Table of Content

25 April 2016, Volume 36 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Evaluation of Surface Free Energy of Maleopimaric Anhydride Modified 2K-WPU by Contact Angle Goniometry SI Hong-yan, SHANG Shi-bin, LIU He, WANG Dan, LIAO Sheng-liang, SONG Zhan-qian 2016, 36 (2):  1-8.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.001 Abstract ( 861 )   PDF (1049KB) ( 803 )   Save MPP-2K-WPU, PP-2K-WPU and D270-2K-WPU were prepared by crosslinking of hydrophilic-modified polyisocyanate with maleopimaric acid modified polyester polyol (MPP), polyester polyol (PP) and Bayhydrol D270 polyester polyol dispersion, respectively. The products were characterized by FT-IR and DSC. The influences of n(—NCO):n(—OH) and type of polyol component on contact angle, surface free energy and water resistance of 2K-WPU films were investigated. The experimental data were analyzed using Equation of State method and Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method. The results showed that water series test liquid (water, water-diiodomethane) was better to describe the surface properties of 2K-WPU, if it was compared with formamide series test liquid (formamide, formamide-diiodomethane). With increasing of n(—NCO):n(—OH), the surface free energy of MPP-2K-WPU decreased firstly and then increased, and the water resistance increased firstly and then decreased. MPP-2K-WPU exhibited the minimum surface free energy and the strongest water resistance when the n(—NCO):n(—OH) was 1.5:1. Compared with two kinds of control samples (PP-2K-WPU and D270-2K-WPU), the surface free energy of MPP-2K-WPU was the minimum, and its water resistance was the best. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Adsorption-photocatalytic Synergistic In(OH)3/AC Composites for Removal of Toluene Vapor in Air LI Chang-yu, WU Peng, FAN Xing, LIU Shou-xin 2016, 36 (2):  9-14.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.002 Abstract ( 731 )   PDF (1160KB) ( 767 )   Save In(OH)3/AC composites were prepared by one-step hydrothermal situ method using In(NO3)3 and hexamine (HMT) as precursor and activated carbon (AC) as carrier. XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), SEM and TEM were used to characterize the obtained composites. Toluene was used as a probe molecule to investigate the photocatalytic activity of the obtained composites. The results showed that the conjugation effect was presented between the AC bulk and In—O bond and the addition of AC not only affected the particle size distribution of In(OH)3 but also reduced the interplanar spacing and the degree of crystallinity of In(OH)3. AC has relationship with the adsorption intensity of composites, and has no apparent relations with the energy band structure and particle of morphology In(OH)3. The degradation rate of toluene was 98.25% under UV irradiation 60minutes when the addition of AC was 3%. This showed that the appropriate amount of activated carbon could effectively improve the photocatalytic performance of composites because In(OH)3/AC catalysts had synergetic effect of AC adsorption and In(OH)3 photocatalysis on the degradation of toluene. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Binding Ability of N-(2-Methylene Pyridine) Dehydroabietylamine Schiff Base and Its Copper Complex with Bovine Serum Albumin WANG Ping-ping, HUANG Zhi-xiang, GAO Wei-lin, ZHANG Jie, XU Wu-shuang, ZHANG Yu, LIU Qing-bo, LONG Jian-ying, FEI Bao-li 2016, 36 (2):  15-22.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.003 Abstract ( 765 )   PDF (1425KB) ( 696 )   Save The binding abilities of anticancer compounds N-(2-methylene pyridine) dehydroabietylamine Schiff bases (L) and its copper complex[Cu(L)2Br] Br(1) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) under simulated physiological conditions were investigated by UV absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD). The results indicated that the fluorescence quenching of BSA was a static process by 1, and a dynamic quenching by L. Binding constants(Ka), binding sites (n) and corresponding thermodynamic parameters (ΔG<0,ΔH>0 and ΔS>0) at different temperatures were calculated, respectively. The main binding force between BSA and the compounds was proved to be hydrophobic interaction. The binding reactions were spontaneous processes controlled by enthalpy and free energy. And the analysis of synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the binding of compounds changed BSA conformation, and circular dichroism confirmed that the binding interaction obviously modified the secondary structure of BSA from the typical α-helix structure into twisted chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Improving in Tannin-tolerance of Pachysolen tannophilus by UV Irradiation for Production of Fuel Ethanol ZHANG Ning, JIANG Jian-chun, YANG Jing, WEI Min, ZHAO Jian, TONG Ya-juan 2016, 36 (2):  23-29.