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    30 September 2006, Volume 26 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
    研究报告
    Studies on Key Factors and Mechanisms Influencing the Content of Unsaponifiable Matter during Rosin Analysis
    ZHAO Zhen-dong;HE Zu-qun;LI Dong-mei;WANG Jing;BI Liang-wu;GU Yan
    2006, 26 (3):  1-5. 
    Abstract ( 692 )   PDF (962KB) ( 784 )   Save
    Key factor and mechanism influencing the content of unsaponifiable matter were investigated,during rosin analyisis using ether extraction from its soap solution. The morphological variation characteristics of resin acid, as well as titration correction of the unsaponifiable matter during rosin saponification were discussed theoretically. As results, there are the highest content of volatile matter in the unsaponifiable matter of masson pine rosin,high contents of unsaponifiable matter and volatile matter in slash pine rosin, and less contents of volatile matter in P.caribaea Morelet and P.latteri Masson rosins. The content of unsaponifiable matter becomes decreasing while drying temperature is increasing.On the contrast, acid values of the unsaponifiable matter of these 4 kinds of rosin get increasing because high drying temperature results in autoxidation of diterpene aldehydes. However, the acidity of the unsaponifiable matter would mainly originated from the ionization equilibrium between resin acid and its potassium salt. Therefore, the content of unsaponifiable matter must be corrected during rosin analysis.
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    Flavonoids from the Aerial Parts of Lonicera syringantha Maxim.
    QIAN Zheng-ming;LI Hui-jun;QI Fang-fang;HE Qing-hui;LI Ping
    2006, 26 (3):  6-8. 
    Abstract ( 573 )   PDF (481KB) ( 670 )   Save
    Flavonoids from the aerial parts of Lonicera syringantha Maxim. were studied.Five flavonoids were isolated and their structures were identified as luteolin (Ⅰ), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (Ⅱ), diosmetin (Ⅲ), diosmetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (Ⅳ), cupressuflavone (Ⅴ).All these compounds were first isolated from this species, compounds Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ were isolated from the genus Lonicera Linn. for the first time.
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    Study on Synthesis of Terpinyl Acetate Catalyzed by Phosphoric Acid /Ionic Liquid Composite
    LIU Shi-wei;YU Shi-tao;LIU Fu-sheng;XIE Cong-xia
    2006, 26 (3):  9-12. 
    Abstract ( 596 )   PDF (585KB) ( 818 )   Save
    Three kinds of H3PO4/[R mim]BF4 composite were first used to catalyze the synthesis of terpinyl acetate. H3PO4/[C4mim]BF4 and H3PO4/[C8mim]BF4 have high catalytic activities. Taking H3PO4/[C4mim]BF4 as the representative, the effects of dosage of H3PO4 catalyst, reaction temperature, molar ratio and reaction time on selectivity of terpinyl acetate were studied. Under the above conditions,mass fraction of unreacted terpineol was only 0.9%,while terpinyl acetate was 86.5% and pinene was 11% in the product. After H3PO4 /[C4 mim]BF4 was repeatedly used for seven times, the catalytic activity was comparative to the new catalytic system when some H3PO4 was supplemented.
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    Antitumor Biological Activity of Polyprenyl Phosphate from Leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. in vivo and vivo
    WANG Cheng-zhang;SHEN Zhao-bang;ZHENG Guang-yao;ZHANG Si-fang;CAO Zhi-qing;GAO Cai-xia
    2006, 26 (3):  13-16. 
