 29 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

研究报告

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Crosslinking Reaction and Properties of Two-component Waterborne Polyurethane from Cationic Polyols Based on Hydrogenated Terpinene-maleic Ester Type Epoxy Resin WU Guo-min;KONG Zhen-wu;HUANG Huan;CHEN Jian;CHU Fu-xiang 2009, 29 (4):  1-5.  Abstract ( 741 )   PDF (934KB) ( 555 )   Save A two-component waterborne polyurethane (2-K WPU) was prepared by mixing the cationic polyol fromhydrogenated terpinene-maleic ester type epoxy resin with polyisocyanate (EC385). It was shown by nanoparticle-size analysis that EC385 could be well dispersed by the cationic polyol. Proper operating viscosity was obtained using 2-K WPU with solid content between 30% and 32%. It was indicated by FT-IR that crosslinking reaction of cationic polyol with EC385 could be completed in 5h at room temperature (25℃). The crosslinked producthad excellent properties of flexibility, adhesion, impact strength, water-resistance, alkali resistance, stain resistance and blocking resistance by standard tests. Its pencilhardness and ethanol resistance could be increased by using diethylene glycol or 1, 4-butanediol as chain-extender with increased molar ratio of isocyanato group(—NCO) tohydroxyl group(—OH). Related Articles | Metrics

