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    25 June 2016, Volume 36 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
    Theoretical and Experimental Study on Cyclic Compound Formation in Lignin Pyrolysis Based on Quantum Chemistry
    TIAN Hong, CHEN Bin-bin, LUO Hai-yin, YAO Can
    2016, 36 (3):  1-8.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.001
    Abstract ( 797 )   PDF (1040KB) ( 647 )   Save
    The microstructure of lignin was analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and the pyrolysis products of lignin were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results showed that the second condensation reaction of the cracking product did not occur at 300 and 400℃, and the complex structures such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were not detected. At 800℃, the relative contents of benzene and toluene increased while the phenol content was stable. Meanwhile, the polyaromatic hydrocarbons were observed. The molecular dynamics simulation of the cracking reaction process of lignin was carried out based on the density functional theory B3LYP/6-31G(d, p). The comparison between the calculated and experimental results showed that the fracture of C=C bond, the loss of hydroxyl (path R5-1) and the fracture of C1-Cα bond (path R5-2) appeared at 300-400℃. The fracture of C1-Cα bond (path R4-1), the detachment of methoxyl functional groups on the benzene ring (path R4-4) and the homolytic reaction of methoxyl functional groups on the benzene ring (path R5-3) were proceeded at 400-800℃;C1-Cα bond (path R4-2) was fractured, more likely than the homolytic reaction of methoxyl functional groups on the benzene ring (path R4-3). The products of paths 2, 3 and 5 could be obtained as the temperature was over than 800℃, and their corresponding products were phenanthrene, biphenyl and pyrene, respectively.
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    Performance of Wooden Molding Activated Carbon by High-temperature Reforming
    XU Wei, LIU Jun-li, SUN Kang, SONG Yao-guang
    2016, 36 (3):  9-15.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.002
    Abstract ( 683 )   PDF (1201KB) ( 645 )   Save
    The effect of high-temperature reforming method on the performance of commercial wooden molding activated carbon materials prepared by phosphoric acid activation was studied. The effects of different heating and cooling modes,reforming temperature and reforming time on the strength of activated carbon materials were investigated. The results showed that when the activated carbon were heated to 800℃ by rapid heating-up and reformed for 30-75 min before rapid cooling (fast heating/fast cooling (FH/FC)),the strength of activated carbon increased by 5.75%-6.39% and the yield of activated carbon maintained more than 83.54% which was higher efficiency than that by the method of gradient increased temperature/natural drop (GI/ND) in temperature. The pore structure and adsorption capacity of activated carbon after reforming at 800℃ for 30 and 60 min were also studied. The results showed that the specific surface area and total pore volume of activated carbon decreased by about 400 m2/g and 0.3 m3/g, respectively. The proportion of pores with pore size distribution smaller than 1.2 nm was increased. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue showed a small decrement. The adsorption capacity of iodine was slightly increased. The butane working capacity was decreased less than 15%. After high-temperature reforming,the ignition point of activated carbon significantly was increased. When activated carbon reformed for 60 min at 800℃,its ignition temperature improved by more than 100℃. It mainly related to the reduction of the amount of oxygen functional groups on the surface of activated carbon after high-temperature reforming.
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    Quantitative Determination of Ferulic and p-Coumaric Acids in Cell Wall of Moso Bamboo Green and Bamboo Yellow
    HUANG Cao-xing, HE Juan, MIN Dou-yong, LI Xin, DU Li-ting, YONG Qiang
    2016, 36 (3):  16-22.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.003
    Abstract ( 818 )   PDF (1097KB) ( 665 )   Save
    Moderate alkali hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis were applied to quantitatively determine the amount of ferulic and p-coumaric acid in the cell wall of Moso bamboo green and bamboo yellow. The results indicated that 3.07% of ferulic acid and 5.91% of p-coumaric acid were found in the bamboo green cell wall. And 1.61% ferulic acid and 4.64% p-coumaric acid were ester-linked to the bamboo green cell wall components, while 1.46% ferulic acid and 1.27% p-coumaric acid were ether-linked to the cell wall component. For bamboo yellow, there were 3.11% of ferulic acid and 5.51% of p-coumaric acid. The amounts of ester-linked and ether-linked ferulic acid were 1.71% and 1.40%, respectively. And the amounts of ester-linked and ether-linked p-coumaric acid were 4.34% and 1.17%, respectively. Two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonance(2D-HSQC NMR) confirmed that the ester-linked ferulic and p-coumaric acid in the alkaline-soluble lignins of bamboo green and bamboo yellow might be esterified in the γ position of β-O-4 aryl ether bonds in the lignin.