    Abstract ( 639 )   PDF (677KB) ( 670 )   Save
    The researches of pharmacology of polyprenyl phosphate (PPH) from Ginkgo biloba L.on antitumor in vitro and in vivo were carried out. After extracting,separating and purifying the mixs of polyprenols (C75-C110) from leaves of G. biloba L., polyprenyl monophosphates were synthesized from polyprenols with POCl3 and triethanylamide. In contrast to 5-Fu,the antitumor activities were studied in vitro with SGC-7901,LoVo and Hela, and in vivo with mice transplanted tumors of Heps,S180 and EC Heps, S180 and EC. The pharmacologic experiments were done by various doses of PPH.Results show that PPH have the inhibition of 60%-80% against SGC-7901,LoVo and Hela in vitro at high concentration of 0.400:g/L after 72:h,and have the inhibition of 50%-65% against transplanted Heps,S180 and EC. This shows that PPH from leaves of G. biloba L. has distinct antitumor biological activity.
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    Performance of Sulfonated Amino-formaldehyde Resins on Improving Structure of Aeolian Sandy Soil
    LI Jian-fa;SONG Zhan-qian;GAO Hong
    2006, 26 (3):  17-22. 
    Abstract ( 489 )   PDF (422KB) ( 477 )   Save
    A new series of polymer material, namely sulfonated amino-formaldehyde resin (SAF) was introduced for soil amendment in this paper. Through SEM observation, it was testified that sand grains were bonded together by the resin to form large aggregates. According to results obtained, degree of sulfonation (DS) of the resin should be 14.0%-18.0%, and the dosage of melamine as amino constituent should be 20% by weight of urea, so as to achieve the best performance on improving structure of aeolian sandy soil. If SAF resin prepared in such a way was applied on sandy soil at the rate of 0.3% (by dry weight of soil), its performance on improving soil structure was similar to that of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) at the rate of 0.1%, but the material cost of SAF resin only accounted for 75% of that of PAM through cost estimation.
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    Isolation and Structural Analysis of Monoterpene Glucosides from Thyme
    LU Zhan-guo;TAKEUCHI H;LIU Xiang-yang
    2006, 26 (3):  23-26,4. 
    Abstract ( 632 )   PDF (696KB) ( 648 )   Save
    Three monoterpene glucosides were isolated from the methanol extract of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). They were identified as p-cymen-9-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside (1),5-β-D-glucopyranosylthymoquinol (2]) and 2-β-D-glucopyranosylthymoquinol (3) by 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectral evidences.Compound 1 is a novel compound,while 2 and 3 are known compounds.
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    Study on Synthesis of p-Isopropylbenzoic Acid from β-Pinene
    JIN Jian-zhong;HA Cheng-yong
    2006, 26 (3):  27-30. 
    Abstract ( 596 )   PDF (789KB) ( 679 )   Save
    p-Isopropylbenzoic acid is synthesized from β-pinene, through a three-step sequence of oxidation, ring-opening and dehydrogenation. The overall yield is 29.9%. The synthesis of the goal is a new approach. Besides, the conditions of each reaction step are studied. The dehydrogenation of dihydrocumic acid has been discussed emphatically. The optimum conditions of dehydrogenation are 7.5% Pd/C as catalyst, p-isopropylmethylbenzene as solvent, refluxing time 2 h. The yield is 89%.
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    Synthesis and Characterization of the Polymer of Rosin Allyl Alcohol Ester and Its Oxide(Ⅰ)—Synthesis of the polymer of rosin allyl alcohol ester by microwave irradiation heating method
    ZHANG Xiao-li;LEI Fu-hou;DUAN Wen-gui;LI Tong-yao;AN Xin-nan
    2006, 26 (3):  31-36. 
    Abstract ( 575 )   PDF (575KB) ( 655 )   Save
    The polymer of rosin allyl alcohol ester was synthesized by microwave irradiation heating and routine heating method. The structure of the polymer was identified by IR, UV. Softening point and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) of the polymer were measured and analyzed. Results showed the crosslinked structure of the synthesized polymer through reaction participated by the conjugated double bonds of rosin.Softening point of the polymer was above 300℃. Molecular weight of the polymers by microwave irradiation and routine method were above 29:305 and 3:910, respectively, and that of the polymer by routine method with the addition of crosslinking agent was above 9729. More double bonds were observed to be retained in the latter polymer which has poor thermal stability. Microwave assisted synthesis was a quick and convenient way to synthesize the polymer of rosin allyl alcohol ester, and the performances of the product were superior to those by routine method.