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.004 Abstract ( 802 )   PDF (1051KB) ( 613 )   Save Two tannin-tolerance mutant strains P05 and P18 were obtained by UV irradiation, tannin gradient domestication and screening with Pachysolen tannophilus 1770 as the starting strain and the ethanol yield rate as screening factor. The tannin and ethanol tolerances of P18 and the original strain P. tannophilus 1770 were studied. The fermentation of acorn starch for ethanol production were also compared. The results showed that the genetic characters of P05 and P18 were stable. After generation through five passages, the ethanol concentrations in the fermentation liquid of P05 and P18 with 70 g/L acorn starch reached 71.30 and 77.07 g/L, and increased by 13.95% and 23.17% than that of P.tannophilus 1770, respectively. Compared with P.tannophilus 1770, P18 had better tannin tolerance and ethanol tolerance, the biomass of P18 increased 53.33% in the medium of 2.00% tannin, and increased 43.48% in the medium of 2.50% tannin. On the other hand, the ethanol tolerance of P18 increased 8.82% with the medium of 2.00% ethanol. By using P18, the extraction process in fermentation could decrease from 5 to 3 times. This simplify the production process and reduce the ethanol production cost. The optimal fermentation conditions of the acorn starch extracted for 3 times using P18 were determined as temperature 30 ℃, the pH value 5.5, and the inoculation quantity 6.0%-8.0%. The ethanol concentration in the fermentation liquid reached 85.18 g/L under these conditions, and the ethanol yield reached 0.37 g/g. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Water Solubility of Betulinic Acid/Diethylenetriamine-β-cyclodextrin Complex DONG Shi-hui, CUI Ming-jin, LIU Wei, ZHU Di, DU Yi-bo, WANG Ting 2016, 36 (2):  30-36.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.005 Abstract ( 698 )   PDF (1758KB) ( 594 )   Save Using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as raw material, the host molecule of diethylenetriamine-β-cyclodextrin (DETA-β-CD) was synthesized to encapsulate betulinic acid (BA). Saturated water solution method and freeze drying technique were used to prepare the solid state powder of BA/DETA-β-CD complex. IR, 1H NMR and SEM were used to illustrate the molecule recognition mechanism and host-guest interaction mode. MS and UPLC were employed to determine the BA content encapsulated in the complex. The results show that the hydrophobic of BA can penetrate into the DETA-β-CD cavity from the narrow side due to the hydrogen-bond interaction between the tether amino group and BA carboxyl group. The water solubility of BA was remarkably increased from 4.7×10-5 mmol/L to approximately 15.33 mmol/L due to the multiple identification effect on BA from the hydrophobic cavity of DETA-β-CD and low polyvinyl amine side chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electrochemical Properties of Phosphoric Acid Activated Carbon Modified by Melamine CHEN Ji-xi, ZUO Song-lin, WANG Yong-fang, HAO Jing 2016, 36 (2):  37-44.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.006 Abstract ( 864 )   PDF (2312KB) ( 829 )   Save Phosphoric acid activated carbon, modified by impregnating melamine, was heated at 500, 700,and 900 ℃ to obtain AC-N-500, AC-N-700 and AC-N-900. The feasibility of these activated carbon for electrode material of electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) were investigated. The effects of heat temperatures on the nitrogen-containing surface functional groups and the electrochemical properties of the modified activated carbons were also investigated. Nitrogen adsorption, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy, and electrochemical workstation were employed to analyze the pore structure, element contents, nitrogen-containing surface functional groups and electrochemical properties of the activated carbons, respectively. The results showed that the content of nitrogen decreased from 8.49% to 4.16%, and the specific surface area and total pore volume of the modified activated carbon decreased when the temperature increased from 500 ℃ to 900 ℃. It was found that the nitrogen atoms existed in the forms of N-6(pyridinic), N-5(pyrrolic/pyridone), N-Q(quaternary) and N-X(pyridine/N-oxide)on the surface of phosphoric acid activated carbon. The contents of N-6 and N-5 were slightly decreased with the increase of the treatment temperature from 500 to 900 ℃ and were gradually transformed to the N-Q form. The specific capacitance of the electrode material prepared from AC-N-700 could reach 203 F/g, and the material could reduce the resistance between the electrode and the electrolyte, and bring benefit to the conduction of the penetration of ions and charge. This suggested that phosphoric acid activated carbon had the potential as the electrode material of EDLC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dehydrogenation Polymerization of Isoeugenol and Formation of Lignin-carbohydrate Complexes with Presence of Polysaccharide YE Zhe-zi, XIE Yi-min, WU Chen-xi, WANG Peng, LE Xi 2016, 36 (2):  45-50.