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Antioxidation in vitro of Flavonoids from Frutus aurantii immatures XIE Zhen-jian;JIAO Shi-rong;TANG Peng-cheng 2009, 29 (4):  33-36.  Abstract ( 631 )   PDF (807KB) ( 705 )   Save Deffatted dry powder of Frutus aurantii was extracted with 70% ethanol under microwave irradiation at the ratio of solvent to material 40:1, microwave power 385 W, and extracting time 1.5 min. The crude extract was obtained after the solution was filtered, concentrated and dried. The purified extract was obtained using D101 macroporous resin, then concentrated and dried. The content of flavonoids was detected by HPLC. The scavenging activities of the crude extract, the purified extract and flavonoids towardhydroxyl free radical (·OH), DPPH free radical (DPPH·) and superoxide anion free radical (·O2-) were analyzed. The results showed that extracts and flavonoids possessed the dosage effects on scavenging ·OH, DPPH·and ·O2-. The extracts from Frutus aurantii immaturus possess quite strong antioxidative activities. There are some synergistic effects among the monomers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Separation and GC-MS Analysis of Low-molecular-weight Phenolic Compounds from Black Liquor of Eucalyptus urophylla Kraft Pulping LUO Xiao-lin;ZHAN Huai-yu;FU Shi-yu;ZHAN Yao 2009, 29 (4):  53-58.  Abstract ( 631 )   PDF (864KB) ( 679 )   Save Three methods, namely extraction at constant pH value, alternative extraction using organic and inorganic solvents, and sequential extraction at different pH value, were adopted to separate 18 low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds from Eucalyptus urophylla kraft pulping black liquor. Using the method of sequential extraction at different pH value, i.e. sequential extraction at pH value 12, 7 and 2, total relative yield of low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds is 2 379.7 mg/L. The method not only avoids serious co-precipitation caused by the method of extraction at constant pH value, but also reduces loss of low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds caused by complicated procedures of the method of alternative extraction using organic and inorganic solvents. Moreover, co-precipitation rates of syringaldehyde, with acetosyringone (which can be used as natural mediators of laccase), and guaiacol with syringol (which can be used to synthesize polymers, phenoxyherbicides and biocides) are 38.65%, 43.31% and 12.25%, 14.81% for the method of extraction at constant pH value, but there is almost no co-precipitation for the method of sequential extraction at different pH values. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of the Extraction of Polysaccharides from Pine Needles XU Li-shan;ZHANG Ping-hua 2009, 29 (4):  73-76.  Abstract ( 600 )   PDF (679KB) ( 723 )   Save Process of extracting polysaccharides from 3 kinds of pine needleshas been studied.During the extracting process, the contents of polysaccharides of three pine needles were compared between sovents of water and ethanol.Five main factors including ratio of solid to liquid, extracting temperature, extracting time, pH value and extraction times were studied on the yield of pine needles polysaccharides. Using single factor analysis, the optimal processing conditions for water extraction of polysaccharides were obtained by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the optimum parameters were:extraction time 3h at 100℃ with 1:14 ratio of solid to liquid, and pH value 6, and the yield of polysaccharides of P.elliottii was 4.024%±0.017%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative Structure-retention Relationship of Volatile Components from Rosa banksiae Ait. YANG Shan-bin;ZHU Wan-ping;LIAO Li-min;YANG Juan;SHU Mao;XIA Zhi-ning 2009, 29 (4):  67-72.  Abstract ( 556 )   PDF (847KB) ( 726 )   Save Molecular electronegativity-distance vector (MEDV) was used to describe the chemical structure of 53 components of volatile components from Rosa banksiae Ait. Various multiple linear regression (MLR) models were created with variable screening by the stepwise multiple regression technique and statistics. The quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) models of 10 variables, 6 variables and linear retention indices (ILR) of 10, 7, 6 variables were built by MLR with the correlation coefficients (R) of molecular modeling being 0.949, 0.906, 0.906, 0.949 and 0.943, respectively. Cross-validation of the models, which contained selected vectors, were performed by leave-one-out procedure (LOO) to obtain the satisfied results with correlation coefficients(RCV) of 0.867, 0.904, 0.905, 0.901 and 0.904, respectively. The results show that the constructed models possess good estimation stability and favorable predictive ability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Carbonization of Foamed Polystyrene LI Hai-chao;ZHANG Xiao-xiang;HU Xu 2009, 29 (4):  117-120.  Abstract ( 1080 )   PDF (815KB) ( 695 )   Save Common direct pyrolysis process for foamed polystyrene(PS)produces no carbonized materials. Two-stage experiments—sulfonation followed by cabonization, were carried out to realize carbonization of foamed polystyrene. Thermoanalysis and elemental analysis were used to characterize the processes and products. The results showed that relative contents of sulfur and carbon in the aimed products increased with increase of carbonization temperature, while relative contents ofhydrogen and oxygen were on the contrary. At carbonization temperature of 600℃, the relative contents of carbon, sulfur andhydrogen were 75.34%, 9.95% and 1.52%, respectively. The yield of carbonized material was about 80%, ash content was lower than 0.1%, volatiles ranged 10.9%-12.1% and fixed carbon 87.9%-89.1%. Such carbonized material could be used as precursor for preparation of activated carbons with various potential uses. Related Articles | Metrics

综述评论

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Research and Application Progress of Plant Galactomannan Gum JIANG Jian-xin;JIAN Hong-lei;ZHU Li-wei;ZHANG Wei-ming;SUN Da-feng 2009, 29 (4):  121-126.  Abstract ( 596 )   PDF (1043KB) ( 1082 )   Save Galactomannan gum is a kind of neutral polysaccharides.The polysaccharide gum is pseudo-plastic in aqueous solution, and belongs to entanglement network type in nature.Therefore, it is widely used in many industries as thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier, adhesive and conditioner.The recent researches and applications about galactomannan gum were introduced in the respects of its structure and properties, production process, chemical modification and enzymatic modification. Related Articles | Metrics