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    Studies on the Metabolites of Endophytic Fungus 3893# in Mangrove
    ZHU Feng;LIN Yong-cheng;ZHOU Shi-ning;VRIJMOED L L P
    2006, 26 (3):  37-40. 
    Abstract ( 554 )   PDF (603KB) ( 620 )   Save
    Metabolites of endophytic fungus 3893# were studied in this paper, which was isolated from mangrove at estuarine in Hongkong. Nine compounds (AI) were isolated from the fermentation liquid and the mycelium of this strain. Their structures were elucidated by spectral techniques or by comparison with authentic samples to be succinic acid(A), uracil(B), 5-methylmellein(C), cerebroside(D), glycerol monopalmitate(E), ergosterol(F), 3 β-hydroxy-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene(G), cerevisterol(H) and mannitol(I), respectively. Compounds C and D were first isolated from endophytic fungus in mangrove.
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    Optimization of Culture Conditions for Laccase Production by Trametes versicolor and Dye Decolorization by the Crude Laccase
    ZHANG Yu;HONG Feng
    2006, 26 (3):  41-46. 
    Abstract ( 620 )   PDF (1139KB) ( 805 )   Save
    Several cultural conditions for high laccase production by Trametes versicolor, including initial medium pH value, metal ions Cu2+ and Mn2+ contents, types of inducers, as well as dosage and adding time of inducers were studied and optimized. The result showed that T. versicolor suited to grow and produce laccases at pH value 3.5-5.7, and unbuffered media were able to get good laccase productivity though buffered media could get higher laccase activity. Metal ions Cu2+ and Mn2+ in the culture could remarkably increase the activity of laccases. The optimal concentration of Cu2+ was 0.008-0.08mmol/L, and the optimal concentration of Mn2+ was about0.01mmol/L, when the culture contained0.1mmol/L2,5-dimethoxyaniline. Among five usual revulsants 2,5-dimethoxyaniline was the best one. Its optimal concentration was 0.4mmol/L and it should be added during the logarithmic growth phase. Under this condition, the suitable Cu2+ concentration was 0.4mmol/L. Enzymatic characterization indicated that residual activity was 95% and 80% of the origin after 6:h maintenance at 30 and 40℃, respectively. After 1:h maintenance at 60℃, the activity was left 14% of the origin. The optimal reaction temperature of laccase was 65℃ and the optimal reaction pH value was 2.4-3. Using the crude laccase, decolorization of 20 kinds of industrial dyes in common use were studied at pH value 5 and 40℃ and 13 kinds among them could be decolorized by the enzyme.
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    Rheological Properties of Blended System of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. Gum and Xanthan Gum
    LIU Dun-hua;GU Wen-ying;TAN Hong-zhuo;ZHU Ya-dong
    2006, 26 (3):  47-50. 
    Abstract ( 605 )   PDF (768KB) ( 534 )   Save
    The rheological properties of blended system of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. gum and xanthan gum were studied. The results showed that the blended system of A. sphaerocephala gum and xanthan gum had synergistic interaction. The synergistic interaction was different with different proportions of the two gums. When the mass ratio of A. sphaerocephala gum to xanthan gum was 6:4, the synergistic interaction was the strongest. The rheological properties followed Herschel-Bulkey model and it had rheopexy. Blended gum solutions of A. sphaerocephala gum and xanthan gum exhibited typical "weak gel" properties through small strain oscillatory measurements.
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    Determination of Contents of Salidroside and Tyrosol in Rhodiola Roots by HPLC
    WANG Yang;YU Tao;YAN Xiu-feng
    2006, 26 (3):  51-54. 