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.007 Abstract ( 667 )   PDF (953KB) ( 632 )   Save Dehydrogenation polymer (DHP) and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were prepared using isoeugenol as precursor of lignin biosynthesis by mixing method. The chemical structure of the polymers was analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The dehydrogenation polymerization reaction between DHP and polysaccharide (arabinogalactan) using the laccase as catalyst was investigated. The results showed that isoeugenol could be polymerized with arabinogalactan to form DHP and LCC catalyzed by laccase. The analysis of the 13C NMR spectra also indicated that the DHP was mainly composed of β-O-4, β-β, β-5 and β-1 subunits. The information from the aromatic carbons of lignin and resonance signals of the arabinogalactan could be found in the 13C NMR spectrum of the LCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Production of L-Lactic Acid by Bioconversion of Alkali Pretreated Corncob ZHANG Li, CHEN Xiao-pei, LI Xin, YU Shi-yuan, YONG Qiang 2016, 36 (2):  51-56.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.008 Abstract ( 661 )   PDF (1315KB) ( 625 )   Save Corncob pretreated by alkali was used as renewable raw material for L-lactic acid production by Rhizopus oryzae. The processes of separate saccharification and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) were studied. The results showed that the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of washed alkali pretreated corncob was better than that of unwashed alkali pretreated corncob. Water-washing process could enhance the fermentability of alkali pretreated corncob. The washed alkali pretreated corncob hydrolysate with 31.84 g/L glucose and 6.38 g/L xylose was converted to 14.65 g/L of L-lactic acid which was equivalent to a yield of 0.29 g/g dry biomass with SHF process at 40 ℃ for 48 h. In contrast, a higher L-lactic acid yield (0.44 g/g dry biomass) was achieved at 40 ℃ for 36 h, when the substrate concentration of 50 g/L washed alkali pretreated corncob was used in SFF process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Characterization of Demethylated Lignin Assisted by Microwave Irradiation XIA Cheng-long, XU Yu-zhi, LIU Xiao-huan, WANG Chun-peng 2016, 36 (2):  57-63.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.009 Abstract ( 842 )   PDF (899KB) ( 625 )   Save In order to improve the reaction activity of lignin, the demethylation modification was carried out with aid of microwave heating in the presence of hydrobromic acid and (HBr)-hexadecyltributylphosphonium bromide (TBHDPB). The effects of HBr dosage, temperature, time and dosage of catalyst TBHDPB on reaction were investigated. Structural and molecular weight of starting purified lignin and modified lignin were characterized by ultraviolet spectrum(UV), nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) and elemental analysis. The reaction activities of lignin before and after modification were evaluated by hydroxymethylation and Mannich reaction. The results showed that the content of phenolic hydroxyl group of modified lignin was 4.95%, which increased by 32.71%. When the acid reacted with the purified lignin at the dosage of 20 mmol/g at 95 ℃ for 1 h with TBHDTB (2% to Lignin) under microwave irradiation, the content of methoxyl group was 6.11%, which decreased by 20.44%. The reaction activity with formaldehyde increased by 18.15%, whereas the amino side chain increased by 7.54% compared with the starting lignin. The analyses of UV, 1H NMR and FT-IR confirmed the increase of the contents of phenolic hydroxyl group and methoxyl group. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ultrasonic Spray Drying of Polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Hupingzao and Its Effect on Product Quality ZHANG Yao-lei, HUANG Li-xin, ZHANG Cai-hong, XIE Pu-jun, ZHANG Qiong, DING Sha-sha 2016, 36 (2):  64-70.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.010 Abstract ( 690 )   PDF (1211KB) ( 769 )   Save Taking the hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, moisture content and particle size distribution of product as indexes, the ultrasonic spray drying(USD) of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Hupingzao and the effect of different drying methods, i.e. USD, two-fluid spray drying and vacuum freeze drying, on product qualities were studied. The results showed that the optimum technological conditions of USD were inlet air temperature 135 ℃, feed rate 16 mL/min and intake pressure 0.10 MPa. Under these conditions, the outlet air temperature,·OH scavenging rate, moisture content and particle size distribution of the product were 89 ℃, 50.83%, 4.91% and 9.14 μm, respectively. By means of IR spectra, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity and monosaccharide composition analysis, three drying methods had no effect on the activity, functional group and monosaccharide composition of the product, and the scavenging capacities were all about 50%. The polysaccharide was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose, and their molar ratio was 1:11:2:1:38:5. By means of SEM, moisture content and particle size distribution analysis, the products by ultrasonic spray drying and two-fluid spray drying were granular, but the products by vacuum freeze drying were showed in block, bar and needle shape. The particle size distribution of the product of USD was normal distribution with narrow range of 2-20 μm. The powder product produced by USD was better than the others. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Application of Tripeptide-cellulose Ester LI Yang, ZHU Jin-ke, LI Lian-jie, JIANG Deng-gao 2016, 36 (2):  71-78.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.011 Abstract ( 544 )   PDF (1378KB) ( 619 )   Save Tripeptide-cellulose ester (TPC) was synthesized by sequent acyl chlorination, esterification, peptide elongation and amino modification using microcrystalline cellulose as raw material and N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-proline(FMOC-L-Pro-OH), N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-valinamide-L-phenylalanine(FMOC-L-Val-L-Phe-OH), 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid as derivatization reagents. The experimental results showed that during the synthesis process, esterification, a key step, was performed firstly, and followed by the extension of peptide chain. The effects of various experimental factors on esterification and substitution degree (DS) were investigated. The optimal condition was described as that the mass concentration of avicel in LiCl/DMAc 20 g/L, the molar ratio of —C(O)Cl to the hydroxyl content of cellulose 3:1, reaction temperature 100 ℃ and reaction time 20 h. By the further peptide elongation and amino modification, the tripeptide-cellulose ester with DS 2.15 was synthesized. The structure and properties were then characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the modification of peptide by 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid was successful and the synthesis process was feasible. With the alteration of precipitants, the intramolecular hydrogen bond was different and the obtained derivatives had different characteristics and functionalities. The tripeptide-cellulose ester precipitated in methanol was good enteric-coating material with good shading effect and rapid disintegration, but the physiological toxicity needed further study. The tripeptide-cellulose ester (using water as the precipitant) could be coated onto silica gel to get a chiral stationary phase, which has a wider application than previous coated-cellulose chiral stationary phase. In addition, the stable chemical resistance of tripeptide-cellulose ester was particularly suitable for the mobile phase including tetrahydrofuran. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Modified Density Functional Theory in Pore Size Distribution Model of Activated Carbon WANG Guo-dong, JIANG Jian-chun, SUN Kang 2016, 36 (2):  79-86.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.012 Abstract ( 757 )   PDF (3282KB) ( 719 )   Save To improve the accuracy of Pore Size Distribution (PSD) for activated carbon, we adopt 4 kinds of Density Functional Theory (DFT) with different methods to calculate excess Helmholtz free energy. The excess adsorption of 3 kinds of gases (CH4, N2 and CO2) in slit pore with the pore size in the range from 0.65 to 5 nm was obtained using the pressure of 0.2-2 MPa at 298 K. The results of methods are similar for CH4 and N2, but for CO2, the results of MF and FMSA are underestimated comparing with the results of two DFT methods based on Weight Density Approximation. This means that correlation effect shall not be neglected in the excess Helmholtz free energy. WDA (Yu) with the smallest condition number of the kernel is more suitable for PSD study. Moreover, 6 numerical methods are used to fit 3 kinds of isotherms of 3 activated carbon samples with the average deviation between the fitting result and experiment data less than 5 %, and the required PSD models can be used to compare qualitatively for different samples. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and Characterization of Dehydroabietic Acid Derived ATRP Initiator YU Juan, WANG Li-jun, LIU Shao-feng, WANG Chun-peng, WANG Ji-fu, CHU Fu-xiang 2016, 36 (2):  87-93.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.013 Abstract ( 812 )   PDF (2089KB) ( 729 )   Save Dehydroabietic acid derived ATRP initiator, dehydroabietic acid (2-isobutyric acid bromide) ethyl ester of (DA-2-iBBrEH), was synthesized by esterification of 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide (2-BiBr) and dehydroabietic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester (DA-EH) which was obtained from the reaction of ethylene glycol (EG) and dehydroabietic chloride(DA-Cl) with dehydroabietic acid as raw material. Single-factor experiments were employed to investigate the effects of reaction conditions on the preparation of DA-EH and DA-2-iBBrEH. The results showed that the optimized conditions of DA-EH preparation were summarized as 4-dimethyaminopyridine (DMAP) using for catalyst,n(DA-Cl):n(EG):n(DMAP)=1:5:5, reaction time 5 h and reaction temperature 50 ℃. The optimized reaction ratio and catalyst of the preparation of DA-2-iBBrEH were n(DA-EH):n(2-BiBr):n(DMAP)=1:2:2 and DMAP, respectively. Then the resulting products were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Subsequently, poly(methyl methacryalte)(PMMA) was prepared using DA-2-iBBrEH as initiator. The GPC results showed that the molecular weight of PMMA was about 8 500 and PDI was 1.3. This indicated that DA-2-iBBrEH was a good ATRP initiator. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and Soldering Ability of Maleic Acid Monodehydroabietyl Ester QI Fan, YANG Yan-ping, SHANG Shi-bin, CAI Zhao-sheng, GAO Hong, HUANG Xu-juan 2016, 36 (2):  94-98.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.014 Abstract ( 741 )   PDF (1080KB) ( 721 )   Save Maleic acid monodehydroabietyl ester(MAMDE) was synthesized with dehydroabietic acid and maleic anhydride as starting materials. And the structure of MAMDE was characterized by means of ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR and MS. Dehydroabietic acid was transformed into dehydroabietic alcohol through LiAlH4 reduction reaction, and the MAMDE was obtained after the dehydroabietic alcohol reacted with maleic anhydride. The physical performance of MAMDE based flux (25% content) was tested and the soldering ability to Sn37Pb, Sn0.7Cu and Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder alloys were studied by using the spreading ratio method. The results showed that the physical stability, dryness and corrosivity to copper plate of MAMDE based flux, and the surface insulation resistance after welding were all met the standard, the expansion rates of Sn37Pb, Sn0.7Cu and Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu were 76.6%, 81.6% and 75.3%, and the soldering ability was better than refined hydrogenated rosin (RHR) based flux under the same condition. Sn37Pb and Sn0.7Cu solder alloys showed neater and brighter welding spots by using the MAMDE based flux compared to those by using refined hydrogenated rosin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermodynamic Equilibrium Model of Biomass Pyrolysis in Stratified Downdraft Gasifier XUE Ai-jun, PAN Ji-hong, TIAN Mao-cheng, ZHANG Guan-min, LENG Xue-li 2016, 36 (2):  99-108.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.015 Abstract ( 879 )   PDF (1189KB) ( 668 )   Save On the basis of mass balance, energy balance and chemical reaction equilibrium, the thermodynamic equilibrium model in flaming pyrolysis zone of stratified downdraft gasifier was developed including the consideration of ash as part of the exit products. Then it was solved by Newton method in Matlab. The calculated values were in good agreement with the experimental results and other models' results reported in literature. The model was used to analyze and calculate the flaming behavior in prolysis zone. The results showed that ER, moisture content and heat loss had obvious effect on the temperature and compositions of the product gas. The air preheated temperature and ash content also had obvious impact on the gas temperature, but no obvious impact on the gas compositions. With increment of ER and decreasing of moisture content, the possibility of slagging increased. As the ER value was lower than 0.392, the increasing of air preheated temperature had positive effect on gasification. However, for heat loss>14% and ER<0.32, the biomass cannot be pyrolyzed completely. The contents of H2O and CO2 in the product gas of flaming prolysis zone, which had important effect on the reaction of reduction zone, were 20%-25% and 10%-15% for corn stalk gasification. The model provided the initial parameters for development of reduction zone model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Characterization of Curcumin Nanosuspensions ZHANG Sheng-wei, LI Xiang-zhou, LI Wen-sheng, GU Sheng-hua 2016, 36 (2):  109-114.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.016 Abstract ( 954 )   PDF (1074KB) ( 818 )   Save In order to improve the water solubility of curcumin, curcumin nanosuspensions were prepared by high pressure homogenization technology, and the preparation process was optimized.The physicochemical properties and chemical structure of curcumin nanosuspensions were investigated by UV spectrometry, infrared spectrometry (IR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the mean particle size of curcumin nanosuspension was (171.00±8.56)nm, and the PI was (0.69±0.05) under optimal conditions of 100 MPa and 30 cycles. UV, IR, XRD,TEM and HPLC results showed that the chemical structures of curcumin nanosuspensions were not obviously changed, the curcumin nanoparticles were irregular spherical form, and the crystallinity decreased. The water solubilities of curcumin nanopowder were 62.85 mg/L enhanced by 90.48 times compared with curcumin powder. The dissolution velocities were significantly improved, and the dissolution rate reached up to 80% at the time of 120 min. The research indicated that high pressure homogenization technology could be successfully used to prepare curcumin nanosuspensions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Characterization of Lignin-silica Nanoparticles via Click Reaction XIONG Kai, JIN Can, WU Guo-min, LIU Gui-feng, KONG Zhen-wu 2016, 36 (2):  115-120.