Table of Content

25 June 2017, Volume 37 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Review on Phosphoric Acid Activation for Preparation of Activated Carbon (Ⅰ):Roles of Phosphoric Acid ZUO Songlin 2017, 37 (3):  1-9.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.001 Abstract ( 2464 )   PDF (2451KB) ( 1456 )   Save Phosphoric acid activation is a principal method of the chemical activations to produce activated carbons, and has a history of around 30 years in the laboratory-scale investigation and the industrial application. In this article, the author systemically reviewed the roles that phosphoric acid played in the process of H3PO4 activation for the first time. From the chemical point of view, phosphoric acid played in promoting hydrolysis of biopolymers in lignocellulosic materials (1), catalyzing dehydration of biopolymers (2) and aromatization reaction of carbon atoms (3), initiating crosslink reaction with biopolymers (4), and evolution of pores (5). Moreover, three sequential stages were considered to be necessary for the deep incorporation of H3PO4 solution into the interior of botanic structures, which include fast diffusion, hydrolysis and post diffusion. Meantime, the roles that the activating agents play in H3PO4 activation and ZnCl2 activation are compared. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Progress in Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid and Its Esters to γ-Valerolactone ZHANG Ying, LI Chuang, FU Yao 2017, 37 (3):  10-20.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.002 Abstract ( 974 )   PDF (1436KB) ( 659 )   Save So far, various platform molecules have been obtained from biomass and its derivatives. Among these molecules, γ-valerolactone (GVL) is widely used because of its high stability, low toxicity and low volatility. In this paper, various catalytic reaction systems such as H2 gas, formic acid (FA) or alcohols as hydrogen source for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) and its esters to GVL are summarized. The future research trends of the selective hydrogenation of LA to GVL are suggested. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on Preparation and Application of Wood Vinegar LU Xincheng, JIANG Jianchun, SUN Kang, SUN Yunjuan 2017, 37 (3):  21-30.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.003 Abstract ( 1248 )   PDF (2944KB) ( 1108 )   Save The influences of raw materials, preparation conditions and catalyst on the physical and chemical properties of wood vinegar are summarized. The refining processes, including setting method, distillation, extraction, activated carbon adsorption and membrane filtration method, are summarized, too. The applications of wood vinegar in agriculture, forest, animal husbandry, medicine and foodstuff, and so on, are introduced. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and Properties of Terpene-based Nonisocyanate Polyurethanes Modified with POSS LIU Guifeng, WU Guomin, KONG Zhenwu 2017, 37 (3):  31-37.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.004 Abstract ( 816 )   PDF (1771KB) ( 607 )   Save A series of novel biomass-based nonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) were successfully prepared via the reactions of terpene-based cyclic carbonate originated from forestry renewable resources with diamines(hexanediamine, ethylenediamine, isophorane diamine, triethylenetetramine, and so on). Then the NIPUs were modified with epoxy-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquiaxane(POSS) to form NIPU/POSS coatings. The chemical structures of the NIPUs and NIPU/POSSs were characterized by FT-IR. The influences of reaction temperature and POSS dosage on the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting coatings were investigated. The results showed that no side reaction was observed as the reaction temperature was 100℃ or over 100℃. The NIPU/POSS coatings exhibited excellent properties that were flexibility (0.5 mm), adhesion (grade:1) and impact strength (≥ 50 cm). Additionally, the introduction of POSS into the NIPU networks endowed the coating with improved the pencil hardness (3H), water resistance (24 h water uptake 11.73%) while compared with those of the parent NIPU. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dissolution Mechanism of Lignin in Chinese-fir Cell Walls During Chlorite Pretreatment WU Boshi, ZHANG Xun, YANG Jun, XU Feng 2017, 37 (3):  38-44.