    Abstract ( 677 )   PDF (660KB) ( 777 )   Save
    A method for the determination of contents of salidroside and tyrosol in Rhodiola by HPLC was established. The HPLC separation was preformed on a KYA HIQ sil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm), at flow rate 1 mL/min,with mobile phase of acetonitrile/water (1:9) and detected at wavelength 280 nm. Using uniform design, the optimal conditions for salidroside and tyrosol extraction were explored to be ultrasonically extracted by distilled water at 60℃ for 50 min.Contents of salidroside and tyrosol in Rhodiola roots were determined. Salidroside content was 2.147%, the highest in Rh. sacra from Tibet, then in Rh. crenulata and Rh. tibetica from Tibet, 1.763% and 1.271%, respectively;tyrosol content was 0.2985%,the highest in Rh. crenulata from Sichuan, then in Rh. tibetica and Rh. crenulata from Tibet, 0.2143% and 0.1836%, respectively;whereas both contents were very low in Rh. fastigiata and Rh. kirilowii from Sichuan with salidroside contents of only 0.034% and 0.003%, and tyrosol contents of 0.0164% and 0.0048%,respectively.
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    Studies on Extraction of Antioxidant from Lycium and Its Antioxidant Activities
    JIN Li-e;XIE Xian-mei;CHANG Li-ping
    2006, 26 (3):  55-58. 
    Abstract ( 654 )   PDF (1003KB) ( 762 )   Save
    The extractions of antioxidant from lycium with methods of ultrasonic wave and Soxhlet distill were compared and antioxidant activities of lycium were determined by idoimetry. The results showed that lycium contained a definite amount of anti-oxidatant whose activities are lower than those of butylated hydroxy toluene(BHT) and VC but higher than those of VE and citric acid. Maximum amount of antioxidant can be extracted using 60% ethanol solution as solvent. Ultrasonic method has shorter operating time than that of Soxhlet. The experiment for synergistic effect showed that VC and VE could intensify the antioxidant activities of ethanol extractives, and VC exhibited stronger synergistic effect than that of VE.Simultaneous use of VC and extractives from lycium, may be used to substitute the antioxidant BHT synthesized by chemical method.
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    Studies on Physical and Chemical Properties of Lignosulfonate from Dahurian Larch Bark Residue after Extraction
    WANG Zhe;LI Zhong-zheng;HE Xue-nian
    2006, 26 (3):  59-62. 
    Abstract ( 634 )   PDF (814KB) ( 601 )   Save
    The usages of bark lignosulfonate(LS) as concrete additive, surfactant and dispersant were studied. The results showed: bark LS had better performance than wood LS as additive in concrete, as surfactant and as dispersant, in which fluidity of cement paste using bark LS was 98.1% higher than that of wood LS, and drop of fluidity after 60min was only 5.6%;foaming capacity was 46.4% less than wood LS;surface tension at 1% was 48.1:mN/m;CMC and σCMC of bark LS were 0.245% and 54.5:mN/m, respectively. Meanwhile, compared with wood LS on chemical structure characteristics, bark LS had higher content of hydrophilic groups and relatively narrower Mrdistribution.
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    Technology and Mechanism of Extracting Cinnam Aldehyde from Cinnamomum cassia Presl Bark by Means of Inner Boiling
    WEI Teng-you;ZHAO Zhong-xing;HAO Rui-ran;TONG Zhang-fa
    2006, 26 (3):  63-65. 
    Abstract ( 615 )   PDF (676KB) ( 711 )   Save
    A new method of extracting cinnam aldehyde from Cinnamomum cassia Presl bark was put forward. First, C. cassia P. bark was moistened with small amount of ethanol-water, then hot-water was added, so that ethanol-water solution inside the bark was boiled and the process of extraction was strengthened. The experimental results indicated that extraction yield which was higher than that of traditional water-extraction, was 2.43%.Only 1-5min was spent in each time of extraction, which is less than that of unconventional extraction methods such as microwave method. By analyzing the effect of temperature of hot water, it was found that a sudden rise of extraction rate occurred through convection when inner solution was boiled.
