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Welcome to Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products,

Table of Content

    20 October 2005, Volume 25 Issue S1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
    专家特稿
    BIOMASS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT AND CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF FOREST PRODUCTS
    SHEN Zhao-bang
    2005, 25 (S1):  1-4. 
    Abstract ( 676 )   PDF (841KB) ( 925 )   Save
    Biomass industry is a novel industry based on the utilization of sustainable biomass feedstock to produce bio-based products and bio-energy, which is evolved under the situation of inadequate resources of the fossil fuels and global climate changes as well as environmental deterioration. The chemical processing of forest products is quite closely connected with the biomass industry in the respects of raw material, processing technology and products. It is necessary to consider the research and development work in related areas of the chemical processing of forest products from the view of development of biomass industry and enhance the construction of the discipline "chemical processing engineering of forest products" and the key laboratories of State Administration of Forestry to meet the demands of development of biomass industry.
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    THE TREND OF ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY OF FORESTRY BIOMASS IN CHINA
    JIANG Jian-chun;YING Hao
    2005, 25 (S1):  5-9. 
    Abstract ( 569 )   PDF (900KB) ( 1401 )   Save
    Biomass is an important part of renewable energy resource. Effective converson of biomass energy is the hot point in the research and industry. In this paper,the situation of forestry biomass resource,conversion technology and industrialization of bioenergy conversion in China at present were described. Also the article shows the author's expects to the development tendency of biomass energy utilization. In the near future, our country will pay more attention to support the industrialization of biomass energy conversion,mainly in the fields of biomass gasification(steamsupply,heat supply,electric power),biomass alcohol,biomass diesel oil, high-efficient combustion(heat efficiency up to 60%),etc.
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    BIOMASS RESOURCES AND FOREST CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
    SONG Zhan-qian
    2005, 25 (S1):  10-14. 
    Abstract ( 653 )   PDF (964KB) ( 995 )   Save
    The present status of forest chemical industry in China was reviewed. Replacing fossil resource with biomass is a trend of world economic development. Forest chemical industry will be expanded by chemical utilization of biomass resources.
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    研究报告
    STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE OF BAMBOO PYROLYSIS
    JIANG Jian-chun;DENG Xian-lun;ZHANG Yan-ping;SHI Yin-rui
    2005, 25 (S1):  15-18. 
    Abstract ( 724 )   PDF (900KB) ( 885 )   Save
    The characteristic feature of flash pyrolysis and conventional pyrolysis of bamboo were investigated. The operating conditions of flash pyrolysis was: temperature 500℃, residence time of volatile matter 0.76 s and heating rate 28℃/s. The yield of the liquid product was 48.5%, containing 2,6-dimethoxy phenol and 2-methoxy phenol as major constituents.The processing condition of conventional bamboo pyrolysis was: heating rate 1℃/min and temperature 500℃. The yield of liquid products including water was 30%, containing acetic acid as major constituent. In conventinal pyrolysis at temperature less than 550℃, the main pore diameters were 6.0-22.0 nm. At pyrolysis temperature 650-750℃, the main pore diameters were less than 2 nm.
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    STUDY ON NEW TECHNIQUE OF PREPARING BIODIESEL OIL FROM LAPESEED OIL
    NIE Xiao-an;JIANG Jian-chun;YANG Kai-hua;XU Qiu-yun
    2005, 25 (S1):  19-22. 
    Abstract ( 644 )   PDF (676KB) ( 737 )   Save
    The technology of preparing biodiesel oil from lapeseed oil was studied. By GC and chemical analysis, the optimum technological conditions were obtained. Through cost accounting, the economic feasibility of the synthesis route from lapeseed oil was discussed. The combustion properties of biodiesel oil from lapeseed oils were also analyzed. Results showed that this biodiesel oil has cetane number of 52.8 and sulfur content of 0.003 8%, and the main technical specifications could reach or exceed the Germany biodiesel oil standard DIN-V51606, and possessing widespread application prospect.
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    STUDY ON MECHANISM OF DECOLORIZATION OF ROSIN BY PS-10
    GAO Hong;RAO Xiao-ping;SHANG Shi-bin;WANG Xian-kai;SONG Zhan-qian
    2005, 25 (S1):  23-26. 
    Abstract ( 730 )   PDF (630KB) ( 747 )   Save
    Mechanism of decolorization of rosin by PS-10 was studied.Analysis of the product showed that color of rosin became lighter with the increase of PS-10 dosage,reaction temperature and time. Relative content of abietic-type resin acid decreased from 70.6% to 18.8%,and relative content of dehydroabietic acid and hydrogenated resin acids increased from 7.3% to 30.6% and from zero to 12.2%,respectively.It was proved that PS-10 was a catalyst responsible for disproportionation of rosin,and it was also an antioxidant responsible for decolorization of rosin. Phenolic hydroxyls and sulfur atoms exhibited their antioxidative activities synergistically. Phenolic hydroxyls could capture free radicals, while thioether could decompose peroxide.
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    THERMAL STABILITY OF BISMALEIMIDE-PHENOLIC RESIN MODIFIED BY TUNG OIL
    SHANG Shi-bin;ZHOU Yong-hong;WANG Dan;WANG Ding-xuan
    2005, 25 (S1):  27-30. 