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.005 Abstract ( 976 )   PDF (1960KB) ( 642 )   Save Chlorite pretreatment can selectively remove lignin of cell walls and release cellulose and hemicellulose, which can provide the potential for converting to energy resource, chemical products and biomaterials. In order to study the mechanism of delignification, the dynamic changes of lignin distribution and content in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook (Chinese fir) cell walls during chlorite pretreatment were investigated by confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The results showed that the lignin dissolution during the chlorite pretreatment could be clearly divided into four stages:slight removal of lignin (Ⅰ),slow penetration of liquid (Ⅱ), rapid dissolution of lignin (Ⅲ), and the equilibrium phase of delignification (Ⅳ). Although the lignin distributed distinctly in morphological regions,i.e.,cell corner(CC), compound middle lamella(CML), and secondary wall(SW), the distributions were inhomogeneous. Therefore, the removal rates in these areas were different and followed the decreasing order of cell corner > compound middle lamella > secondary wall. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Magnetic Solid Acid Catalyst S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Fe3O4 and Its Application for Catalytic Liquefaction of Switchgrass WU Haitang, ZHENG Jilu, LIANG Mingwei, ZHANG Junhua 2017, 37 (3):  45-52.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.006 Abstract ( 699 )   PDF (1181KB) ( 475 )   Save Magnetic solid acid catalyst S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Fe3O4 was prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation methods and used to catalyze the liquefaction of Panicum virgatum L.(switchgrass)in ethanol. The physicochemical properties and structure of the catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method (BET), temperature programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3-TPD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The influences of Al/Zr molar ratio and calcination temperature on the catalytic performance were investigated. Moreover, the effects of reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time, as well as mass of catalyst on liquefaction of switchgrass were studied. The experimental results indicated that the catalyst with a Al/Zr molar ratio of 1/1 calcined at 650℃ showed the best activity. An optimum bio-fuel yield of 56% was obtained under the reaction temperature of 260℃, catalyst amount of 4% and 2.5 h of reaction time. The chemical composition of the liquefaction production was identified by GC-MS, in which esters, alcohols and hydrocarbons were the dominate. After 3 times of reuse, the recovery rate of the catalyst still reached 87.5%, and the bio-fuel yield decreased by 12%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Characterization of Poly (Lactic Acid)/Wood Flour Modified with Cyanuric Chloride/Oleyl Amine Composites YANG Linqiang, WU Meiting, JIN Liwei 2017, 37 (3):  53-60.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.007 Abstract ( 672 )   PDF (1167KB) ( 454 )   Save Raw wood flour (RWF) was modified with cyanuric chloride (TCT), and the modified wood flour (TWF) and oleyl amine (OAM) were used to prepare composites with poly(lactic acid) by reactive extrusion. FT-IR spectra indicated that the structure of TCT was attached to wood flour and OAM was grafted onto TWF in the progress of reactive extrusion. Elemental analysis and titration analysis showed that the molar ratio of nitrogen and chlorine of TWF was 2.91:1 and two of three active chlorine of TCT were involved in the reaction. The addition of OAM led to the degradation of PLA. However, the degradation of PLA/TWF/OAM composites was weaker than that of PLA/RWF/OAM composites. PLA/TWF/OAM composites exhitbited better tensile strength and flexural strength than that of PLA/RWF/OAM composites under the same dosage of OAM. PLA/TWF/OAM composites had a greater melt flow rate than that of PLA/TWF composites under the same dosage of wood flour. DMA revealed that PLA/TWF/OAM composites had a higher glass transition temperature than that of PLA/RWF/OAM composites under the same dosage of OAM. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and Properties of Epoxidized Tung Oil Methyl Ester from Tung Oil Methyl Ester with Quaternary Ammonium Phosphotungstate as Catalyst ZHENG Minrui, ZHANG Meng, HU Lihong, BO Caiying, ZHOU Yonghong 2017, 37 (3):  61-66.