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    Effects of Penetrating Agent on Properties of Eucalyptus Woodchips Chemi-mechanical Pulping
    DENG Yong-jun, FANG Gui-gan, HAN Shan-ming, JIAO Jian, LI Hong-bin, LIANG Fang-min, LIN Yan, LIANG Long
    2016, 36 (3):  23-28.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.004
    Abstract ( 711 )   PDF (955KB) ( 609 )   Save
    The effects of penetrating agent on the properties of eucalyptus woodchips chemi-mechanical pulping were studied. The results showed that the performances of different type of penetrants were quite different in the eucalyptus woodchips chemi-mechanical pulping properties. Among these, sodium diethylhexyl sulfosuccinate penetrant exhibited the best performance on improving the impregnation of eucalyptus woodchips. With the dosage of penetrant of 0.4%, the chemical liquor absorption amount and NaOH absorption rate of wood chips respectively increased by 7.34% and 9.97% respectively, if they were compared with the blank groups. At the Canadian standard freeness (CSF) level of 300 mL, with the addition of 0.4% sodium diethylhexyl sulfosuccinate at the impregnation stage, the refining energy consumption and shives content in pulp were reduced by over 9% and 46%, respectively, if they were compared to the control pulp sample. And the tensile strength, burst strength and tear strength were increased by 11.4%, 14.3% and 15.6%, respectively, without losing brightness.
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    Performance Characterization of Ag2O/Regenerated Cellulose Spherical Aerogel
    WU Peng, LIU Zhi-ming, PENG Tao, WANG Yu
    2016, 36 (3):  29-35.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.005
    Abstract ( 550 )   PDF (2124KB) ( 637 )   Save
    In order to investigate the adsorption ability of regenerated cellulose aerogel to iodine vapor, regenerated cellulose spherical aerogels(RCSA) were prepared from natural bamboo fibers and then Ag2O/RCSA were fabricated by adsorption and reaction of ammine silver complex ion on the surface of cellulose. In addition, the adsorption ability to iodine was studied by taking 127I as the radioisotope of 131I. The morphology, crystal form and pore structure of Ag2O/RCSA were characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and BET specific surface area. The results showed that the color of RCSA turned from white to brown with the appending of Ag2O nanoparticles, but the original three-dimensional network structure cellulose aerogels didn't change. Ag2O nanoparticles uniformly distributed in the cellulose backbone and closely combined with cellulose. Both N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms of RCSA and Ag2O/RCSA exhibited the characteristics of type Ⅳ isotherms. The BET specific surface area and BJH pore volume of Ag2O/RCSA decreased obviously compared with those of RCSA, and there was little change in the size of the average pore diameter. The adsorption of Ag2O/RCSA to iodine vapor was physical adsorption by porous aerogel and chemical adsorption by turning Ag2O into AgI, and the total iodine vapor adsorption capacity of Ag2O/RCSA was 87.8 mg/g.
