Table of Content

30 September 2002, Volume 22 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

研究报告

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STUDY ON STRUCTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND APPLICATION OF LADDER LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR ZHU Ju-xiang;HU Song-ping;YAO Ke-jian 2002, 22 (3):  1-5.  Abstract ( 603 )   PDF (799KB) ( 693 )   Save Experience on engineering design,manufacture and installation of ladder liquid distributor were summarized,and a more resonable structure was suggested to improve initial distribution and mass transfer efficiency of liquid distributor.Through assessment theory,it has been proved that the new structure is more advantageous in function than that of traditional liquid distributor.Satisfactory results have been achieved through its practical applications in industries of forest chemicals,pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. Related Articles | Metrics

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QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ALKYLPHENOLS IN GINKGO BILOBA LEAVES,EXTRACTS AND PREPARATIONS TAN Wei-hong;SHEN Zhao-bang;WANG Cheng-zhang;YU Qing 2002, 22 (3):  6-10.  Abstract ( 631 )   PDF (800KB) ( 584 )   Save A simple HPLC method for quantitative determination of alkylphenols,including ginkgolic acids and ginkgols,in Ginkgo biloba leaves,extracts and preparations was established.Relative standard deviation of the method is 3.57% (n=5),and recovery is 98.83%.In order to decrease the content of ginkgolic acids in commercial GBE(G. biloba leaves extracts)products,a method of extracting alkylphenols from GBE was studied.A suitable mixed solvent A was developed to obtain GBE containing flavonoids 24%,terpene lactones 6%,and ginkgolic acids less than 10 mg/kg. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY ON A NEW METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF PINONIC ACID XIA Wei-hua;HA Cheng-yong;LIU Zhi-meng 2002, 22 (3):  11-14.  Abstract ( 619 )   PDF (719KB) ( 733 )   Save In order to improve the strict conditions and the long reaction time required in the traditional method for preparing pinonic acid,a new method,in which surfactant was used to catalyze the oxidation of α-pinene,was brought forward.Catalytic effects of lauryl sodium sulfate(K12)on the oxidation of α-pinene were studied.Factors affecting the reaction were discussed in detail.The oxidation process at 30℃ for about 5-5.5 h in the presence of K12(2% based on the mass of α-pinene)provides pinonic acid at yield more than 60%. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY ON SYNTHESIS OF EPOXY RESIN BY ACRYLIC MODIFIED ROSIN XIA Jan-ling;SHANG Shi-bin;XIE Hui;HUANG Huan;WANG Ding-xuan 2002, 22 (3):  15-18.  Abstract ( 748 )   PDF (727KB) ( 1235 )   Save Acrylic modified rosin type epoxy resin was synthesized by esterification and ring closing reaction of acrylic modified rosin with excessive epichlorohydrin.The influence of reaction conditions were discussed respectively,such as catalyst amount, esterification time and temperature,ring closing temperature,kinds of solvent,NaOH volume part and so on.Acrylic modified rosin type epoxy resin which was synthesized under suitable conditions had following properties:epoxy value 0.27 eq/100 g,viscosity at 40℃, 25.25 Pa·s,acid value 0.4 mgKOH/g.FT-IR spectra of the product was also discussed.It was found that acrylic modified rosin type epoxy resin has good application potential. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY ON ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF XYLAN AND ITS MEMBRANE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY YANG Fu-guo;FANG Zheng;CHEN Mu;SONG Xiang Yang;YONG Qiang;YU Shi-yuan 2002, 22 (3):  19-22.  Abstract ( 629 )   PDF (639KB) ( 570 )   Save Processes coupling is one of the hotspots in applied technology.The development of processes coupling has been promoted by membrane separation technology,such as membrane ultrafiltration,membrane extraction,membrane distillation,pervaporation and affinity membrane.Preparation of xylo oligosaccharides from xylan by enzymatic hydrolysis in membrane ultrafiltration reactor was carried out under following conditions:enzyme dosage 10%(volum ratio),xylan concentration 30.0 g/L,dilution rate 1 h-1,pH 5.0,reaction temperature 48℃,enzymatic hydrolysis time 135 min.Under these conditions,xylo oligosaccharides yield,xylose yield,productivity of xylo oligosaccharides and the ratio of xylo oligosaccharides to total sugar was 28.5%,4.1%, 3.80 g/(L·h) and 0.87,respectively.Comparison of the results on enzymatic hydrolysis by batch feed,purified xylanases,in the conventional reactor was conducted.Results showed that yield of xylose,in the products of hydrolysis by xylanase treatment was kept at a rather low level(0.2%) and oligosaccharide yield was 35.9%.Addition of precipitant H was effective to remove β xylosidase from xylanase system.This technique would provide a new way for oligosaccharide production. Related Articles | Metrics