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.008 Abstract ( 1068 )   PDF (1013KB) ( 674 )   Save A quaternary ammonium phosphotungstates phase transfer catalyst (C12H25C6H5N)3[PW4O16] was synthesized by using phosphotungstic, hydrogen peroxide(30%) and dodecylpyridinium chloride as feedstock. This phase transfer catalyst was used for the epoxidation of tung oil methyl ester(TOME) and manufacture the epoxidized tung oil methyl ester(ETOME). It was found that the system consist of phase transfer catalyst, TOME and hydrogen peroxide can be regarded as a homogeneous system and the reaction rate was accelerated. Effect of different conditions on the epoxidation reaction of methyl tung oil was investigated. Results showed that the optimum conditions were 50℃ reaction temperature, 3 h reaction time, 1.6:1 molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to double bond and catalyst dosage was 3.0%. The epoxy value of ETOME can reach 4.9% under these optimum condition. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the descending order of thermal stability of the products was ETOME > TO > TOME. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Laccase/Glutamic Acid System on Structure and Properties of Old Corrugated Containers Fiber LIU Jianxiang, WAN Jinquan, MA Yongwen, WANG Yan, KONG Fanjiao 2017, 37 (3):  67-72.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.009 Abstract ( 611 )   PDF (1807KB) ( 614 )   Save The old corrugated containers(OCC) fiber was modified by laccase/glutamic acid system to introduce the carboxyl group onto the pulp. The influence of laccase/glutamic acid system on the microstructure and properties of OCC fiber were investigated. It was found that the carboxyl group content and water retention value(WRV) of OCC treated by laccase/glutamic acid were 66.7 mmol/kg,126%, increased by 42.8% and 22.3% compared to that of the control pulp. Moreover,laccase catalytic oxidation was positive to increase the BET specific surface area, and meanwhile the average pore width was decreased due to the irreversible closure of the cellulose pore and the transformation of the pore size. The results also showed that the microfibers were exposed by laccase/glutamic acid system catalytic due to the oxidation of lignin on the surface of fiber, and it led to form better bonding between fibers in handsheets which resulted in the increase of wet tensile strength(1.65 mN·m/g), dry tensile strength(34.72 N·m/g) and tear strength(9.14 mN·m2/g) by 103.7%, 27.1%, 41.9%, respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Antioxidant Activity and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Proanthocyanidins from Sargentodoxa cuneata(Oliv) Rehd.et Wils. LI Yan, LI Xin, LIU Jingling, DENG Kaihang, LIANG Zongsuo 2017, 37 (3):  73-81.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.010 Abstract ( 703 )   PDF (1468KB) ( 527 )   Save Proanthocyanidins were extracted from Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv) Rehd. et Wils., and the crude extract was purified and isolated. The content of proanthocyanidins was determined by an improved vanillin-HCl colorimetric method. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory activity of each sample were measured. The results showed that the contents of proanthocyanidins in the crude extract(CE), petroleum ether fraction(PE), ethyl acetate insoluble fraction(EIF), ethyl acetate fraction(EF), n-butanol fraction(BF) and water residue(WR) were (36.03±0.40)%, (1.19±0.11)%, (57.99±0.22)%, (32.40±0.07)%, (25.03±0.08)% and (41.32±0.37)%, respectively. Moreover, the proanthocyanidin content of the sample purified by Sephadex LH-20 was (98.35±0.72)%, which was 2.73 times of that of the crude extract. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the crude extract(IC50=178.10±2.67 mg/L) was 1.12 times of that of L-ascorbic acid(IC50=78.89±1.67 mg/L); the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of purified sample was 120.71 times of that of acarbose and the corresponding acetylcholine inhibitory activity was 1.14 times of that of tacrine. It showed that there were abundant proanthocyanidins in S. cuneata and the proanthocyanidins had an obvious antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory activity in vitro. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Cell Wall Structure of Masson Pine and Preparation of Microfibrillated Cellulose ZHU Jinghang, LI Xinping, WANG Zhuan, DU Min, CHEN Lihong 2017, 37 (3):  82-88.