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    Adsorption Performance of Silver Ions on Lignosulfonate-polyethylaniline Composite
    LAI Wen-hui, WANG Jian-chi, CHEN Wei-ya, GUI Zu-yan, LÜ Qiu-feng
    2016, 36 (3):  36-42.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.006
    Abstract ( 739 )   PDF (2540KB) ( 550 )   Save
    Lignosulfonate-polyethylaniline (LSP) composite was prepared via an in-situ polymerization from N-ethylaniline (NEA) monomers with using lignosulfonate (LS) as a dispersant. The adsorption performance of silver ions on the LSP composite was examined under different adsorption conditions. The results showed that the structure of polyethylaniline was not destroyed by the introducting of LS. Adsorption performances of silver ions onto LSP composites prepared under different LS feed contents are quite different. Meanwhiles, adsorption conditions including adsorption time, initial silver ion concentration and adsorption temperature, greatly affected the adsorption performances. When the LS feed content was 10%, the obtained LSP10 composite exhibited an optimal silver-ion adsorption capacity with saturated adsorption capacity of 1 799.8 mg/g. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism was verified by measuring the decline in pH value of the silver-ion solution during the adsorption process, and by characterizing the product of the LSP10 composite after adsorption. The results showed that silver ions were reduced to silver nanoparticles with diameters of 8-72 nm during the adsorption process by ions exchange and redox reaction between the LSP10 composite and silver ions.
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    Hydrothermal Depolymerization Characteristics of Alkali Lignin in Ru/C and Formic Acid/Formate System
    LI Xiao-hong, WU Shu-bin
    2016, 36 (3):  43-52.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.007
    Abstract ( 649 )   PDF (1252KB) ( 575 )   Save
    Hydrothermal depolymerization of lignin were conducted in catalytic system of formic acid/formate and Ru/C at 275-350℃. The effects of hydrogen donator type and dosage, temperature, different fractions of alkali lignin on hydrothermal depolymerization were investigated by GC-MS and GC-FID. The results showed that the best catalytic effect with highest liquid product yield was realized when the degradation was conducted in the co-catalyst system of formic acid and Ru/C, and the component of liquid product (LP) was relatively simple. The yield of LP achieved the maximum when the dosage of formic acid was 0.8 mol/L. Furthermore, as the most monomer phenols in LP, 4-methyl guaiacol gained a 32.77% share. With the rising reaction temperature, the yield of LP increased at first and then decreased, and peaked at 325℃. L1, L2 and L3 were three different fractions of alkali lignin. Among them, L1 made the 61.80% contribution to the yields of LP , and the maximum total yield of main monomer phenols, i.e., 112.71 mg/g, was achieved. Among the monomers, guaiacol and 4-methy-guaiacol were dominant components, and represented 35.38 and 35.52 mg/g, respectively. Proper isolation of lignin before hydrothermal conversion was benefit for the liquefaction reaction.
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    Callus Culture of Acacia mearnsii De Wilde and Analysis on Proanthocyanidin
    XU Ling-ling, YANG Yang, WANG Fei
    2016, 36 (3):  53-59.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.008
    Abstract ( 618 )   PDF (1020KB) ( 646 )   Save
    This paper studied proanthocyanidins in callus of Acacia mearnsii De Wilde. Callus were obtained by inoculating leaf explants on MS medium, and supplemented with the combination of 6-BA and 2,4-D. The content of total phenolic compounds and proanthocyanidins in the 12 different treatments were tested by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and vanillin assay, respectively. Proanthocyanidins in callus were characterized by ESI-MS. The results showed that the leaf explants of A.mearnsii treated with 0.25 mg/L 6-BA in combination with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D resulted in a higher rate of callus formation, better growth and maximum content of total phenolic compounds 20.19 mg/g and proanthocyanidins 11.10 mg/g, which is suitable for proliferation culture. We detected monomer, dimer and trace trimer in callus of A.mearnsii, too.