研究报告

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Study on Extraction Technique of Yohimbine Hydrochloride from African Yohimbine Bark LI Yu-shan 2009, 29 (4):  105-109.  Abstract ( 859 )   PDF (924KB) ( 921 )   Save Central composite design and T-type correlation degree analysis was used for optimizing the extraction technique of yohimbinehydrochloride from African yohimbine bark. Based on single-factor experiment, three independent variables, namely:fraction ratio of ethanol, extracting time and solvent-solid ratio, were selected as affecting factors during extraction. The experiments were arranged according to central composite design and T-type correlation degree analysis.The results showed that the main factors affecting the yield of yohimbinehydrochloride were in sequence as follows:ethanol volume fraction＞extracting time＞solvent-solid ratio. The optimum technological conditions were as follows:ethanol volume fraction 90%(pH value 9), 3 times of reluxing extraction for 2.5, 2.0 and 1.5h, at solvent-solid ratio 10:1, 8:1, 6:1(mL:g) respectively. The yield of yohimbinehydrochloride was 8.76% and the content of yohimbinehydrochloride was 8.45%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of NMR Spectra on Liquefied Products from Salix psammophila and Caragana intermedia Woods HUANG Jin-tian;GAO Guan-hui 2009, 29 (4):  101-104.  Abstract ( 609 )   PDF (876KB) ( 594 )   Save The wood meals of Salix psammophila, Caragana intermedia are liquefied with phenol respectively using sulfuric acid as catalyst inheated oil bath. The liquefied resultants of S.psammophila and C.intermedia are measured and analyzed comparatively by NMR spectra. The results show:during liquefaction of S.psammophila and C.intermedia wood under acidic conditions, degradation and polycondensation reaction arehappened simultaneously, and the main liquefied products are β-D-glucose, coni-feryl alcohol, aromatic nucleus proton, and the guaiacyl group of lignin structure. From 1HNMR, peak areas of S.psammophila liquefied product contain more average number of protons than C.intermedia liquefaction product. In 13CNMR analysis, their chemical shift positions are similar basically, only the spectral intensity of S.psammophila liquefied product is slightly larger. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. Seed Oil with Methanol Catalyzed by A Sulfonated Cardon Solid-acid JIANG Wen-hui;WEN He-lin 2009, 29 (4):  113-116.  Abstract ( 589 )   PDF (761KB) ( 662 )   Save A sulfonated cardon solid-acid catalyst was prepared, and its characterization was studied by FT-IR spectra, elemental analysis(EA), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and thermogravimetrical analysis(TGA). The catalyst was used in transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. seed oil with methanol, and effects of various factors on transesterification were studied. The contents of TG, DG, MG and FAME were analyzed by HPLC analysis. The result showed that it was very effective for the transesterification of J. curcas seed oil with methanol catalyzed by sulfonated cardon solid-acid catalyst, and the optimum reaction condition (the ratio of methanol to oil 12:1 ) was:ratio of catalyst to J.curcas oil (mass fraction) 10%, reaction temperature 120℃, reaction time 8h, fatty acid content less than 10% in J.curcas oil, water content less than 5% in J.curcas oil. The conversion rate of transesterification was up to 95%, which was not decreasd when the catalyst was used for 10 times. Related Articles | Metrics

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Activity of Extracts from Casuarinas Barks to Scavenge Hydroxyl Free Radicals KE Jin-lian 2009, 29 (4):  97-100.  Abstract ( 591 )   PDF (821KB) ( 585 )   Save The effects of solvent and species on the constituents of the extracts from the barks of beefwood (Casuarinas) were investigated, and activities of the extracts to scavengehydroxyl free radicals were determined with phenanthroline-Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation assay. The results showed that solvents influenced greatly constituents and molecular weight distribution of the extract. The mixture of water and acetone containing 1.0% HCl(HAW) increased significantly the contents of total dry substance and polyphenols in the extract. The molecular weight of the extract from barks of C.junghuhniana by HAW was between 5×102 and 2×105. The extracts exhibited excellent scavenging activity tohydroxyl free radicals, and the scavenging rate was 81.6% at 2 g/L concentration of HAW extract. The scavenging rate tohydroxyl free radicals was affected deeply by the constituents of the extract. Related Articles | Metrics