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INVESTIGATIONS ON PERFUME PLANTS OF VALERIANA IN WULING MOUNTAINOUS AREA AND CHEMICAL COMPONENTS THEREOF GU Li;GU Chen-hua 2002, 22 (3):  23-27.  Abstract ( 578 )   PDF (971KB) ( 859 )   Save Perfume plants of Valeriana in representative areas of Wuling Mountain were investigated.According to literatures and with the help of eldest medicinal herb growers and experts,thirteen kinds of perfume plants of Valeriana have been identified. Among them,three kinds of perfume plants of Valeriana(V. pseudofficinalis,V. fauriei,V. steenoptena) are excellent in abundant resources,with plenty roots,high content of refined oil containing high contents of main chemical components(bornyl acetate,α-acetyl pyrrole,ether-acetate).Chemical components of oils from these wild and planted excellent plants were analyzed by GC/MS. Related Articles | Metrics

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NON-ISOTHERMAL DYNAMIC CONVERSION OF WOOD BY SUB-AND SUPERCRITICAL ETHANOL EXTRACTION QIAN Xue-ren;LI Jian 2002, 22 (3):  28-32.  Abstract ( 704 )   PDF (691KB) ( 632 )   Save Dynamic conversion of wood by sub and supercritical ethanol extraction was studied in a semi continuous experimental apparatus using non isothermal extraction technique,and effects of pressure on extraction were mainly investigated.Results showed that the main extraction process of wood could be regarded as two stages roughly,temperature range of the first stage was from 200℃ to 280℃,and extract formation rate had maximum value at about 250℃.Temperature range of the second stage was from 280℃ to 380℃,and extract formation rate had the maximum value at about 350℃,while a great quantity of gas was generated in this stage simultaneously.Wood conversion and extract yield increased and gas yield decreased with increasing of pressure.Effect of pressure became significant after 250℃.From engineering standpoint,sub and supercritical extraction technology are applicable in different conversion ways of wood resources through controlling process variables such as temperature and pressure. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF LIGNIN XUE Jian-jun;ZHONG Fei 2002, 22 (3):  37-40.  Abstract ( 642 )   PDF (504KB) ( 731 )   Save Lignin are natural polymers with inertness of reaction.In this paper,research on electrochemical oxidation of grass lignin by membrane assisted electrolysis was carried out for the first time both at home and abroad.Result showed that aromatic rings of lignin are opened by electrochemical oxidation,and oxidation of lignin is closely related to the electrode material and electric voltage.Further study on the structure of the lignin oxide could provide a new way to modify the electrochemical property of lignin. Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECTS OF THE RATIO OF CARBON TO NITROGEN ON XYLANASE SYNTHESIS BY TRICHODERMA REESEI RUT C-30 MAO Lian-shan;SONG Xiang-yang;YONG Qiang;YAO Chun-cai;YU Shi-yuan 2002, 22 (3):  41-44.  Abstract ( 603 )   PDF (579KB) ( 874 )   Save Effects of different ratios of carbon to nitrogen on xylanase synthesis by Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 were studied.The results indicated that low ratio of carbon to nitrogen could stimulate the synthesis of endo-1,4-β-D xylanase and depress the synthesis of exo-β-xylosidase,which enhanced the synthesis of xylosidase poor xylanases.High ratio of carbon to nitrogen could not only retard the synthesis of xylanase,but also depress the synthesis of cellulase and increase the ratio of xylanase to cellulase,therefore enhanced the synthesis of cellulase poor xylanase. Related Articles | Metrics