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    Upgrading of Light Fraction in Bio-oil by Catalytic Esterification and Water Removal
    LU Jun-xiang, GUO Shu-jun, CHANG Jie, FU Yan
    2016, 36 (3):  60-66.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.009
    Abstract ( 745 )   PDF (1259KB) ( 702 )   Save
    Stable oxygenated liquid fuel and sugars derivatives were obtained by esterification and water removal of crude bio-oil over Amberlyst-36 ion-exchange resin. The effects of reaction time, catalyst dosage and alcohol-oil ratio were investigated. The results showed that the optimum upgrading conditions were alcohol-oil ratio 1.5:1.0, 15% catalyst dosage and 4 h. Under these operation factors, the acid number of upgraded bio-oil reduced from 72.23 mg/g to 3.98 mg/g, water content decreased from 53.06% to 3.34%, heating value increased from 8.75 MJ/kg to 31.50 MJ/kg. The GC-MS analysis showed that the labile acids, aldehydes and ketones of crude bio-oil could transform to stable oxygenated compounds, and the GC content of stable compounds (esters, alcohols and ethers) reached up to 74.70%. Crude bio-oil and upgrading bio-oil were kept for 3 months to compare the changes of characteristics. The results showed that crude bio-oil was extremely unstable and viscosity increased from 3.21 mm2/s to 48.24 mm2/s. In contrast, upgrading bio-oil was relatively stable and the physicochemical properties were improved significantly. Moreover, 20.00 g upgrading bio-oil, 30.00 g distilled water and 30.00 g dichloromethane were mixed adequately for separation of sugar derivatives. It was found that sugar derivatives could almost completely separate from upgrading bio-oil. The mass of crude sugars was 1.24 g and the total GC content of sugar derivatives was 87.92%, in which β-D-glucopyranoside, butyl accounted for 75.28%.
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    Biodiesel Production from Pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oils
    ZHAO Jia-ping, JIANG Jian-chun, XU Jun-ming, YANG Hua
    2016, 36 (3):  67-72.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.010
    Abstract ( 1164 )   PDF (869KB) ( 732 )   Save
    Waste cooking oil were used to produce biodiesel by pyrolysis and esterification reaction The results showed that main components in pyrolytic oil was main alkanes and alkenes with the carbon chain between C10 and C18(total content reach 64%), and a small amount of carboxylic acid compounds. Fuel properties of pyrolytic products were great promoted by esterification reaction. The esterificatied product exhibited good performances with acid value 0.29 mg/g, viscosity 2.58 mm2/s, calorific value 44 MJ/kg, pour point -7℃, and cold filter plugging point -3℃. They met national standard biodiesel. The performance of diesel engine when blend 0# diesel oil with waste cooking oil biodiesel was tested. The test showed that power and torque of the blending fuel are basically the same, and exhaust emissions of diesel engine are more green than 0# diesel.
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    Effect of Molybdenum Trioxide on Flame Retardant Properties of Phenolic Foams Halogen-free System
    MA Yu-feng, WANG Chun-peng, CHU Fu-xiang
    2016, 36 (3):  73-80.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.011
    Abstract ( 610 )   PDF (1379KB) ( 616 )   Save
    Halogen-free synergistic flame retardant system was composed of ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and molybdenum trioxide. The influences of the amount of MoO3 on properties of flame retardant system composite phendic foans (FRSCPFS) including heat release, smoke release and mechanical properties, etc, were investigated. The results showed that compared with pure phenolic foam, average limit oxygen index (ILO) of FRSCPFs increased around 73%. The residual carbon (900℃) increased slightly when MoO3 amount≤1.5%, and then decreased. Heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), oxygen consumption (O2C), and production of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (COP and CO2P) reduced about 75%, 68%, 68%, 28% and 41%, respectively. Average total smoke release (TSR) increased about 72%. Average rate of heat emission (ARHE) decreased slightly when MoO3 amount≤1.5% and then increased. The flame retardant system was proved that flame retardant mainly played a role in the gas phase and agreed with the gas phase flame retarding mechanism by the increase of specific extinction area (SEA) and by the effect heat of combustion (EHC). Average bending and compression strength reduced about 29% and 19%, respectively. By comprehensively comparing various performances, the properties of FRSCPFs were best when the amount of MoO3 was 1.5%.