    Abstract ( 635 )   PDF (724KB) ( 853 )   Save
    A bismaleimide (ABMI) of cheap price was made from maleic anhydride and an aliphatic diamine. A bismaleimide-phenolic resin modified by tung oil with high thermal stability was prepared from tung oil, ABMI, and a phenolic resin(PR). Effects of amounts of each component and the curing conditions were investigated. The optimum condition is: weight ratio of tung oil,ABMI and PR 1:0.3:0.2, curing temperature 180℃ and curing time 3 h.
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    STUDY ON SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF THE EFFECTIVE COMPONENTS IN SYNTHETIC PINE OIL FOR FLOTATION OF IRON ORE
    ZENG Tao;SUN Jian-hua
    2005, 25 (S1):  31-34. 
    Abstract ( 587 )   PDF (750KB) ( 628 )   Save
    Qualitative and quantitative analyses of each important component in synthetic pine oil and commercial pine oil had been carried out with GC-MS. Through the experiments on flotation with different samples,the barbotage of each component in the pine oil for flotation was revealed. Cineoles and monohydric alcohols were proved to be effective components,which showed good synergistic effect. At the ratio of their contents 0.39-1.0, flotation effect was the best, which was superior than that of commercial pine oil.
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    STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF RESIN IN GROUND PULP
    YOU Ji-xue;LIAO Jin-hua;AN Xin-nan;LI Ling-yan
    2005, 25 (S1):  35-38. 
    Abstract ( 714 )   PDF (704KB) ( 587 )   Save
    Masson's pine is the main raw material for production of ground pulp (GP) in China. Its high resin content causes resin trouble in pulping pr ocess. Treatment of ground pulp with lipase was investigated to reduce resin content of pulp. The optimum treatment conditions of pulp with lipase was researched and the effect of resin-removal was evaluated. The results indicated that the optimum treatment conditions were: pH value 6.0, temperature 70℃, pulp consistency 10%, treatment time 60 min, enzyme dosage 0.8 IU/g. Compared with the original pulp, resin content of the treated ground pulp with lipase under optimum condition decreased by 52.58% and strength of the treated pulp increased in varying degrees.
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    STUDY ON ONE-STEP PREPARATION OF FROTHER FOR MINERAL FLOTATION FROM CRUDE SULFATE TURPENTINE
    SUN Jian-hua;ZENG Tao
    2005, 25 (S1):  43-46. 
    Abstract ( 543 )   PDF (658KB) ( 570 )   Save
    Frother was synthesized with crude sulfate turpentine oil as raw materials and PS (an organic acid) as catalyst. At dosage of catalyst 20%, ratio of water to raw materials 2:1, reaction temperature 60℃ and reaction time 8 h,the content of total monohydric alcohols was 32.42% and the content of total effective fractions was 55.56%. All quality indexes and flotation capability of the frother were significantly superior to those of the marketed industrial products.
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    SYNTHESIS OF ANIONIC SURFACTANTS FROM TURPENTINE
    SHANG Shi-bin;SONG Zhan-qian;WANG Dan;GAO Hong;CAI Jie
    2005, 25 (S1):  39-42. 
    Abstract ( 574 )   PDF (788KB) ( 605 )   Save
    A series of turpentine-based anionic surfactants (TMAS) were prepared from turpentine,maleic anhydride and ethylene oxide through reactions of addition, esterification and polymerization. Effects of molar ratio of components, catalyst, reaction temperature and reaction time were discussed. FT-IR spectra of the surfactants were also studied.
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    STUDY ON PREPARATION OF DISPROPORTIONATED-ROSIN/ACRYLATE HYBRID LATEX BY MINIEMULSION POLYMERIZATION
    LIN Ming-tao;WANG Ji-fu;CHU Fu-xiang;PANG Jiu-yin;WANG Chun-peng
    2005, 25 (S1):  47-50. 
    Abstract ( 608 )   PDF (758KB) ( 635 )   Save
    Composite latex particles of disproportionated-rosin (DPR) and polyacrylates were synthesized by miniemulsion polymerization. The influences of dosage of initiator, surfactant and DPR, and the type of initiator on polymerization were studied by monitoring the conversion of monomer and variation of particle size. It was found that polymerization rate was increased with the increased dosage of initiator or surfactant; Particle size of miniemulsion was kept relatively stable during polymerization when an initiator of lower solubility was used; An increase in dosage of DPR reduced polymerization rate, but showed no significant impact on the final monomer conversion. It was also demonstrated that rosin in hybrid polymer functioned as a plasticizer to reduce glass transition temperature, which resulted in the reduction of strength and increase of elongation of polymer films.
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    PREPARATION OF MICROCAPSULES USING MODIFIED ROSIN AS A NOVEL WALL-FORMING MATERIAL
    WANG Dan;YU Gang;LIU Wen-bo;SONG Zhan-qian;SHANG Shi-bin
    2005, 25 (S1):  51-54. 