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Purification, Identification and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Daphniphyllum angustifolium Hutch. XU Ming-feng;SHEN Lian-qing;WANG Xiang-yang;WANG Kui-wu 2009, 29 (4):  110-112.  Abstract ( 610 )   PDF (481KB) ( 584 )   Save Flavonoids from Daphniphyllum angustifolium Hutch. were studied. Four compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and pre-HPLC. They were identified to be apigenin (Ⅰ), luteolin(Ⅱ), naringin (Ⅲ), puerarin(Ⅳ) by MS and NMR, also their antioxidant activity were compared. All of them are first isolated from D.angustifolium. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Active Components from Psoralea corylifolia L. Using Response Surface Methodology MENG Qing-fan;GAO Xuan;SI Peng;WANG Zhen-zuo;ZHANG Gui-rong;TENG Li-rong 2009, 29 (4):  87-91.  Abstract ( 646 )   PDF (949KB) ( 602 )   Save Psoralen and isopsoralen are the representative active components in Psoralea corylifolia L. The total yield of them was used as the criterion for optimization of ultrasonic extraction conditions of active components from P.corylifolia. Extracting time, liquid-solid ratio and ultrasonic power were selected as casual factors. Based on single-factor experiments, three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken central composite experiment design method was applied. Total yield of psoralen and isopsoralen was used as response values. Response surface analysis methodology (RSM) was used for analysis of the results of these experiments. The optimum conditions of ultrasonic extraction were as follows:extraction time 47.5 min, liquid-solid ratio 5.6:1 (mL:g) extracting solution 20 mL, and ultrasonic power 330 W. Under these conditions, total yield of psoralen and isopsoralen was 1.043%, validation value was 1.047%, relative error was 0.384%, which demonstrated the feasibility of this method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Antioxidant Activity of Nauclea officinalis Leaf Extracts ZHANG Wei-min;XIAO Jian-xiong;FU Zhi-jian;JIANG Sheng-jun 2009, 29 (4):  82-86.  Abstract ( 558 )   PDF (935KB) ( 576 )   Save The antioxidation activities of water extracts, petroleum ether extracts, ethyl acetate extracts, chloroform extracts and n-butanol extracts of Nauclea officinalis Pierrc ex Pitard leaves and Vc were studied by usinghydrogen peroxide system, superoxide radical system, hydroxyl radical system and the method of Oyaizu for comparison. The result showed that all extracts exhibit exellent antioxidant activity; antioxidant activity of them in thehydrogen peroxide system were Vc>BE>CE>EAE>PEE>WE; antioxidant activity of them in superoxide radical system were Vc>EAE>BE>PEE>WE>CE; antioxidant activity of them inhydroxyl radical system were Vc>BE>CE>EAE>PEE>WE; raduce ability were BE>EAE>WE>CE>PEE. The five extractshave antioxidant activity, appearing a proportional relationship between effect and quantity. For different free radical system, these extractshave different free radical scavenging activity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Liquefied-lignosulfonate-based Phenol-formaldehyde Adhesive with Environmentally—Benign Property FANG Hong-xia;WU Qiang-lin;ZHANG Lei 2009, 29 (4):  92-96.  Abstract ( 644 )   PDF (997KB) ( 664 )   Save Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesive of low free PF content and low cost was synthesized. The influences of different type of adding materials, formulation and procedure for liquefaction of lignin on free PF value were discussed respectively by means of single factor experiments. Result indicated that, the optimum processing parameters was:addition of formaldehyde by three times; addition of sodiumhydroxide, by twice; weight ratio of phenol-lignin, 2:1; liquefication temperature 140℃; liquefication time 15 min; molar ratio of phenol (amount of phenol and lignin) -formaldehyde, 1:1.7. The resulted lignosulfonate-based PF(LPF) adhesivehas low contents of free phenol and aldehyde, low cost, good glue strength and long storage time. Related Articles | Metrics