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    Comparation Study of DNA Binding Property with Dehydrobietic Benzimidazole Schiff Base and Hydrazone Derivatives
    YIN Bin, XU Wu-shuang, XIE Jing-cong, ZHANG Yu, LIU Qing-bo, LONG Jian-ying, FEI Bao-li
    2016, 36 (3):  81-87.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.012
    Abstract ( 646 )   PDF (1171KB) ( 661 )   Save
    Two derivatives of dehydroabietylamine and dehydroabietic acid, i.e., dehydroabietic-1-methyl benzoimidazol Schiff base (1) and dehydroabietic-1-methyl benzoimidazol hydrazone (2) were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, MS, elemental analysis and 1H NMR. Their interactions with salmon sperm DNA were investigated by fluorescence spectra, viscosity analysis and circular dichronism spectra. In fluorescence spectra, different concentrations of compounds 1 and 2 were added into DNA-EB system, and with the increase of concentration, the quenching effect of fluorescence intensity of DNA-EB system was obviously occurred. The results suggested that the compounds might be inserted into the base pairs of DNA, just like EB. According to Stern-Volmer equation analysis, the interaction of compound 1 and DNA was better than that of compound 2. With the increase of concentration of compounds 1 and 2, the viscosity of DNA increased gradually, and the increase amplitude of compound 1 was greater than that of compound 2. CD spectra showed that the same concentration of different compounds could make different changes of the CD signal quantity of the DNA, and the influence of compound 1 on the conformation of DNA was greater than compound 2. The three experimental results indicated that the two compounds bound to DNA by intercalation mode. The results of agarose gel electrophoresis suggested that compounds 1 and 2 could cleave PBR322 plasmid DNA by single strand in the presence of ascorbic acid. While in the absence of ascorbic acid, only compound 1 showed the same activity. All the data showed that Schiff base had stronger DNA binding ability.
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    Inhibition Effect of Active Components from Litsea cubeba(Lour.)Pers. Oil on Wood Fungi
    GUO Dan, LI Zhao-shuang, WANG Peng, CHEN Shang-xing, FAN Guo-rong, WANG Zong-de
    2016, 36 (3):  88-94.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.013
    Abstract ( 737 )   PDF (965KB) ( 675 )   Save
    In order to screen high-effective fungicide against 3 common wood fungi, i.e., Poria vaporaria, Trichoderm aviride and Coriolus versicolor, the antifungal activities of essential oil and derivatives from Litsea cubeba(Lour.) Pers. oil (10 kinds of compounds) were investigated by mycelium growth rate. The toxicity equations of inhibition rates against three fungi were established. The results showed that the ten kinds of compounds exhibited certain antifungal activity, and with the increasing concentration, antifungal activity became stronger. The inhibition effects of the ten compounds on the three wood fungi were respectively analyzed in comparison with the effect of triadimefon. The results showed that the most powerful compounds against Poria vaporaria, Trichoderm aviride, and Coriolus versicolor were citral acetal 1,2-propanediol, beta-iononeand irone, respectively. And their EC50 values were 18.69, 23.50 and 32.21 mg/L, respectively. The cell membranes of three fungi were damaged by citral acetal 1,2-propanediol, beta-ionone and irone. This indicated that, the wood preservation of Litsea cubeba oil was related with the damage of cell membranes of fungi.