    Abstract ( 565 )   PDF (837KB) ( 792 )   Save
    Fumaropimaric acid chloride was prepared through Diels-Alder reaction and chlorination with rosin, fumaric acid and SOCl2 as raw materials. Using fumaropimaric acid as water-soluble monomer and diethylenetriamine as oil-soluble monomer, interfacial polymerization took place at the interface of two phases to produce the three-dimensional reticulate polymer wall, and oil was enveloped in microcapsules. The conditions of preparation of fumaropimaric acid chloride, emulsification, microencapsulation, and the ratio of core to coating were optimized. At the ratio of core to coating 7:1, emulgator dosage 6%, and stirring speed 3 000 r/min for emulsification and 800 r/min for microencapsulation, the embedding rate and embedding degree of microcapsules were 85.4% and 74.7%, respectively.
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    STUDY ON ENZYME-PRODUCING PROPERTY OF HYPERTHERMIA MICROORGANISM IN LIGNOCELLULOSE BIODEGRADATION
    LUO Yue-jun;CHEN Yu-ru;LI Xue-mei
    2005, 25 (S1):  55-58. 
    Abstract ( 592 )   PDF (796KB) ( 704 )   Save
    Enzyme-producing properties among hyperthermia aerobic microorganisms such as Sporotrichum thermophilic and Aspergillus sp. were studied and compared with Trichoderma sp. The cellulase, xylanase and CMCase activities were analyzed after solid fermentation. Results indicated that S. thermophilic had the highest xylanase activity(164.4 U/g); T. sp. had the highest cellulase (12.1 U/g) and CMCase activities (77.2 U/g) among test strains, A. sp. and S. thermophilic had high CMCase and cellulase activities among test strains. Thus A. sp. and S. thermophilic are applicable in biodegradation of lignocellulose.
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    STUDY ON PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATION OF SANDY-SOIL STABILIZER FROM MODIFIED LIGNOSULFONATES
    WANG Dan;SONG Zhan-qian;SHANG Shi-bin
    2005, 25 (S1):  59-63. 
    Abstract ( 683 )   PDF (1002KB) ( 1063 )   Save
    Desertification is one of the most severe environmental and social problems. Chemical prevention technology is an important method of desertification control, which is of low-cost, effective and simple for application. In this paper, performance and application of PALS and PMLS, the two kinds of sandy-soil stabilizer, were studied. Both sandy-soil stabilizers were made from lignosulfonate, which is the byproduct of papermaking industry. Through a great deal of performance tests in laboratory, these two stabilizers showed high compressive strength, high resistances against freezing-thawing,aging, wind erosion and water erosion. Results of field application test in Wulanbuhe Desert demonstrate that they are effective on sand stabilization, and their cost are only 70% of anionic polyacrylamide (APAM).
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    STUDIES ON PREPARATION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF ACTIVATED CARBON FOR DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR
    LIU Jun-li;GU Ke-long;JI Xun
    2005, 25 (S1):  69-72. 
    Abstract ( 628 )   PDF (1471KB) ( 660 )   Save
    High-performance activated carbon with the specifications of high surface area(1 500-2 000 m2/g),high apparent density (0.35-0.45 cm3/g),high pore volume (both volumes of pores of sizes 2-50 nm and <2 mm respectively are higher than 0.45 cm3/g), unit static capacitance >30 F/cm3, suitable for the electrode of double-layer capacitor, was prepared from walnut hull by chemical-physical method. Under SEM,structure of the sample carbonized by addition of catalyst was observed. It was showed that yield of carbonization was improved 10% and microstructure of original material was developed. The result of pore structure analysis of activated carbons indicated that both micropore and mesopore volumes were enhanced by 0.20-0.30 cm3/g.
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    STUDIES ON SYNTHESIS OF POLYMERIZED ROSIN CATALYZED BY SULFURIC ACID-IONIC LIQUID
    LIU Shi-wei;YU Shi-tao;LIU Fu-sheng;XIE Cong-xia;MAO Chang-ming
    2005, 25 (S1):  64-68. 
    Abstract ( 631 )   PDF (801KB) ( 781 )   Save
    Several kinds of catalysts of sulfuric acid-ionic liquid were first used in the synthesis of polymerized rosin. Sulfuric acid-1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluorobate and sulfuric acid-1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluorobate have high catalytic activities. For H2SO4-(C8 mim)BF4, effects of the kinds of solvents, amount of H2SO4, reaction temperature and reaction time were studied. The optimum reaction condition was as followed: m(rosin) and m(toluene)=1:1,catalyst dosage 30% (based on rosin mass), reaction temperature 70℃, reaction time 4 h, sofening point of the polymerized rosin could reach 135℃, and acid value could be 142 mg/g. The regeneration of H2SO4-(C8 mim)BF4 was investigated. The results showed that H2SO4-(C8 mim)BF4 could be excellently reused. By using this catalyst, some defects of traditional catalysts were overcome, and the product could be conveniently separated by decantation.
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    PREPARATION OF HIGH-SURFACE-AREA ACTIVATED CARBON FROM EXTRACTED LARCH-SAWDUST
    LIU Shou-xin;FANG Gui-zhen;SUN Cheng-lin
    2005, 25 (S1):  73-76. 
