不同种源福建柏叶精油得率及成分分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2023.06.005

Abstract

Abstract:

The essential oils of Fokienia hodginsii(Dunn) A. Henry et H. H. Thomas leaves from different provenances were studied. By reducing the influence of growth environment on leaf essential oil content and composition, the relationship between the essential oil and heredity of Fujian cypress from different provenances was better reflected, and provenances with more application value were screened out. The research object was taken from 14 F. hodginsii provenances of F. hodginsii provenance experimental forest in Fengtian state-owned forest farm of Anxi, Fujian Province. The essential oil from F. hodginsii leaves was extracted by ultrasonic assisted steam distillation. The components and GC content of the essential oil of F. hodginsii leaves were detected by GC-MS, and the differences in the yield and composition of the essential oil from different provenances of Fujian cypress leaf were analyzed. Through single factor test and orthogonal test design, the optimum extraction process of ultrasonic assisted steam distillation of F. hodginsii leaves was obtained under the conditions as follow: liquid-to-material ratio of 3.5:1(mL: g), extraction time of 8 h, ultrasonic treatment time of 30 min and ultrasonic power of 240 W. Under these conditions, the yield of essential oil was 0.252%. A total of 17 main components were detected in the essential oil of 14 provenances, accounting for 86%-92% of the total components. The GC content of the main components(components with content greater than 1%) was significantly different. Among them, α-pinene, 1-octen-3-ol, β-pinene, β-myrcene, D-limonene, β-caryophyllene, Z, Z, Z-1, 5, 9, 9-tetramethyl-1, 4, 7-cycloun-decatriene, β-cubebene, and γ-cadinene were the common major components. The GC content of α-pinene was about 50%. The essential oil composition and GC content of Chongqing Jiangjin provenance were significantly different from those of other provenances. The essential oil composition and GC content of most of the provenance leaves in Fujian Province had a strong correlation. Among three provenances in Guangxi, there was a strong correlation between the two provenances of Guilin Guanyang and Nanning Damingshan. The essential oil compositions of Shenzhen Nanling, Guangdong Province had a strong correlation with the provenance in Fujian Province, which showed that the essential oil composition and the GC content of F. hodginsii leaves with a closer seed source had a strong correlation. The comprehensive score of the main components of the essential oil of F. hodginsii leaves from different provenances was the highest in Guangxi Laibin Jinxiu, with low content of α-pinene, and the lowest comprehensive score was Fujian Putian Xianyou, with high α-pinene content. According to the provenance, GC content of the main components and the comprehensive score of the main components, Fujian Sanming Datian and Guangxi Guilin Guanyang were more suitable as excellent provenances for extracting the essential oil of F. hodginsii leaves, which could be used for early breeding varieties, so as to achieve better development and utilization of F. hodginsii.

Key words: Fokienia hodginsii(Dunn) A. Henry et H. H. Thomas, leaf essential oil, GC-MS, principal component analysis

CLC Number:

TQ35
S791.43

Meixuan CHEN, Xia HUANG, Bingjun LI, Jundong RONG, Yushan ZHENG, Liguang CHEN. Yield and Ingredient Analysis of Essential Oil in Different Povenances of Fokienia hodginsii Leaves[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2023, 43(6): 33-42.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

Difference of essential oil yield and sensory properties of F. hodginsii leaves from different provenances"