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SEPARATION,PURIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TAXANES IN EXTRACT OF TAXUS CHINENSIS LEAVES YU Long-jiang;LAN Wen-zhi 2002, 22 (3):  45-48.  Abstract ( 690 )   PDF (755KB) ( 901 )   Save Extract of Taxus chinensis (Pilger)Rehd.leaves was prepared by methanol or ethanol solvent extraction.Contents of baccatin Ⅲ and taxol in methanol extract were higher than those in ethanol extract.From methanol extract,10 pure compounds were obtained through isolation and purification process combined with extraction and chromatographic analysis.Ingredients were structurally identified through methods of NMR,IR,MS and HPLC,and five compounds were ascertained as taxol,1-accetyl-5,7,10-deacetyl baccatin Ⅰ,baccatin Ⅲ,baccatin Ⅵ and 7,9,10,13-deacetyl baccatin Ⅵ of purity 98.4%,98.7%, 99.1%, 99.65%,92.94%, respectively.Moreover,extraction yield of taxol and baccatin Ⅲ reached 62.6% and 57.6%,respectively.Results showed that the established preparation and purification technique could be applied to produce taxol and its precursors from T. chinensis leaves. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY ON CONTENT OF PROTEIN AND STARCH IN PIGEON PEA SEEDS OF DIFFERENT COAT COLORS LIU Xiu-xian;LI Zheng-hong;ZHANG Jian-yun;HUI Ya-lin;ZHOU Chao-hong 2002, 22 (3):  49-53.  Abstract ( 727 )   PDF (788KB) ( 748 )   Save Analysis on content of protein and starch in pigeon pea(Cajanus cajan)seeds of 10 coat colors collected from 8 places in Yunnan Province was carried out.Conclusions are as follows:Contents have differences on different places,seed coat colors and so on.Contents of protein and starch from different places are 20.73%-24.86% and 48.23%-54.22%,respectively.Contents of protein and starch from different seed coat colors are 20.96%-23.96% and 50.02%-53.34%,respectively.Except starch content of seed from Yuanmou place which is of the third class,others are of the second class.Protein and starch content are different with respect to different seed coat colors and different places,but as a whole,the type of pigeon pea seeds of high protein and high starch content is still lacking. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDIES ON CELLULASE PRODUCTION BY BACILLUS SP.ZU-04 SHEN Xue-liang;XIA Li-ming 2002, 22 (3):  54-58.  Abstract ( 620 )   PDF (910KB) ( 774 )   Save Cellulase production was studied using a bacterial strain(Bacillus sp.ZU 04)screened at our laboratory.Cellulase activity could be detected from pH value 6.5 to 10.5.Corn corb residue from xylose industry was the suitable carbon source,and bean cake was the suitable nitrogen source for the strain.NaCl and KH2PO4 were important to cellulase production,and their optimal mass parts were 0.5%-1.0% and 0.1%,respectively.Cellulase activity could be improved by addition of wheat bran.Optimal culture conditions in a 3 L fermenter were: stirring speed 300 r/min,aeration 0.3 L/(L·min),and culture temperature 37℃.Neutral and alkali cellulase activities detected from the fermentation broth were 257.6 U/mL and 125.6 U/mL,respectively.The enzyme had a good application potential. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY ON CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT AND STOMATA MORPHOLOGY OF PINUS MASSONIANA XU Bai-sen;ZHANG Ru-hua 2002, 22 (3):  59-61.  Abstract ( 624 )   PDF (381KB) ( 561 )   Save Chlorophyll content and morphology of stomata of ten strains of Pinus massoniana were determined,analysed and compared.Results are as follows:Chlorophyll content from strains of north Fujian is higher than those from west north Fujian,while chlorophyll a/b value is lower.Stomata density is negatively correlated with stomata diameter.Stomata from most strains are of concave shape,while a few are of convex shape. Related Articles | Metrics

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EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS IN AGRIMONIA PILOSA FANG Gui-zhen;WANG Hong-jiang;SUN Xiao-yi 2002, 22 (3):  62-64.  Abstract ( 608 )   PDF (491KB) ( 899 )   Save Extraction technology of flavonoids in Agrimonia pilosa was studied by orthogonal experiment.Effects of ethanol water solvent,extraction temperature,extraction time,extraction times and ratio of liquid to material on flavonoid content were investigated.Optimum extraction condition was determined as follows:volume parts of the composition of ethanol water solvent 40%,ratio of liquor to material 10:1,three times of reflux extraction at 70℃,each for 0.5 h. Related Articles | Metrics

综述评论

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SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT SUGGESTION ON EXPLOITATION OF VEGETABLE TANNIN RESOURCE IN WEST CHINA CHEN Jia-hong;WANG Yong-mei;BI Liang-wu;WU Dong-mei;ZHOU Dao-bing 2002, 22 (3):  65-69.  Abstract ( 726 )   PDF (716KB) ( 1254 )   Save In China,most vegetable tannin resources and tannin chemicals manufactories are distributed in the west area of the country.In recent 10 years,annual tannin extracts production in China was about 20 000 tons,although the maximum reached 50 000 tons in earlier years.Gallotannins have been intensively processed into a series of fine chemical products nowadays. Authors also point out problems and give suggestions regarding the exploitation and development of vegetable tannin resources in west China. Related Articles | Metrics