    Abstract ( 460 )   PDF (877KB) ( 557 )   Save
    Research on preparation of high-surface-area activated carbon (HSA)from extrated Larix gmelinii Rupr. sawdust was investigated. Variables which include: ratio of KOH to material, activation temperature, kind of active agent, way of charging active agent and pre-carbonization on the properties and yield of activated carbon were investigated. N2 adsorption at 350℃, iodine adsorption capacity and phenol adsorption isotherm were used to determine the pore structure and adsorption capacity of the obtained samples. The results revealed that the extracted sawdust was suitable for preparing HSA. The optimal condition for the preparation was determined as follows: activated at 750℃ for 1 h with ratio of KOH to sawdust 4:1 and precarbonized at 500℃ for 1 h. Specific surface area of HAS prepared under optimal condition was 2 659.4 m2/g, and phenol equilibrium adsorption capacity was 570 mg/g.
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    PRODUCTION OF XYLO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM CORNCOB XYLAN BY SELECTIVE HYDROLYSIS WITH TRICHODERMA REESEI XYLANASE
    HONG Feng;YU Shi-yuan
    2005, 25 (S1):  77-81. 
    Abstract ( 880 )   PDF (863KB) ( 785 )   Save
    Production of xylo-oligosaccharide from corncob xylan by selective xylanase hydrolysis was investigated. The generated difference between the enzymatic hydrolysis of two kinds (dry powder and wet paste) of xylan was compared, and for explanation some possible reasons were discussed in this paper. The results indicated that the suitable technology of enzymatic hydrolysis for xylo-oligosaccharide production was as follows: using wet xylan as substrate, xylan concentration 20-40 g/L, enzyme dosage 1% (volume ratio), pH value 4.8, hydrolytic temperature 50℃, reaction time 4 h. During hydrolysis of xylan,different structural features of dry and wet xylans possibly led to different accessibility of substrate and enzyme adsorption, which resulted in remarkably different oligosaccharide yields. The results showed that the highest xylo-oligosaccharide yield was 40%, with dry xylan as substrate, 10% enzyme dosage and 12 h hydrolytic time, while only 1% enzyme dosage and 4 h hydrolytic time were demanded by the wet one to obtain the same oligosaccharide yield.
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    EFFECTS OF ULTRASONIC PROCESSING ON STRUCTURE OF ALKALI LIGNIN OF WHEAT-STRAW
    REN Shi-xue;FANG Gui-zhen
    2005, 25 (S1):  82-86. 
    Abstract ( 560 )   PDF (804KB) ( 716 )   Save
    Alkali lignin of wheat-straw from black liquor was processed by ultrasonic wave and the activation effect of ultrasonic wave on the alkali lignin was discussed. Functional group of alkali lignin was measured by chemical methods, molecular weight was measured by GPC and chemical structure was analysed by 1H NMR. Results indicated that ultrasonic processing was very effective. At ultrasonic processing time 20 min, power 200 W, and mass ratio (0.2 mol/L NaOH:lignin solution) 100:1, the contents of phenolic hydroxyl, aliphatic hydroxyl, carboxyl and aldehyde of the alkali lignin are from 1.88 mmol/g to 2.54 mmol/g, from 1.99 mmol/g to 4.14 mmol/g, from 0.59 mmol/g to 0.29 mmol/g, and from 2.16 mmol/g to 2.68 mmol/g, respectively. From the spectrum of 1H NMR, G-lignin percentage (the ratio of area of G-lignin peak to sum of all peaks'area) is from 3.61% to 0. S-lignin percentage is from 0.77% to 0, OCH3 percentage is from 11.50% to 8.90%. The numerical-average molecular weight (Mn) is from 1 179 to 5 031, the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) is from 10 250 to 11 605, dispersiveness(Mw/Mn) is from 8.69 to 2.31.
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    STUDY ON DISPROPORTION OF RESIN ACID CATALYZED BY NANOMETER NICKEL(Ⅰ)--Study on Composition of Resin Acid
    XIE Hui;LI Zheng;ZHOU Ping;GU Ping
    2005, 25 (S1):  87-90. 
    Abstract ( 595 )   PDF (607KB) ( 569 )   Save
    Nanometer nickel was used as catalyst for disproportion of resin acid for the first time. In the presence of solvent, disproportion of resin acid using different catalyst was investigated, and the compositions of the products,especially acid parts,were analyzed.DEAE-Sephadax ion-exchange chromatography was used for separation of resin acid and neutral part in disproportionated rosin. During the reaction,the chemical compositions of disproportionated rosin have been traced.
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    NEW RESOURCE OF PINUS ELLIOTTII × P. CARIBAEA AND ITS EXPLOITATIONAL UTILIZATION
    FENG Jin-tao;WU Qian-ping
    2005, 25 (S1):  91-94. 
    Abstract ( 585 )   PDF (792KB) ( 890 )   Save
    To realize sustainable development of chemical industry of forest products in China,it is necessary to develop and make full use of Pinus elliottii×P. caribaea(Pe×Pc) resource scientifically and reasonably to produce salable high-quality goods in market and turn resource into economic returns. In view of the existing development situation of chemical industry of forest products, comprehensive exploitation and utilization of this resource, in terms of characteristics of Pe×Pc resource,chemistry of the resin,modification and utilization of wood, as well as application of essential oil are described.
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    STUDY ON MECHANISM OF WOOD CARBONIZATION --Effect of Carbonization Method and Condition on the Property of Chinese Fir Charcoal
    HUANG Biao;GAO Shang-yu
    2005, 25 (S1):  95-98. 