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    Study on Extracting Flavonoids from Artemisia capillaris Thunb.by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
    LI Zhi-ping;;YIN Du-lin;HU Jiang-yu;SHI Ai-hua;OUYANG Yu-zhu
    2006, 26 (3):  66-68. 
    Abstract ( 596 )   PDF (576KB) ( 754 )   Save
    The technology of extracting flavonoids from Artemisia capillaries Thunb. was studied using technique of supercritical CO2 extraction. The effects of extracting factors such as extracting pressure, temperature, flux of CO2, time and cosolvent dosage, were studied using L16(45)orthogonol experiment. The type and pH value of cosolvent were studied emphatically. The flavonoid content of extracting liquid was determined by spectrophotometry using chromogenic reaction of NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH with flavonoid. The study indicates that the technique of supercritical CO2 fluid extraction is better than solvent extraction in respects of high extraction yield, high quality, and simple manipulation. The extracting yield of flavonoids is the highest at 600 mL 70% EtOH, pH value 9-10, pressure 30:MPa, 55℃, flux of CO2 20:L/h, 150min, and it is 3.875%.
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    Determining Method of DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Toona sinensis (A.Juss.) Roem. Leaves Extracts
    CHEN Cong-jin;HUANG Ke-ying;LI De-liang;WANG Xu-qiang;YUAN Shuang-shan
    2006, 26 (3):  69-72. 
    Abstract ( 843 )   PDF (788KB) ( 1057 )   Save
    A spectrophotometric method was established for determining 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)free radical scavenging activity of natural antioxidants. The evaluating criterion of DPPH free radical scavenging activity was regarded as"IC50" by determining the scavenging rate curves of rutin, quercetin,ascorbic acid and gallic acid. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of extract from Toona sinensis (A.Juss.)Roem. leaves was expressed by IC50. The condition of scavenging DPPH free radical of extracts from T. sinensis. leaves was determined by change of absorbency veriety at wavelength 517 nm after reacting DPPH with extracts. It was wavelength 517,reacting time 50 min. Under this condition, IC50 of scavenging DPPH free radical of extracts from T. sinensis leaves is 22.026.
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    Study on Ultrasonically Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Chinese Jujube
    LI Jin-wei;DING Xiao-lin
    2006, 26 (3):  73-76. 
    Abstract ( 587 )   PDF (676KB) ( 785 )   Save
    Five cultivars of Chinese jujube were analyzed to compare their chemical components. Results of tests showed that Ziziphus jujuba cv. (Jinsixiaozao)had higher content of soluble fiber and lower contents of protein and ash. The ultrasonically assisted extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Z. jujuba cv. were studied. Method of response surface regression was used to optimize the extraction under various conditions for the optimum yield and purity of polysaccharides. Analysis showed that yield and purity changed substantially with changes of extraction temperature and ultrasonic power. Optimum extraction conditions were identified to be temperature 45 to 53℃, ultrasonic power 86 to 96 W, time 20 min, stock ratio 1:20 (g:mL). FT-IR spectra analysis indicated that structural characteristics of the extractives obtained under ultrasonically assisted extraction were almost identical to those from the traditional method.
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    Study on Induction Mechanism of Cellulase Production by Two Bacilli
    YAN Hong;YANG Qian
    2006, 26 (3):  77-80. 
    Abstract ( 620 )   PDF (793KB) ( 629 )   Save
    The induction of cellulase by two bacilli was studied by measuring cellulase activities under the conditions of different carbon sources. The results indicated that cellulase could be induced by monosaccharide and disaccharide containing reducing group, while it couldn't be induced by cellulose as sole carbon source, and the expression of cellulase components was synergistic. Based on these results, the mechanism of cellulase production by two bacilli was supposed.