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    Effect of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Leaf Extracts on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells and Anti-angiogenesis Activities
    LUAN Fang-fei, LI Xiang-zhou, HUANG Dan, ZHANG Sheng, ZHOU Jun
    2016, 36 (3):  95-100.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.014
    Abstract ( 676 )   PDF (1611KB) ( 652 )   Save
    The influences of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaf extracts (EULE) on proliferation and apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cell HCT116 in vitro, as well as the anti-angiogenesis activity of EULE, were investigated. MTT method was used to examine the effect of EULE and positive control drug-cisplatin on proliferation of HCT116 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. Otherwise, flow cytometry instrument was used to determine the effect of EULE on apoptosis of HCT116. The results showed that EULE had a certain inhibition on HCT116 cell proliferation, as well as the good dose-effect relationship, but the inhibition rate was slightly lower than the rate of inhibition of cisplatin. The impact of EULE on the rate of apoptosis of HCT116 cells was not obvious. The effect of EULE on HUVEC cell proliferation had a concentration-dependent manner, and it showed promoting effect at low concentrations and inhibiting effect at high concentration. The inhibition rates of 100, 200, 400, 800 mg/L EULE treatment group to HCT116 cell were 6.50%, 10.52%, 16.99%, 56.49%, and the apoptosis rates were 0.00%, 5.90%, 7.00%, 4.50%, respectively.The inhibition rate to HUVEC was 41.59% when the contrention of EULE was 800mg/L. This shows that the E. ulmoides Oliv. leaf extracts has anti-angiogenesis activity only when it reaches a certain concentration.
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    Dissolution-regeneration of Ethylenediamine Pretreated Wheat Straw Pulp in LiCl/DMSO
    XIA Jian-yu, LIU Zhu-lan, CAO Yun-feng, WANG Zhi-guo
    2016, 36 (3):  101-106.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.015
    Abstract ( 672 )   PDF (1170KB) ( 609 )   Save
    Oxygen-delignified wheat straw soda pulp were pretreated by ethylenediamine(EDA) and then dissolved in 8%LiCl/DMSO solution system. The effects of ethylenediamine on the pulp properties and its dissolution-regeneration performance in LiCl/DMSO were studied. The results showed that the crystal structure of EDA pretreated pulp was altered but still had a high crystallinity. The EDA-pretreated wheat straw pulps could be completely dissolved in 8%LiCl/DMSO. With the increase of the lignin content, more time was required to form the homogeneous solution. The dissolved samples could be regenerated by being poured into water. The yields of the regenerated fractions were ranged from 59.19% to 61.88%. The lignin, polysaccharide, ash, and silicon were preserved well after the dissolution-regeneration.
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    Pyrolysis Characteristics, Kinetics and Product Components of Extracted Salix cheilophila Schneid.
    ZHANG Zhong-tao, WANG Wen-liang, GENG Jing, CHANG Jian-min
    2016, 36 (3):  107-113.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.016
    Abstract ( 704 )   PDF (882KB) ( 638 )   Save
    Three kinds of extraction pretreatment, including hot-water, 1% NaOH and benzene-alcohol extraction methods, were used to improve the quality of pyrolytic products derived from Salix cheilophila Schneid. The pyrolytic products were investigated by TG-FT-IR and Py-GC/MS. The Results indicated that hot-water and benzene-ethanol extractions decreased the yields of char residues while 1% NaOH extraction was in reverse. The kinetics analysis using Coats-Redfern method showed that low temperature section was fitted well with the first order kinetics, and the high section was fitted well with the second order kinetics. Extraction pretreatments had positive effect to the pyrolysis reaction because of the reduction of the activation energies. GC content of phenols and ketones were increased after the 1% NaOH extraction pretreatment. After the hot-water extraction pretreatment, the GC content of aldehydes, phenols and acids decreased while the content of esters and ethers increased. There was no obvious change in GC content of pyrolysis components with the pretreatment of benzene-ethanol extraction.