    Abstract ( 623 )   PDF (760KB) ( 850 )   Save
    By techniques of one-step and two-step carbonization, capped and uncapped carbonization, with carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, air and their mixture as atmosphere gas, respectively, pyrolysis experiments on the thinning wood of Chinese fir, one of the fastest growing tree species in Southern China, are carried out. With special focuses on basic pyrolysis process of its sawdust and the affecting patterns on carbonized materials under different carbonization conditions, comprehensive analyses on yield of carbonized material and variation patterns are conducted. Furthermore, in combination with element analysis, variation patterns of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen contents are also analyzed. The results reveal that the yield of the charcoal falls distinctly between 400-600℃, hereafter, the yield gets to constant. The charcoal yield of capped carbonization method is higher than that of the uncapped. Fixed carbon content of the charcoal in air atmosphere is higher than that in N2 atmosphere, no matter whether the carbonized method is one-step or two-step. The reduction degree of charcoal in air atmosphere is higher than that in N2 atmosphere. Moreover, the reductivity is increased with the rise of carbonization temperature.
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    STUDY ON TECHNOLOGY FOR SYNTHESIZING LIGHT-COLOR ROSIN-PENTAERYTHRITOL RESIN
    LUO Jin-yue;ZHENG Qiao-ling;AN Xin-nan
    2005, 25 (S1):  99-101. 
    Abstract ( 657 )   PDF (516KB) ( 556 )   Save
    The synthesis conditions for synthesizing light-color rosin-pentaerythritol resin were examined using first-grade rosin and pentaerythritol as starting materials and eight kinds of catalysts. The relationships among type of catalyst, complexization condition and quality of product were investigated. In addition, the influences of reaction temperature, reaction time, dosage of materials and other factors on the qualitative indexes of products were examined. The suitable synthesis conditions for No.145 rosin-pentaerythritol resin were obtained as follows: reaction temperature (275±2)℃,reaction time 6 h, ratio of rosin, pentaerythritol, catalyst A and catalyst G 1:0.12: 0.002:0.000 5. Quantitative indexes of the product obtained under aforesaid conditions were: color 3 (Gardner), softening point 91.7℃, acid value 24.8 mg/g.
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    STUDY ON ISOMERIZATION OF α-PINENE UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION
    CAI Zhi-hui;LUO Jin-yue;HU Zhi-jie;PU Wei-ying
    2005, 25 (S1):  102-104. 
    Abstract ( 596 )   PDF (519KB) ( 501 )   Save
    Isomerization of α-pinene was examined by microwave irradiation. Microwave power, catalyst dosage, reaction time,charging method of raw material were discussed. Using turpentine as raw material, metatitanic acid as catalyst, catalyst dosage 1.7%(charged in two portions), microwave power 800 W, total reaction time 110 min, the resulted α-pinene transformation rate and camphene yield were 85.5% and 82.9%(based on the mass of raw material) respectively. Catalyst dosage was reduced about 40%,reaction time was decreased a great deal. Production rate was incresed at least 6 times. Purity and yield of camphene were increased more than 2.5% compared to traditional technique. Economic benefit was improved significantly.
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    LIGNOCELLULOSE-DEGRADING ENZYME SYSTEM OF PLEUROTUS SP. GH196
    MIN Jiang-ma;FU Shi-yu
    2005, 25 (S1):  105-108. 
    Abstract ( 676 )   PDF (771KB) ( 605 )   Save
    To investigate the production of lignocellulose-degrading enzyme system from Pleurotus sp. GH196, isolated from a rotten bamboo, submerged fermentation of this fungus was performed under shaking and static conditions. The result showed that lignolytic enzymes produced by GH196 are composed of laccase and manganese peroxidase. Shaking could promote the mycelium growth of the fungus and synthesis of cellulase and xylanase, among them xylanase is the master polysaccharide hydrolase. The xylanase activity can reach 44.7 U/mL when GH196 was cultivated by using rice straw and wheat bran as compound carbon source under 150 r/min shaking condition.
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    STUDY ON EFFECT OF MULTIPLEX CATALYSTS ON ISOMERIZATION OF NEROLIDOL
    ZHAO Zhen-dong;CHEN Feng-yu;BI Liang-wu;LI Dong-mei;WANG Jing
    2005, 25 (S1):  109-112. 
    Abstract ( 674 )   PDF (697KB) ( 684 )   Save
    Inorganic catalysts of metavanadate, molybdate, and tungstate, organic catalysts of orthovanadates, and organic catalysts of siliconous orthov anadates are all able to catalyze the isomerization of nerolidol. Ammonium metavanadate, triisobutyl orthovanadate and triphenylsiliconic orthovanadate have superior catalytical effects among these three kinds of catalysts. The yield of farnesol in the isomerized mixture from nerolidol is 37.1%, 37.2% and 32.0% respectively, by catalysis of ammonium metavanadate, triisobutyl orthovanadate and triphenylsiliconic orthovanadate respectively. Thereafter, several multiple x catalysts are prepared and tested for the isomerization based on the selected cata lysts, namely ammonium metavanadate, triisobutyl orthovanadate and triphenylsiliconic orthovanadate. However, multiplex catalysts could not raise catalytic effect of isomerization as remarkably as predicted.