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    Comparative Studies on Chemical Constituents of Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils. Extracts by Steam Distillation and Supercritical CO2 Extraction
    ZENG Zhi;ZHAO Fu-chun;MENG Shao-jin
    2006, 26 (3):  81-84. 
    Abstract ( 746 )   PDF (607KB) ( 663 )   Save
    Chemical constituents of extracts from Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils.bark were studied through steam distillation, supercritical CO2extraction and GC-MS technology. The study revealed that chemical components by supercritical CO2extraction possessed less chemical constituents but higher relative contents of magnolol and honokiol than those by steam distillation. Components from M. officinalis by supercritical CO2 extraction mainly contained neolignans such as magnolol and honokiol. However,components by steam distillation were mainly sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes such as α-eudesmol, decahydro-α,α,4a-trimethyl-8-methylene-2-naphthalene-methanol.Substances by steam distillation and supercritical CO2 extraction have the common components such as copanen, caryophyllene, eudesma-4(14),11-diene, α-muurolene, 1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-naphthalene and 1,2,3,4,4A,5,6,8a-octahydro-8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalene-methanol. Except those compounds that have been reported, some compounds such as eudesma-4(14),11-diene, 1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-naphthalene, α-santalol, 4-methylene-1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1-propen-1-yl)-1-vinyl-cycloheptane, 4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pentalenone, decahydro-α,α,4a-trimethyl-8-methylene-2-naphthalenemethanol, β-panasinsene and hinesol were identified.
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    Isolation and Structural Identification of a Flavonoid from Lithocarpus polysachyus Rehd.
    XIAO Kun-fu;LIAO Xiao-feng
    2006, 26 (3):  85-87. 
    Abstract ( 560 )   PDF (602KB) ( 826 )   Save
    A white needle crystal was isolated from Lithocarpus polysachyus Rehd. leaves and purified through systematic extraction and silica gel column chromatography.It was identified to be phloretin-4'-β-D-glucoside by physicochemical identification and spectral analyses.
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    Study on Coordination Reaction of Urushiol-aldehyde Condensated Polymers with Praseodymium Chloride
    CHEN Qin-hui;LIN Jin-huo
    2006, 26 (3):  88-92. 
    Abstract ( 566 )   PDF (1323KB) ( 512 )   Save
    Coordination reactions of different urushiol-aldehyde condensated polymers (PUX1-PUX6) with PrCl3 were studied by DMTA, IR, fluorescence spectrophotometry, TG, etc. Results showed that all these polymers could react with PrCl3 in different degrees under room temperature. PUX1-PUX6 with PrCl3 were not blended physically but reacted chemically to form new chemical bonds. Oxygen was the best ligand of Pr3+. The coordinated product possessed better heat resistance, having 5%-20% less weight loss at 460℃ than the corresponding polymer.
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    Study on Cycloaddition between Terpinene and Maleic Anhydride
    LI Jian;LU Zhan-guo;LIU Ning;YOSHIHIRO Yoshimura
    2006, 26 (3):  93-96. 
    Abstract ( 729 )   PDF (892KB) ( 826 )   Save
    Diels-Alder cycloaddition between terpinene and maleic anhydride was studied.Meanwhile isomerization conversion was studied.With excessive amount of maleic anhydride,the percent conversions of isomerization were:15%,38% and:69% at temperature rangs of 65-70℃, 100-105℃ and 135-140℃, respectively.The structure of cycloaddition product was charac-terized by NMR spectra of HMBC.
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    Synthesis of n-Octyl Gallate under Microwave Irradiation
    XU Man;JIANG Ping
    2006, 26 (3):  97-99. 
    Abstract ( 656 )   PDF (582KB) ( 643 )   Save
    n-Octyl gallate was synthesized by esterification of gallic acid with n-octanol catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) under microwave irradiation. Factors affecting the yield of esterification, such as microwave irradiation power and time, molar ratio of gallic acid to catalyst and n-octanol were studied. The optimum reaction condition obtained from orthogonal experiment was as follows: molar ratio of gallic acid to n-octanol 1:12, dosage of PTSA 0.009 mol, microwave irradiation power 510 W(dosage of gallic acid 10.5 g), for 60 min. Average yield of n-octyl gallate was 92.7%.