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Chemical Constitution of Pinus kesiya Oleoresin from Burma ZENG Tao;YANG Li-juan;WANG A-fa 2009, 29 (4):  23-26.  Abstract ( 782 )   PDF (664KB) ( 726 )   Save Chemical constitution of Pinus kesiya oleoresin from Burma was analyzed by GC-MS.Twenty four compounds were separated and identified, which account for 94.4% of the total content. There are 5 kinds of monoterpinene with content of 41.39%, 5 kinds of sesquiterpinene with content of 11.28%, and 14 kinds of diterpinene with content of 41.73%. Compared with oleoresin of P.kesiya var.langbianensis (A.Chev.) Gaussen from Yunnan of China, the main components and contents of monoterpinenes and diterpinenes were similar, but the chemical components and contents of sesquiterpinenes were different, and β-ylangene is a characteristic component in P.kesiya oleoresin from Burma. Related Articles | Metrics

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Oxygen Delignification of Bamboo Kraft Pulp and Bleaching Effects Using Totally-chlorine-free Bleaching Sequences GAO Hui;ZHAN Huai-yu 2009, 29 (4):  41-46.  Abstract ( 627 )   PDF (847KB) ( 636 )   Save Bamboo kraft pulp with a Kappa number 25.6 was sampled, and oxygen delignification and totally-chlorine-free bleaching sequences were applied to bleach these bamboo pulp samples. By investigating pulp yield, Kappa number, viscosity, brightness of pulp, and delignification-selectivity, ithas been proven that caustic soda dosage and reaction temperature were major factors for oxygen delignification. The optimal conditions for oxygen delignification were proposed as follows:alkali dosage of 3.5% on o.d. pulp-mass, reaction temperature 85℃, oxygen pressure 0.6 MPa, and temperature retention time 80 min. Two stages of oxygen delignification were used and no washing was required between each stage. It was found that delignification efficiency and selectivity to lignin-removal were improved significantly. In addition, addinghydroquinone compounds (Oq) during oxygen delignification can improved greatly the qualities of delignified pulps such ashigher viscosity and better selectivity of delignification. The brightness levels of all bleached pulps, using OQ(PO), (O1O2)Q(PO), OQ(PO)1(PO)2 and OqQ(PO) bleaching sequences, individually, were increased up to more than 80%(ISO). Strength properties of bleached pulps using OQ(PO), (O1O2)Q(PO) or OQ(PO)1(PO)2 bleaching sequence, show insignificant differences, while tensile, tearing and burst indices of bleached pulp using OqQ(PO) bleaching sequence were remarkablyhigher than other three sequences. Related Articles | Metrics

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Purification and Properties of A Xylanase (XynA) Produced by Streptomyces sp.Z18 YAN Qiao-juan;ZHAI Qian;JIANG Zheng-qiang 2009, 29 (4):  17-22.  Abstract ( 721 )   PDF (1063KB) ( 662 )   Save A low-molecular xylanase (XynA) produced by Streptomyces sp.Z18 was purified and characterized in this study. XynA was purified by 20%-50% ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration chromatography. The denatured molecular weight of XynA was 22 ku. The optimal temperature and pH value for xylanase activity were 60℃ and 7.0, respectively. The xylanase was stable within pH value 5.0-8.0 and up to 50℃. XynA exhibitedhigh specificity toward different xylans and low or no activity toward other substrates tested. Thehydrolysis of birchwood xylan yielded mainly xylobiose and xylotriose, no xylose was detected by TLC. Therefore, XynA may be suitable for production of xylooligosaccharides. Related Articles | Metrics