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    SYNTHESIS OF ISO-BUTYL GALLATE UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION
    JIANG Ping;XU Man
    2005, 25 (S1):  113-115. 
    Abstract ( 605 )   PDF (542KB) ( 646 )   Save
    Iso-butyl gallate was synthesized by esterification of gallic acid with iso-butyl alcohol catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid(PTSA) under microwave irradiation. The optimum reaction condition was as follows: molar ratio of gallic acid to iso-butyl alcohol 1:17, molar ratio of gallic acid to catalyst 1:0.05, microwave irradiation power 510 W (gallic acid 10.94 g), for 60 min. Average yield of iso-butyl gallate was 86.3%.
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    TOTAL-CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHING OF NaOH-AQ PULP OF LOW KAPPA NUMBER FROM TRIPLOID OF CHINESE WHITE POPLAR
    JI Xing-xiang;CHEN Jia-chuan;YANG Gui-hua;SHI Hong-tao
    2005, 25 (S1):  116-120. 
    Abstract ( 621 )   PDF (701KB) ( 612 )   Save
    Strengthened-oxygen total-chlorine-free(TCF) bleaching of NaOH-AQ pulp of low Kappa number from the triploid of Chinese white poplar(Populus tomentosa Carr.) with brightness 37%(ISO), Kappa number 13.5,viscosity 851 mL/g was bleached with a TCF process QOP,QP sequence in the laboratory. The bleached pulp with brightness 82.0%(ISO), viscosity 716 mL/g at bleached pulp yield 91.78% was obtained after QOP,QP bleaching. The data presented in the paper are useful for developing TCF bleaching sequence for the triploid of Chinese white poplar NaOH-AQ pulp of low Kappa number.
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    STUDY ON EXTRACTION OF XYLAN FROM RICE HULL
    LIU Bao-liang;FANG Gui-zhen
    2005, 25 (S1):  121-124. 
    Abstract ( 804 )   PDF (870KB) ( 718 )   Save
    Using rice hulls as raw material, the experiment utilized the method of alkali extraction after rice hulls were pretreated. Effects of alkali concentration, extraction temperature, ratio of solid to liquid and extraction time on yields of xylan were analyzed. The result showed: the content of xylan in rice hull reached 19.9%, showing a good raw material. The conditions of alkaline extraction were: pretreatment: water immersed for 3 h at 80℃; alkali concentration 10%, ratio of solid to liquid 1:10(g:mL), extraction time 3 h, extraction temperature 80℃. The yield of xylan from rice hull reached over 67.50%.
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    STUDY ON PURIFYING ARABINOGALACTAN FROM LARIX GMEINI RUPR. BY COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
    HUANG Zhan-hua;FANG Gui-zhen
    2005, 25 (S1):  125-128. 
    Abstract ( 577 )   PDF (905KB) ( 557 )   Save
    Macroporous adsorptive resin column and polyamide column were used respectively to purify arabinogalactan (AG) from Larix gmeini Rupr.. The contents of impurity in AG and sugar varying with time were analyzed. The purification effects by the two methods were compared, showing that the yield of arabinogalactan purified by the resin was 68.28%, and the sugar content was 95.02%, while those by polyamide column were 75.67% and 98.30%,respectively. The method of polyamide column chromatography is preferred for purifying AG, based on the comparisons of yield, purity and cost.
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    SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF BETULIN BY TETRAHYDROFURAN-BENZENE EXTRACTION
    HAN Shi-yan;FANG Gui-zhen;LI Shan-shan;MA Yan-li
    2005, 25 (S1):  129-132. 
    Abstract ( 693 )   PDF (802KB) ( 928 )   Save
    Betulin extracted from bark of birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) was purified by several kinds of mix-solvents. Purification effects and structure of betulin were analyzed by UV and FT-IR spectra respectively. Quantitative analysis of betulin was performed by HPLC. Yield of crude betulin extracted from bark of birch was 34.52% by weight. The most excellent mix-solvent was tetrahydrofuran-benzene. At the ratio of tetrahydrofuran to benzene 1:2 by volume, and ratio of betulin to mix-solvent was 1:30 (g:mL), yield of purified betulin was 31.19%, with a purity of 94.53%. Melting point of purified betulin was 248.9-251.3℃ and IR analysis conformed to literatures of the standard betulin sample. Comparing with the methods applied in the past, tetrahydrofuran-benzene extration is a simple and high efficient method to separate and purify betulin from birch bark.
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    SYNTHESIS OF HEXADECYL ETHER OF ARABINOGALACTAN FROM LARIX GMEINI RUPR.
    MA Yan-li;FANG Gui-zhen;SHI Rong-zhen;HAN Shi-yan
    2005, 25 (S1):  133-136. 