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APPLICATION OF ELECTROORGANIC SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUE IN PERFUME SYNTHESIS BI Liang-wu;LIU Xian-zhang;XU Peng-xiang;WANG Jin-rong ZHAO Zhen-dong;CHU Fu-xiang 2002, 22 (3):  70-74.  Abstract ( 551 )   PDF (910KB) ( 1198 )   Save The developmental situation of electroorganic synthesis is briefly reviewed.Applications of electroorgaric synthetic technique in synthesis of perfumes(such as,benzaldehyde,anisaldehyde,salicyl aldehyde, p-methyl benzaldehyde,vanillin, piperonal,cuminaldehyde,and butyl butyrate etc.)are introduced in detail. Related Articles | Metrics

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PROGRESS ON THE SYNTHESIS OF JUVENILE HORMONE ANALOGS FROM TURPENTINE OIL WANG Zong-de;ZHOU Yong-hong;SONG Zhan-qian 2002, 22 (3):  75-78.  Abstract ( 594 )   PDF (732KB) ( 915 )   Save Synthesis of juvenile hormone analogs(JHA)from turpentine oil was reviewed.JHA synthesized from α-pinene can be classified into 3 types according to their structure.They have four membered ring structure in the middle position,five membered ring structure and the basic structure of α-pinene in the terminal position respectively.A lot of JHA have been synthesized so far,but their application are relatively insignificant.Since JHA containing an ethereal group in the molecule possess high juvenile hormone activity,it is proposed that more study on synthesis and application of ethereal JHA synthesized from α-pinene should be proceeded.Utilization of β-pinene,which is structurally similar to α-pinene and abundant in China,to synthesis JHA is also proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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PROGRESS ON PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS OF BAMBOO CARBON AND BAMBOO DISTILLATE HU Yong-huang 2002, 22 (3):  79-83.  Abstract ( 1241 )   PDF (771KB) ( 2923 )   Save Theory and practice of thermolysis process to produce bamboo carbon and bamboo distillate,as well as their production technology,physical and chemical properties are summarized.General methods to produce bamboo carbon by kiln and furnace,and main applications of bamboo carbon and bamboo distillates are introduced.The ways of research on development and technology of bamboo carbon are also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

研究快报

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PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM TOBACCO STEMS PENG Jin-hui;ZHANG Li-bo;ZHANG Shi-min;FAN Xing-xiang;GUO Sheng-hui 2002, 22 (3):  85-87.  Abstract ( 604 )   PDF (377KB) ( 1012 )   Save The method of preparing activated carbon from tobacco stems with zinc chloride by microwave irradiation and conventional processing was studied.According to the experimental data,four stages,namely:preheating,drying,carbonization and activation in conventional processing can be completed in only 9 min by microwave irradiation.The microwave processing time is 1/20 of the conventional processing time,and methylene blue decolorizing ability of the activated carbon comes or exceeds the first grade of powder activated carbon specified in standard(LY 216-79). Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY ON DECOLORATION OF VITAMIN B6 SOLUTION BY ACTIVATED CARBON DENG Xian-lun;JIANG Jian-chun;LIU Han-chao;JIANG Zhao-xiong 2002, 22 (3):  89-90.  Abstract ( 506 )   PDF (376KB) ( 909 )   Save A special injection used activated carbon developed by Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products,CAF,was used in the experiment to decolor VB6 solution as a new technology in a VB6 production factory.Good results show that this activated carbon can be effectively used in the process of VB6 production. Related Articles | Metrics

研究报告

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RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG DISTILLATION, MAIN CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND YIELD OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA ZHANG Yan-jun;CHEN Li-fang 2002, 22 (3):  33-36.  Abstract ( 1117 )   PDF (710KB) ( 1577 )   Save Duration of distillation is one of the important factors affecting quality and yield of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia.Investigations on chemical constituents and yield of M. alternifolia oils collected at different times during distillation were carried out in this paper.Results showed that the main chemical components and yield of M. alternifolia oils were decreased accompanying increased duration,while sequiterpenoids increased.The oil yield is over 98% in the duration of 0-120 min,and it is less than 2% during 120-150 min.Thus,improved oil quality and decreased energy consumption could be resulted by controlling the duration of distillation. Related Articles | Metrics