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.017 Abstract ( 828 )   PDF (1151KB) ( 747 )   Save Lignin-silica nanoparticles (LS-NPs) were prepared by grafting biodegradable lignin onto silica nanoparticles surface via the copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction using bamboo lignin as raw material. Azido group was firstly grafted onto the surface of silica nanoparticles by silanization reaction, then the azido silica nanoparticles were modified with propargylated lignin obtained from bamboo lignin to yield LS-NPs through triazole unitsvia click reaction catalyzed by copper(I). The chemical structures of LS-NPs were characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis and XPS. The morphology and physicochemical properties of LS-NPs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta potential and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Experimental results indicated that the diameter of LS-NPs was ranged from 50 to 100 nm. Particularly, the dispersibility and thermo stability of LS-NPs improved significantly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ethanol Production from Mixture of Furfural Residues and Cassava Residues by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentataion JI Li, ZHAO Peng-xiang, YOU Yan-zhi, BU Ling-xi, JIANG Jian-xin 2016, 36 (2):  121-128.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.018 Abstract ( 657 )   PDF (1242KB) ( 685 )   Save Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of furfural residues (FR) pretreated with green liquor and hydrogen peroxide (GL-H2O2) mixed with cassava residues(CR)with the addition of Sapindus mukurossi saponin to product ethanol was investigated in present study. The SSF was optimized by changing the substrate concentration, dosage of cellulase and the addition of saponin, and the corresponding concentrations of ethanol and by-products were analyzed. The results indicated that 56.5% furfural lignin was removed after 5 g/L substrate was treated by 0.6 g/g H2O2 and 2 mL/g GL, at 80 ℃ for 3 h. The ethanol concentration after SSF was 56.6 g/L, which was equivalent to the theoretical ethanol yield of 86.3%, as the mixture of pretreated FR and cassava residues with a mass ratio of 2:1 were fermented with the aid of 0.5 g/L Sapindus mukurossi saponin, 12 FPU/g cellulose, and 15 IU/g cellobiose enzyme, for 120 h. Moreover, the amounts of cellulose and generation of by-products were declined when the Sapindus mukurossi saponin was added, and the fluctuation of glycerol production was minimized. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of Isolongifolane Ketone and Hydrazine WANG Peng-na, XU Xu, CAI Tao, HUANG Jian-feng, WANG Shi-fa 2016, 36 (2):  129-133.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.019 Abstract ( 771 )   PDF (579KB) ( 815 )   Save Isolongifolane ketone Schiff base was synthesized with isolongifolane ketone and hydrazine as raw materials. The effects of different conditions on the reaction were studied by single factor and orthogonal experiments with the yield of the isolongifolane ketone Schiff base as the investigation index. The results showed that the optimized technological parameters were the catalyst dosage 0.6% (use the volume of all the material as the reference), ethanol as the solvent, reaction time 24 h, reaction temperature 78 ℃ and n(isolongifolane ketone):n(hydrazine) 1:5. Under these conditions, the yield of the product was 87.84%, and its chemical structure was analyzed by GC-MS,FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. They proved that the isolongifolane ketone Schiff base was synthesized. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Subsidy Policy Based on Learning Curve for Biomass Molding Fuels in China XU Jie, YUAN Zhen-hong, JIANG Yang, LI Wei-zhen, MA Long-long 2016, 36 (2):  134-138.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.02.020 Abstract ( 708 )   PDF (685KB) ( 775 )   Save Through the comprehensive investigation and analysis of the biomass molding fuels (BMF) industry in China, with combination of the development track and the related targets of the government for this industry, the learning curve for BMF was developed and validated in this study. On the basis of this learning curve, the BMF costs in the future were forecasted, and the formulation of subsidy policy was investigated to achieve the commercialization and utilize the production of 50 million tons BMF in the year of 2020. The results showed that in order to realize the targets, the BMF cost should be lowered to 462 CNY (Chinese Yuan)/ton, at which scenario the learning coefficient is 0.509 and the learning rate is 70.2%. For promoting the technological progress, the government should subsidize BMF industry before 2020, the maximal annual subsidy is about 600 million CNY in 2016, and the total subsidy from 2012 to 2020 is about 41.24 billion CNY. References | Related Articles | Metrics