    Abstract ( 684 )   PDF (819KB) ( 543 )   Save
    Hexadecyl ether of arabinogalactan (HEAG) was synthesized by Williamson reaction, using chlorohexadecane and arabinogalactan (AG) extracted from Larix gmeini Rupr. wood as reagents, dimethylsulfoxide as solvent, and sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The influences of time, temperature and the ratio of chlorohexadecane to AG were discussed. The results obtained showed that average substitution degree of HEAG was 0.212 mmol/g and the yield was 65.56%, under the conditions of reaction time 30 min, temperature 25℃, and reagent ratio 0.3:1(mL:g). Determinations of surface tension and lipophilicity indicated that the lipophilicity of HEAG was better than that of AG, with an increase of solubility at 30.66% and 21.95% in hexane and petroleum ether respectively, while a decrease of 60.90% and 44.24% in chloroform and water respectively. The solubility of HEAG is 6.70 grams in 100 g water.
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    EXAMINATION METHOD OF PINUS MASSONIANA LAMB. ROSIN BLENDED WITH P. ELLIOTTII ENGELM. ROSIN
    SONG Zhan-qian
    2005, 25 (S1):  137-138. 
    Abstract ( 598 )   PDF (338KB) ( 1014 )   Save
    A GC method for examinating rosin was presented. The different contents of isopimaric acid in rosins of Pinus massoniana and P.elliottii, which are <2% and >15% respectively, can be utilized to judge whether a rosin is a blended one. A P. massoniana rosin is judged to be blended with some P. elliottii rosin when its content of isopimaric acid is > 2%.
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    STUDY ON ADSORPTION PERFORMANCE OF BAMBOO CHARCOAL FOR PHENOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
    YE Gui-zu;CHEN Qing-song;LAI Shou-lian
    2005, 25 (S1):  139-142. 
    Abstract ( 584 )   PDF (830KB) ( 769 )   Save
    The performance of adsorption of bamboo charcoal for phenol in aqueous solution was studied. The influence of factors, namely: dosage of bamboo charcoal, particle size, adsorption time, pH value and initial concentration of phenol were investigated, and the adsorption isotherm of phenol was determined. The results show that the adsorbing rate is quite high, and increased with the increase of dosage of bamboo charcoal and the decrease of particle size, and the adsorption of 0.074 mm bamboo charcoal for phenol occurs mainly during the first 30 min, but the adsorption rate increases slowly after 2 h. Acidity is beneficial for adsorbing phenol. With the increase of initial concentration of phenol, the adsorption rate falls, while the adsorption capacity increases. The adsorption isotherm of phenol follows the isothermal adsorption equation of Langmuir and Freundlich.
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    STUDY ON SIMULTANEOUS PREPARATION OF DECOLORIZING AGENT AND WATER GLASS FROM RICE HULL ASH
    CHEN Zheng-xing;LI Yue
    2005, 25 (S1):  146-150. 
    Abstract ( 650 )   PDF (1079KB) ( 751 )   Save
    A new method on comprehensive utilization of rice hull ash (RHA) was explored, based on the fact that mineral is highly and homogeneously distributed in RHA and is mainly composed of amorphous SiO2. RHA was first treated with alkali solution and converted into water glass and desiliconized RHA (DRHA). Then, DRHA was activated with sulfuric acid to prepare a porous decolorizing agent (PRHA) for vegetable oil industry. Factors which influenced the modulus of water glass and decolorizing capability of PRHA were investigated. Different kinds of water glass products in the range of modulus 2.3-3.6 could be prepared by changing NaOH concentration in the range of 2-3 mol/L or reaction time in the range of2-3 h. High desiliconization was beneficial to the formation of porous structure in PRHA. Reacted with 2 mol/L NaOH at 100℃ for 2 h, RHA was converted in water glass of modulus 3.3 and DRHA. Under this condition, SiO2 was extracted out from RHA by 94.83%. The optimum technology for activating DRHA to prepare PRHA was obtained as follows: sulfuric acid concentration 5%(mass part), activation time 4 h, temperature 90℃. The decolorizing capability of PRHA for soybeans crude oil was 3 times as much as that of activated attapulgite commonly used in vegetable oil industry.
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    综述评论
    PROGRESS OF RESEARCH ON TECHNIQUE OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION AND ITS APPLICATION
    YING Hao;JIANG Jian-chun
    2005, 25 (S1):  151-155. 
    Abstract ( 711 )   PDF (868KB) ( 1257 )   Save
    The state on resource of biomass in China was summarized,and the research status and development trend of the technology application of biomass gasification technique were reviewed. The significance on application of biomass gasification technique and its position in the field of energy technology were evaluated. The application perspective of biomass gasification also was prospected. The environment benefit and economic benefit brought by application of biomass gasification technique as well as different application instances, and the inadequacies of our biomass gasification technique were discussed. Strengthening on technical innovation and capacity enlargment were stressed. The importance and significance of biomass gasification in the strategy of sustainable development of energy resources in China were elucidated.
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    STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PATTERN OF BIOMASS-ENERGY INDUSTRY IN COORDINATION WITH ECO-ENVIRONMENT
    XIAN Ping;LI He;ZHONG Li-ying
    2005, 25 (S1):  156-160. 
    Abstract ( 494 )   PDF (1041KB) ( 535 )   Save
    The challenge of the energy supply in China and limitation of new energy resource were analyzed in this paper, and biomass energy as the main substitute was considered. From technical and economical points of view, a pattern of developing bioenergy industry was suggested by taking "oil from plants" as the principal way of development. By utilizing agricultural and forest wastes in parallel with developing energy-resource agriculture, a multiple success on economy, society, ecology and environment would be realized.