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    Optimization on Microwave-assisted Extraction of Essential Oil from Cyperus rotundus L.
    GONG Sheng-zhao;CHENG Jiang;YANG Zhuo-ru
    2006, 26 (3):  100-104. 
    Abstract ( 716 )   PDF (514KB) ( 489 )   Save
    The applicability of microwave irradiation to assist the extraction of essential oil from Cyperus rotundus L. was investigated. The effects of extraction variables, especially solvent type, microwave power, microwave irradiation time, material-solvent mass ratio, moisture content and particle size of materials on extraction efficiency were investigated using single factor test and orthogonal method. The optimum conditions are obtaine as follows: cyclohexane as solvent, material particle size 0.28 mm, extracting twice, microwave power 450:W, irradiation time 90 s, solvent-material mass ratio 6:1. The extracted solution was concentrated under vacuum to give crude essential oil which was dissolved in ethanol and frozen at -15℃ for 48:h. The solution was then separated centrifugally and filtered to get rid of impurities. The essential oil with yield of 1.24% and purity of 97.3% was then obtained after distilling the liquor under vacuum.
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    Study on the Reaction between Sugarcane Bagasse and Succinic Anhydride
    LIU Chuan-fu;SUN Run-cang;YE Jun;REN Jun-li
    2006, 26 (3):  105-109. 
    Abstract ( 816 )   PDF (840KB) ( 680 )   Save
    Carboxylation of unprocessed sugarcane bagasse with succinic anhydride under ultrasound irradiation was studied. The effects of ultrasound-irradiating time,reaction time, reaction temperature, and anhydride dosage on the reaction were discussed. The extent of carboxylation was measured by the weight percent gain (WPG). FT-IR spectra of unmodified and carboxylated bagasse were also used to characterize the effects of experimental conditions on carboxylation. The results showed that modification of bagasse with succinic anhydride is an efficient method for preparation of products containing carboxylic groups. Increases of reaction time, anhydride dosage, and reaction temperature led to increment of WPG under given experimental conditions. A WPG of 39.4% was achieved under the condition of ultrasound-irradiation time 30 min, reaction time 60 min, succinic anhydride dosage by the ratio of anhydride to dried bagasse 1.25:1, and reaction temperature 115℃. The samples were also characterized by CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was found that during treatment of sugarcane bagasse with succinic anhydride under the conditions used, both polysaccharide and lignin participated the reaction. The crystallinity indexes of cellulose in sugarcane bagasse decreased after chemical modification.
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    Study on Optimum Process for Extracting Corosolic Acid from Eriobotrya japonica Leaves by Orthogonal Test
    CHEN Long-sheng;CAI Qun-xing;XIN Yang;CHEN Tao;DAI Ying-qi
    2006, 26 (3):  110-112. 
    Abstract ( 573 )   PDF (541KB) ( 741 )   Save
    The optimum process of extracting corosolic acid, an anti-diabetic component from Eriobotrya japonica leaves was studied. The effects of temperature, time, EtOH consistency and stock ratio on extraction yield of 4 kinds of triterpene acids were investigated by orthogonal test. The optimum extraction conditions were confirmed by the index of extraction yield of corosolic acid as follows: temperature 80℃,time 3.0:h, 80% EtOH as solvent, total stock ratio 1:14(g:mL), extracting twice.
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    综述评论
    Progress in Study of Levulinic Acid and Its Derivatives 5-Aminolevulinic Acid from Biomass
    CHEN Yu-ru;LUO Yue-jun;LI Xue-mei
    2006, 26 (3):  113-117. 