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Removal of Lipid-soluble Substances from Sophora flavescens Ait. by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Prior to the Extraction of Matrine-type Alkaloids DU Ai-ling;HU Jing-hong;DU Ai-qin;ZHANG Yan-xia;JIA Yan-gao 2009, 29 (4):  11-16.  Abstract ( 650 )   PDF (434KB) ( 537 )   Save Sophora flavescens Ait. is a traditional Chinese medicine thathas been used for the treatment of various diseases for centuries. Matrine-type alkaloids are the primary active substances that can be used in medicine and pesticide. In this paper, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was used to remove lipid-soluble substances so that a cleaner sample of S.flavescens was available for extraction of matrine-type alkaloids. The recovery of lipid-soluble substances (R1) and the recovery of matrine-type alkaloids (R2) were investigated. Parameters of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), such as pressure, temperature, time and their effects were evaluated. Furthermore, a comparison between this method and the direct solvent extraction method was made, and an average of 72%higher yield of matrine-type alkaloids was obtained by the former method. Thehigh yield of matrine-type alkaloids was obtained at pressure 12-18 MPa, temperature 60-75℃ for 2h. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Preparation of Biodiesel from Waste Acidificated Oil of High-acid-value CHEN Shui-gen;JIANG Jian-chun;NIE Xiao-an;CHANG Xia 2009, 29 (4):  47-52.  Abstract ( 656 )   PDF (1129KB) ( 704 )   Save Biodiesel was prepared from waste acidificated oil ofhigh-acid-value by fore-esterification and transesterification. Fore-esterification transforms fatty acid of oil into fatty acid methyl ester(FAME) using toluene-p-sulfonic acid as catalyst. Transesterification transforms FAME into biodisel using alkali as catalyst.In the fore-esterification stage, the effects of mole ratio of alcohol to fatty acid, catalyst dose, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated. The optimum conditions for fore-esterification are optimized by orthogonal experiment. The result shows that the optimum conditions are as follow:n(alcohol):n(fatty acid)10:1, catalyst dose 3%, reaction time 150 min, reaction temperature 70℃. The reaction time is shortened 1h and the recovery of catalyst is over 90% by the two-stage esterification. The influence of acid value of oil on transesterification was investigated. The result shows that the acid value of oil used for transesterification could not be more than 4 mg/g. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Total Lipid Contents and Fatty Acids Composition of Three Species of Euphorbia in Jiangsu Province GU Zi-xia;WU Bao-cheng;WU Lin-yuan;HANG Yue-yu 2009, 29 (4):  63-66.  Abstract ( 673 )   PDF (762KB) ( 602 )   Save Total lipid contents in different tissues from three Euphorbia lathyris L.related species including E.kansuensis Prokh., E.esula L. and E.sieboldiana Morr. & Decne. were determined by Soxhlet extraction method. Relative contents and composition of fatty acids in their seed oils were analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that total lipid contents werehighest in the seeds of these three species (37.29%, 24.50% and 24.85%, respectively), lower in leaves and stems, and lowest in seed shell. E.kansuensishad good potential for development as itshigh seed oil content of 37.29%. Total contents of fatty acids (<20 carbon atoms, mainly C18-fatty acids) in their seed oils were over 90%, and even over 99% in E.kansuensis. The carbon chain length of the fatty acids was quite similar with that of the ideal biodiesel, but linolenic acid content was above 53% of total lipid, which would result it in reduced stability of the produced biodiesel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on Screening of Microbial Lipid-producing Endophytic Fungi Capable of Using Cellulose from Populus euramevicana and Its Fermentation Conditions JIANG Bao-juan;DAI Chuan-chao;TAO Jie;CHEN Xiao-li 2009, 29 (4):  27-32.  