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    Extraction Process and Antioxidant Activity of Pinus taeda L. Polysaccharides
    XU Xiao-xiang, YIN Xiao-li, HONG Yan-ping, ZOU Kai, SHANGGUAN Xin-chen, LIANG Qiang
    2016, 36 (3):  114-120.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.017
    Abstract ( 845 )   PDF (1165KB) ( 753 )   Save
    With the polysaccharides yield as target, the polysaccharides from pine needles of Pinus taeda L. was extracted and its antioxidant activity in vitro was determined. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology of polysaccharides from pine needles of P. taeda was confirmed by using Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimal extraction process conditions were ultrasonic time 25 min, water extraction time 1 h, liquid-material ratio of 25:1(mL:g) and extraction temperature 91℃. Under optimal conditions, the yield of polysaccharides was up to 1.867%. The antioxidant activity in vitro was evaluated by measuring the DPPH·,·OH and ABTS+ free radical removal ability. As a result, the pine needle polysaccharides had a relatively strong capacity to scavenge DPPH,OH and ABTS+ free radical. They had a better concentration-response relationship. It showed that pine needle polysaccharides had an obvious antioxidant activity.
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    Synthesis and Process Optimization of Hydrogenation of Natural Anisyl Acetone Using Lewis Acid as Catalysts
    WANG Yong, WU Guang-yao, MA Li, ZHU Kai
    2016, 36 (3):  121-126.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.018
    Abstract ( 848 )   PDF (849KB) ( 724 )   Save
    Synthesis of natural anisyl acetone was investigated by using natural base to Asia anisyl acetone as raw material, Lewis acid as catalyst, cyclohexane as a source of hydrogen. Different Lewis acid catalysts with different solvents were screened. The optimum synthesis conditions were determined based on the orthogonal test results as follows: the reaction temperature is 35℃, n(AlCl3):n(asia anisyl acetone)4:1 and n(cyclohexane):n(asia anisyl acetone)4:1.Three experiments were carried out under these conditions. A good stability was obtained. The yield of the product 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone could reach 95%. Reaction mechanism and selective of product were discussed. The structure of the product was identified by FT-IR, GC-MS and 1H NMR spectrum.
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    Research Advance in Isolation and Application of Levopimaric Acid
    QI Zhi-wen, JIANG Li-hong, WANG Ya-ming, ZHANG Sai
    2016, 36 (3):  127-132.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.019
    Abstract ( 846 )   PDF (840KB) ( 920 )   Save
    This article outline the isolation process, chemical properties and recent progress of levopimaric acid and its derivatives in recent years. The isolation of levopimaric acid mainly depended on the amine reaction, recrystallization and capillary column separation methods. According to the structural characteristics, the pure sample of levopimaric acid could be used to synthesize a wide range of fine chemicals, such as heat conductive material, surface active agent by carboxyl esterification and diene addition, etc. It could be used as a good compound for the selective synthesis of chiral materials with biological activity, too.
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    Resource Utilization of Furfural Production Wastewater and Residues
    SHI Ying-qiao, DING Lai-bao, PAN Ai-xiang, LIANG Long, RAN Miao, FANG Gui-guan
    2016, 36 (3):  133-138.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2016.03.020
    Abstract ( 1028 )   PDF (869KB) ( 699 )   Save
    The temperature and acetic acid content of wastewater from furfural production were 95-99℃ and 1.43%-2.84%. Moreover, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and BOD/COD of raw wastewater were 10 000-20 000 mg/L, 2 500-3 000 mg/L and 0.20-0.25, respectively. The sustainable development of furfural industry was seriously restricted by the difficult biodegradation of furfural wastewater. Several newly-developed extraction agents in combination with multi-stage counter current extraction could recycle more than 90% of acetic acid in furfural wastewater and the extraction efficiency could reach 97%-99%. The calcium oxide neutralization-double effect evaporation-distillation technology has been applied to neutralize acid of wastewater. The waste heat energy was recovered and a lot of acetic acid of wastewater was also recovered efficiently to produce environmental protection type calcium magnesium acetate(CMA) snowmelt agent. This technology could greatly reduce the production cost of traditional CMA snowmelt agent and realize the zero discharge of wastewater. After high temperature fermentation, furfural production waste residue was made into the organic fertilizer, or lignin and fiber ethanol were acquired simultaneously with the production of furfural. And this also showed a good prospect of industrialization.
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