    Abstract ( 624 )   PDF (896KB) ( 655 )   Save
    The progress on chemical synthesis and biosynthesis of levulinic acid (LA) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) were discussed. The applications of 5-ALA in medicine and agriculture were elucidated. Current trends of development and future prospects are reviewed.
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    Progress on Research of New Techniques for Extraction and Analysis of Natural Pigments
    LI Xiao-yin;YUE Hong;ZHU Feng
    2006, 26 (3):  118-122. 
    Abstract ( 588 )   PDF (1062KB) ( 997 )   Save
    New techniques for extraction and analysis of natural pigments were introduced. New extraction techniques include supercritical fluid extraction, physical assistant extraction, molecular distillation and aqueous two-phase extraction. New analytical techniques are high performance liquid chromatography, high-speed countercurrent chromatography, high performance capillary electrophoresis and chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fundamental principles, characteristics and applications of new techniques were discussed, and the existing problems were pointed out. The applications and prospects of new techniques for extraction and analysis of natural pigments were explored.
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    研究简报
    Optimization of Extraction Condition of Polyphenols from Pomegranate Peel
    JIA Dong-ying;YAO Kai;TAN Wei;HE Qiang
    2006, 26 (3):  123-126. 
    Abstract ( 786 )   PDF (696KB) ( 909 )   Save
    The extraction condition of pomegranate polyphenols was optimized by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that extraction temperature, extraction time, ratio of raw material to solvent and ethanol concentration had significant influences on pomegranate polyphenol extraction, of which the ratio of raw material to solvent exhibited the greatest effect on the extraction yield. The optimum extraction condition was as follows: ratio of pomegranate peel powder to ethanol-water (20%, volume part) 1:20 at 50℃ for 1:h. Under this condition, the yield of polyphenols from pomegranate peel was 22.86% while the yield of crude extract and polyphenol content in the extract were 44.98% and 50.12%, respectively.
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    Study on Ultrasonic-assisted Solvent Extraction of Lutein from Tagetes eracta Linn.
    LI Da-jing;FANG Gui-zhen;LIU Chun-quan
    2006, 26 (3):  127-130. 
    Abstract ( 710 )   PDF (848KB) ( 795 )   Save
    The use of ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction of lutein from flower of marigold ( Tagetes erecta Linn.) under different operating conditions was studied. Influences of solvent, ratio of material to liquid, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic treatment time on the extraction yield of lutein were studied. It was found that both n-hexane and petroleum ether were good solvent forultrasonic-assisted process. Optimal ultrasonic-assisted n-hexane and petroleum ether extraction conditions for 1.000 g marigold flower powder were: 1:20(g::mL) for ratio of material to liquid, 30 min for ultrasonic time, 300 W and 400 W for ultrasonic power, and extraction rates were 93.65% and 98.77%, respectively.
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    Study on Extraction Conditions of Flavonoids from Hawthorn Leaves Assisted by Microwave
    WANG Li-juan
    2006, 26 (3):  131-134. 
    Abstract ( 592 )   PDF (842KB) ( 747 )   Save
    Fallen leaves of hawthorn(Crataegus maximowiczii Schneid.) in autumn was used as raw material to extract flavonoids by 70% ethanol as solvent after treated by microwave irradiation. Yield of flavonoids was measured by using rutin as standard substance. Extraction conditions of flavonoids from hawthorn leaves assisted by microwave were investigated through experiments. The results showed that the extraction conditions were as follows: granularity of hawthorn leaves 0.212~0.55mm, microwave irradiation power 210 W, irradiation time 15min, ratio of material to solvent 1:10, extracting for 4 times under 75℃ and 0.5:h each time. Average yield of flavonoids from hawthorn leaves was 8.38%(as rutin) and relative standard deviation was 1.14%, indicating a good repeatability. Average yield of flavonoids of extraction assisted by microwave was 1.13% higher than that of traditional method. Therefore, microwave irradiation is favorable to extraction of flavonoids from hawthorn leaves.
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