Abstract ( 713 )   PDF (1436KB) ( 661 )   Save An endophytic fungus was screened from the phloem of Populus euramevicana, which can utilize cellulose to produce lipid. It was identified as Phoma sp. Using smashed leaves of P.euramevicana as the sole carbon source, the rules of the fungus to produce microbial oil in deep-liquid fermentation was studied. On the 8th day, thehighest lipid content and filter-paper activity were 0.78 g/L and 5.67 mg/(L·min) (using glucose as substrate) respectively. Various factors were investigated and orthogonal test was used to study their effects on lipid production. The results showed that the optimum condition for producing microbial oil included:corn stalks 50 g/L, NH4NO3 3 g/L, 25℃, 150 r/min. Lipid productivity thus reached 1.12 g/L. The oils produced under this condition were studied by GC, the main components were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid, which could be used as raw materials of biodiesel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction Process and Component Analysis of Volatile Oil from Liquidambar formosana Leaves LIU Ya-min;LIU Yu-min;LI Peng-xia;GUO Ying;MA Ming 2009, 29 (4):  77-81.  Abstract ( 629 )   PDF (832KB) ( 616 )   Save To optimize the extraction process of volatile oil in Liquidambar formosana, and analyze the components of volatile oil, orthogonal experiment was conducted using volume of volatile oil as index and granularity of leaf, soaking time and extracting time as affecting factors. The oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The experiment results indicated that the optimum extraction technology condition is the following:beating without soaking and extracting for 6h. Chemical components were analyzed by GC-MS, 51 peaks were separated and 47 compounds which accounted for 98.11% of crude volatile oil were identified. The result shows, that among 47 compounds, 30 compounds are terpines, 14 compounds are aliphatics and 3 compounds are aromatics.The major constituents were β-pinene(21.18%), α-pinene(20.70%), and (E)-2-hexenal(7.64%), limonene (7.59%), β-caryophyllene(6.08%), etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Anisaldehyde from Oxidation of Anethole by Manganese Dioxide LI Zheng-qiu;HA Cheng-yong;MA Yi-jing;SHEN Min-min 2009, 29 (4):  59-62.  Abstract ( 1058 )   PDF (929KB) ( 710 )   Save Anisaldehyde was obtained from anethole oxidized by manganese ore in sulfuric acid solution. The effects of dosages of materials and water, mass fraction of sulfuric acid, and temperature on conversion of anethole were investigated. The optimum reaction conditions were as follows:n(anethole):n(MnO2):n(H2SO4) 1:4:4, mass fraction of H2SO4 30%, m(water):m(manganese ore)3:1, reaction temperature 100-105℃, reaction time 2.5h. The conversion of anethole reached 99% and the yield 62.11%. Under the optimal conditions, when the amount of anethole was enlarged to 10 times, the conversion of anethole was up to 97.59%, the yield reached 61.53%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Dye Adsorptive Characteristics of Activated Carbons from Pyrolusite-added Sewage Sludge LIU Chen;JIANG Wen-ju;WANG Juan;ZHANG Wang;TANG Zheng-guang 2009, 29 (4):  37-40.  Abstract ( 538 )   PDF (697KB) ( 634 )   Save Activated carbons were prepared from pyrolusite-added sewage sludge by ZnCl2 activation method. Batch adsorption experiments were performed by applying the activated carbons into wastewater of synthetic reactive brilliant red X-3B. The results indicated that the addition of pyrolusite could improve the adsorptive proprties of the activated carbon. The adsorbent concentration and adsorption contact time for the optimum dye-removal were 4 g/L and 90 min, respectively, while the influence of solution pH value seemed inessential. The adsorption data were better fitted to the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich model in the studied dye-adsorbent system. The increase of the maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) by above 50 mg/g demonstrated that the addition of pyrolusite improved the adsorptive characteristics of the sludge-based activated carbons by playing a catalyst role during pyrolysis and adsorption process. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Gelatin Adsorption by Dialdehyde Cellulose CHENG Fei;PAN Peng;ZHEN Wen-juan;SHAN Zhi-hua 2009, 29 (4):  6-10.  Abstract ( 696 )   PDF (861KB) ( 705 )   Save The condition of adsorbing gelatine by dialdehyde cellulose was investigated, and the adsorption product was analyzed with FT-IR spectrometry and thermogravimetry. The result shows that the optimum absorption conditions are pH value 8 and 40℃.The adsorption capacity increases with raise of time and oxidation degree, and reaches balance in 4h.The adsorption capacity is almost steady when oxidation degree is over 100%.The adsorption peaks of adsorption producthas characteristic of Schiff base in the FT-IR spectra. The initiative thermal degradation temperature rises with increase of adsorption capability. Related Articles | Metrics