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    DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCHES ON CATALYSTS FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY CATALYTIC GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS
    HU Guan;XU Shao-ping;LIU Shu-qin
    2005, 25 (S1):  161-164. 
    Abstract ( 573 )   PDF (715KB) ( 988 )   Save
    Catalysts used for hydrogen production by catalytic gasification of biomass greatly affect the quality of product and the process efficiency. The composition of catalysts (nonmetallic oxides, alkali metals, and Ni-based catalysts, etc.), application technology (fixed bed, fluidized bed, etc.), and modification method are discussed. Current trends of development and future prospects of the catalysts are also reviewed.
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    AN EXPLORATION ON MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL WOOD FROM WASTES OF CELLULOSE AND BLACK-LIQUOR LIGNIN
    JIANG Ying-ti
    2005, 25 (S1):  165-167. 
    Abstract ( 680 )   PDF (650KB) ( 574 )   Save
    Types of artificial wood at present were introduced. The great significance of developing artificial wood from wastes such as bamboo shavings, sawdusts or crop stalks with lignin from black liquor of papermaking was elucidated. The principle and methods of manufacturing artificial wood and the use of product were briefly introduced. Finally, the prospect of market and feasibility of industrialization of artificial wood were analyzed.
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    PROGRESS OF RESEARCHES ON PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF p-MENTHANE-1,8-DIAMINE
    FENG Zhi-yong;ZHAO Zhen-dong
    2005, 25 (S1):  168-170. 
    Abstract ( 855 )   PDF (589KB) ( 587 )   Save
    p-Menthane-1,8-diamine (MDA) is an important intensive-processing product of turpentine having similar framework of terpenediol hydrate. This paper summarized its special physical properties, and reviewed the research progress on its applications, such as curing agent of epoxy resin, bacteriostatic agent in soap, agents in polyamd resin and polyurethane, catalysts for condensation reaction of silicon-bonded hydroxyl groups, copolymer for improving dyeing ability of polyolefin textile fibers and assistant in some reaction processes.
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    PROGRESS OF STUDIES ON GRAFTING MODIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF LIGNOSULFONATE
    ZHOU Dao-bing;CHU Fu-xiang
    2005, 25 (S1):  171-174. 
    Abstract ( 639 )   PDF (735KB) ( 1101 )   Save
    The recent study and development of grafting modification of lignosulfonate were reviewed. Modified lignosulfonate could be used as soil conditioner, thickener,oilfield-drilling agents, wood adhesive, etc. Its development prospect was also discussed.
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    PROGRESS OF RESEARCHES ON RESOURCES AND BIOACTIVE APPLICATIONS OF FARNESOL
    ZHAO Zhen-dong;SU Wen-qiang;CHEN Feng-yu;BI Liang-wu
    2005, 25 (S1):  175-178. 
    Abstract ( 793 )   PDF (805KB) ( 1370 )   Save
    Resources and bioactive applications of farnesol that widely exists in flowers, leaves and stems of plants were reviewed. According to the citations, some Chinese traditional herbs and essential oil plants are abundant in farnesol. Cinnamomum tenuipilum Kosterm. (farnesol-type), flowers of Magnolia liliflora Desr., leaves of Eriobotrya japonica,etc. are important potential resources of farnesol for industrial utilization. As one of the main bioactive compositions of the Chinese herbs and perfume plants, farnesol is more and more widely applied in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, cosmetics, and domestic chemicals, having good prospects.
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    CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND NEW ISOLATION METHODS OF CEREAL STRAW HEMICELLULOSE
    XU Feng;ZHONG Xin-chun;SUN Run-cang;ZHAN Huai-yu
    2005, 25 (S1):  179-182. 
    Abstract ( 710 )   PDF (700KB) ( 1416 )   Save
    The progresses of researches on cereal straw hemicellulose, including linkages between hemicellulose and lignin, cellulose and protein were introduced. Three new processes of hemicellulose isolation and fractionation, namely alkaline extraction, hydrogen-peroxide extraction and assisted alkaline extraction were overviewed in this paper.
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    研究报告
    CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS OF PHENOLS IN WOOD VINEGAR FROM MONGOLIAN OAK (QUERCUS MONGOLICA)
    WANG Hai-ying;YANG Guo-ting;LIU Zhi-ming
    2005, 25 (S1):  143-145. 
    Abstract ( 842 )   PDF (549KB) ( 1217 )   Save
    Basic parameters of wood vinegar from Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch.ex Turcz) were measured with routine analysis. The results showed that pH value, organic acid content (calculated as HOAc), density and refined yield were 4.06, 5.20%, 1.026 0 g/cm3 (20℃) and 90.7%, respectively. Then the wood vinegar was systematically fractionated into acidic substance, phenols and neutrals by batch extraction. With GC-MS, phenols of wood vinegar were analyzed. The results showed that main constituents in the phenols were phenol 3.60%, 2-methyl phenol 1.20%, 1,2,3-trimethoxy benzene 12.82%, 2,6-dimethoxy-phenol 34.41% and 4,6-di(1,1-dimethyle-thyl)-2-methyl-phenol 35.97%. This analysis is of important significance to standardize the product quality of Mongolian oak wood vinegar.
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