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.011 Abstract ( 523 )   PDF (4025KB) ( 623 )   Save The microfibrillated cellulose(MFC) was prepared from cellulose hydrolyzed masson pine fibers by high-pressure homogenization. The properties of enzymatic hydrolyzed fibers were characterized by surface area and porosity analyzer, X-ray diffractometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the preparation of MFC was investigated based on the analysis of the degree of polymerization (DP), morphology and diameter distribution of MFC. The results showed that the specific surface area, crystallinity and pore structure of fibers could be changed by enzymatic hydrolysis. As the fiber were homogenized 30 times under 100 MPa, the DP and diameter distribution of MFC obtained from raw fibers were 354 and 20-50 nm respectively, while the DP and diameter distribution of MFC obtained from enzymatic fibers which was hydrolyzed by 10 FPU/g cellulase at 50℃ for 2 h were 229 and 10-40 nm respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Fiber Size on Yield Stress of Bleached Kraft Wood Pulp Fiber Suspension WANG Chen, ZHENG Xuemei, ZHANG Hui, SHA Jiulong, CHENG Jinlan 2017, 37 (3):  89-94.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.012 Abstract ( 599 )   PDF (847KB) ( 464 )   Save The influence of fiber size on the yield stresses of fiber suspensions was discussed in same ranges of mass fraction and crowding number with the bleached softwood and hardwood kraft pulp as raw materials, respectively. Then these two pulp suspensions were mixed with different mass ratio, and the relationships between the fiber size and the yield stress of the mixed suspension were analyzed. The results showed that the suspension of the softwood pulp showed high yield stress because of its large size on the same mass fraction range. And with the increase of fiber size, the multiplier term coefficient of the power law relationship between the yield stress and the mass fraction increased, but the corresponding exponential term coefficient decreased. The yield stress cannot be expressed by the function only with the crowding number, and it is inverse proportional to the exponential function of the shape factor as the formula, τy≈0.003·N2.2/β0.6. Therefore, in the same crowding number range, the suspension of the hardwood pulp with the low shape factor showed the high yield stress. The values of the shape factors' power with the constant exponent followed the linear rule as the formula, βAB1.6≈βB1.6+(βA1.6-βB1.6)/100·x, so the yield stresses of the mixed pulps also presented the similar rule with the mixing ratio changed as the formula, τy(AB)≈τy(B)+(τy(A)-τy(B))/100·x. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Performance of Regenerated Nitrocellulose Lacquer XIAO Shaobo, YU Yun, YANG Ningning, HUANG Qiongtao, YANG Yan, LIAO Youwei 2017, 37 (3):  95-100.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.013 Abstract ( 662 )   PDF (1109KB) ( 481 )   Save A regenerated nitrocellulose lacquer was obtained from the spray paint waste water of furniture factory by collection and regeneration of lacquer slag. The optimum flocculation effect of lacquer slag was obtained as the dosage of A and B in the flocculants was 1:1 and the pH value was 8-9. And the performance of lacquer could reach the performance standard when rosin modified alkyd resin and dimethyltrimethylene glycol were added in the progress to make up regenerated lacquer. The weight loss rate of regenerated nitrocellulose lacquer was 5.6% higher than that of the nitrocellulose lacquer and they showed similar free corrosion potential. The regenerated nitrocellulose lacquer showed perfect corrosion and oxidation resistance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Decomposition Kinetics Research of 12-Bromodehydroabietate Methyl Ester by Non-isothermal Thermogravimetry LIU Lei, JIANG Lihong, YANG Chen, WANG Yaming, SONG Zhanqian, SHEN Minggui 2017, 37 (3):  101-106.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.014 Abstract ( 670 )   PDF (737KB) ( 554 )   Save The non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of 12-bromodehydroabietate methyl ester(BME) were studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis at various heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 K/min. The activation energy E and the pre-exponential A were analyzed by Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO) method, respectively. The thermal decomposition mechanism and kinetic parameters were studied by Šatava-Šesták method combined 34 kinds of dynamic functions. The results showed that the thermal decomposition mechanism of BME was controlled by the process of random nuclear formation and the nuclear growing, the reaction order n was 3/4, the integral form of kinetic function belonged to G(α)=[-ln(1-α)] 3/4, the apparent activation energy E was 85.71 kJ/mol, pre-exponential factor A was 1.12×107 s-1, and the corresponding thermal decomposition dynamic function was dα/dt=1.12×107exp(-85.71×103/RT)×4/3(1-α)[-ln(1-α)] 1/4. The function's correlation coefficient is 0.983 3,standard deviation is 0.05. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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High-temperature Steam Gasification of Sawdust Char for Production of Hydrogen-rich Gas XU Wei, SUN Ning, YING Hao, SUN Yunjuan, XU Yu, JIA Shuang 2017, 37 (3):  107-114.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.015 Abstract ( 636 )   PDF (1034KB) ( 729 )   Save Steam gasification of sawdust char for the production of hydrogen-rich gas was studied in a high-temperature fixed bed reactor. Experiments were carried out at 700-900℃ with steam flow rate of 0.11-0.32 g/(min·g)(based on the char, the same below).The effects of temperature and steam flow rate on the volume fraction of H2,gas yield, heat value and compositions were studied. The results showed that the excess steam led to a decrement of the gas heat value. Under the reaction conditions of temperature 900℃ and the steam flow rate was 0.32 g/(min·g), the volume fraction of H2 reached the maximum(62.53%), the heating value of the fuel gas was 8.99 MJ/Nm3 and the gas yield was 2.75 L/g. And the homogeneous volumetric model and shrinking core model were employed to obtain the corresponding kinetic parameters. The shrinking core model fitted the experimental data better than the homogeneous volumetric model.The acitivity energy and the pre-exponential factor obtained with homogeneous volumetric model were 88.67 kJ/(mol·K)and 2 976.55 min-1. The activity energy of the shrinking core model was 91.78 kJ/(mol·K)and the corresponding pre-exponential factor was 2 872.82 min-1. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Characterization of Undecylenic Acid/Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer Emulsion WU Meiting, YANG Linqiang, JIN Liwei 2017, 37 (3):  115-121.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.016 Abstract ( 684 )   PDF (3226KB) ( 584 )   Save Undecylenic acid/methyl methacrylate(UA/MMA) copolymer emulsion was prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. The effects of UA with allyl structure and initiator dosage on the polymerization process and polymer properties were studied. The results indicated that UA was involved in the copolymerization reaction with MMA. And with the increase of the amount of UA, the polymerization rate, molecular weight, and the glass transition temperature declined. But the thermal stability of the copolymer improved. As the amount of initiator increased, the molecular weight of polymer decreased and the conversion rate increased. Particle diameter test showed that the volume average particle diameter of enulsions was about 120 nm and increased slightly with the addition of UA. Viscosity test showed that the viscosity of copolymer emulsions was 10-15 mPa·s. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Series of N-Hydronopol Pyridine Ammonium Halide JIN Linlin, XIAO Zhuanquan, FAN Guorong, CHEN Jinzhu, WANG Peng, WANG Zongde, CHEN Shangxing 2017, 37 (3):  122-128.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.017 Abstract ( 729 )   PDF (990KB) ( 598 )   Save Seven N-hydronopol pyridine quaternary ammonium salts,which named which named N-hydronopyl pyridine ammonium bromide(2a), N-hydronopyl pyridine ammonium iodide(2b), N-hydronopyl pyridine ammonium chloride(2c), N-hydronopyl-γ-dimethylamino pyridine ammonium bromide(2d), N-hydronopyl-γ-dimethylamino pyridine ammonium iodide(2e), N-hydronopyl-α-methyl pyridine ammonium iodide(2f), N-hydronopyl-γ-methyl pyridine ammonium bromide(2g), were prepared from the quaternization reaction of pyridine or pyridine homologues(α-methylpyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 4-methylpyridine) with hydronopol halides chloride, hydronopol halides bromide, hydronopol halides iodide, respectively. The identification and structural analysis were done by using MS, NMR(1H NMR,13C NMR) and FT-IR methods. And the antifungal activities of all compounds against Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phoma citricarpa, Colletotrichum glecosporioides, Pestalotiopsis actinidia and Phomopsis mauritiana were studied by using the mycelial growth rate method. The antifugal activity test showed that at the mass concentration of 500 mg/L, the compounds had certain antifungal activity against five tested phytopathogens. Among all compounds, the inhibition rates of 2d and 2e against P.citricarpa, P. actinidia were 100% and higher than the inhibitory effect of carbendazim. And the inhibition rate of 2d against B. dothidea were 100% and equal to the inhibitory effect of carbendazim. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Kinetic Model Study for Gasification of Biomass Char by High Temperature Steam TIAN Hong, YAO Can, CHEN Binbin, LIU Zhengwei 2017, 37 (3):  129-135.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.018 Abstract ( 784 )   PDF (1360KB) ( 585 )   Save Gasification experiments of corn straw char and Chinese fir char with high temperature steam were carried out by using thermogravimetric analyzer. The results showed that with the increase of steam temperature, the gasification reaction time was shortened, and the conversion degree of biomass char was also improved. The conversion degrees of corn straw char and Chinese fir char reached 80% and 90%, respectively. Gasification reaction characteristics of biomass char with high temperature steam were analyzed using the volumetric model(VM), the grain model(GM) and the random pore model(RPM). The random pore model provided the best fit to the experimental data with the correlation coefficients of all more than 0.92 followed by the grain model, and the volumetric model was the worst. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Extracts from Bark of Juglans mandshurica on Proliferation and Cell Cycle of SMMC-7721 Cells LIANG Qichao, LIU Shuang, ZHANG Zhaoli 2017, 37 (3):  136-140.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.019 Abstract ( 647 )   PDF (535KB) ( 519 )   Save To study effect of extracts from bark of Juglans mandshurica (EMBJM) on proliferation and cell cycle of SMMC-7721 cells, the SMMC-7721 cells in culture medium in vitro were given different concentrations of EMBJM. The inhibition rate of EMBJM on the SMMC-7721 cell was detected by MTT assay. The cell cycle analyzed was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The EMBJM exhibited a significant inhibition on SMMC-7721 cells time-and dose-dependently. The cell cycle detection results suggested that EMBJM could arrest SMMC-7721 cells specifically in growth 2/mitosis(G2/M) and synthesis(S) phase cell cycle in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with control group (8.34%±1.42%; 26.80%±1.76%), the G2/M and S phase of SMMC-7721 cells exposed to EMBJM (13.89%±2.46%, 39.87%±2.83% (8 mg/L);(14.35%±2.68%, 44.81%±2.93% (16 mg/L)) were significantly increased (P<0.05, n=3). EMBJM can effectively inhibited proliferation in SMMC-7721 cells and effected cell cycle distribution. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Kinetics and Thermodynamics Studies of the Adsorption of Pb2+ onto NaOH/KOH Modified Lemon Residues SHEN Wangqing, LEI Yang 2017, 37 (3):  141-146.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.020 Abstract ( 659 )   PDF (1147KB) ( 487 )   Save In order to study the adsorption properties of chemically treated lemon residues, the lemon residues were modified by 10% KOH and 10% NaOH, respectively. The effects of the initial pH, adsorption time and initial concentration on the adsorption of Pb2+ were investigated, and the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were also studied. The samples were characterized by means of UV, XRD and EDS. The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium times of KOH and NaOH modified lemon residue to Pb2+ were 60 and 90 min, respectively. The adsorption of Pb2+ onto KOH modified lemon residue fitted to the quasi second order kinetic equation, whereas the adsorption by NaOH modified lemon residue more fitted to quasi first order kinetic equation. The adsorption of Pb2+ on modified lemon residue was in accordance with the Langmuir adsorption model.The maximum UV absorption wavelengths of KOH and NaOH modified lemon residues were 280 and 191 nm respectively. The structures of the lemon residues were amorphous and mainly composed of carbon. And there was Pb element in the absorbed modified lemon residues, but the formation peak of EDS was not high. References | Related Articles | Metrics