序号 No.	种源地 provenance	得率¹⁾/% yield	精油感官性质 sensory properties of essential oil
1	广西桂林灌阳(GY) Guanyang in Guilin of Guangxi	0.248±0.019^b	颜色较浅，澄清，清新青草香气 lighter color, clear, fresh grass aroma
2	广西来宾金秀(JX) Jinxiu in Laibin of Guangxi	0.153±0.005^g	颜色深，澄清，气味刺鼻，浓烈青草香气 deep color, clear, pungent smell, strong grass aroma
3	广西南宁大明山(DMS) Damingshan in Nanning of Guangxi	0.254±0.024^b	颜色较深，澄清，气味刺鼻，浓烈青草香气 color more intense, clear, pungent smell, strong grass aroma
4	广东深圳南岭(NL) Nanling in Shenzhen of Guangdong	0.221±0.013^cde	颜色较浅，偏白，香气较清新 lighter color, whiter, fresher aroma
5	重庆江津(JJ) Jiangjin in Chongqing	0.225±0.015^bcde	嫩叶红色，颜色较深，香气较清新 young leaf red, color more intense, fresher aroma
6	福建泉州永春(YC) Yongchun in Quanzhou of Fujian	0.241±0.006^bc	颜色浅，气味刺鼻 light color, pungent smell
7	福建泉州安溪(AX) Anxi in Quanzhou of Fujian	0.218±0.008^cde	颜色较深，澄清，较刺鼻的青草香气 color more intense, clear, spicy green grass aroma
8	福建莆田仙游(XY )Xianyou in Putian of Fujian	0.202±0.018^ef	颜色较深，较清新青草香气 color more intense, fresher grass aroma
9	福建龙岩长汀(CT) Changting in Longyan of Fujian	0.246±0.019^bc	颜色较浅，偏白，香气较清新 lighter color, whiter, fresher aroma
10	福建龙岩上杭(SH) Shanghang in Longyan of Fujian	0.213±0.012^de	颜色较深，澄清，香气清新较弱 color more intense, clear, weak fragance
11	福建三明大田(DT) Datian in Sanming of Fujian	0.290±0.008^a	颜色浅，澄清，较清新的青草香气 light color, clear, fresher grass aroma
12	福建福州闽清(MQ) Minqing in Fuzhou of Fujian	0.210±0.017^def	颜色较深，澄清，刺鼻浓烈的青草香气 color more intense, clear, strong aroma of grass
13	福建福州永泰(YT) Yongtai in Fuzhou of Fujian	0.185±0.012^f	颜色较浅，澄清，略有刺鼻清新青草香气 color more intense, clear, a little pungent fresh grass aroma
14	福建漳州华安(HA) Hua'an in Zhangzhou of Fujian	0.231±0.031^bcd	颜色浅，澄清，略有刺鼻清新青草香气 light color, clear, a little pungent fresh grass aroma

Table 2

Fig.2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.3

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序号 No.	A 超声波处理时间/min ultrasonic treatment time	B 提取时间/h extracting time	C 液料比(mL∶g) ratio of liquid to material	D 空白列 blank column	得率/% yield
1	25	7	3.5∶1	1	0.238
2	25	8	4∶1	2	0.231
3	25	9	4.5∶1	3	0.220
4	30	7	4∶1	3	0.233
5	30	8	4.5∶1	1	0.244
6	30	9	3.5∶1	2	0.252
7	35	7	4.5∶1	2	0.225
8	35	8	3.5∶1	3	0.249
9	35	9	4∶1	1	0.227
k₁	0.230	0.232	0.246	0.236
k₂	0.243	0.241	0.230	0.236
k₃	0.234	0.233	0.230	0.234
R	0.013	0.009	0.017	0.002

化合物¹⁾ compound	不同种源的GC含量GC content from different provenances
化合物¹⁾ compound	GY	JX	DMS	NL	JJ	YC	AX	XY	CT	SH	DT	MQ	YT	HA
1	0.87	1.58	1.05	0.91	1.23	1.18	1.17	1.30	—	—	—	—	—	1.06
2	50.87	43.94	50.60	46.78	44.44	48.18	48.74	50.72	45.72	46.67	51.96	47.78	50.72	46.64
3	2.09	2.82	2.41	2.16	1.46	1.90	2.60	2.86	1.94	2.64	1.39	1.51	2.12	2.31
4	4.90	3.85	4.40	5.27	3.34	4.99	4.70	3.83	4.38	4.20	4.61	4.02	4.13	4.91
5	7.96	7.30	8.22	7.97	5.67	6.51	5.27	6.54	7.01	6.18	7.12	8.34	8.27	5.41
6	7.91	7.68	7.46	7.73	9.16	7.07	7.65	6.93	8.38	9.34	6.88	7.78	8.07	8.55
7	—	0.83	—	—	2.45	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
8	3.77	1.95	2.52	2.73	0.86	3.99	1.13	0.89	2.60	2.29	3.97	1.96	2.96	1.74
9	4.52	3.34	3.52	3.88	4.07	5.18	2.33	2.52	3.21	2.76	3.91	2.89	3.47	2.76
10	—	—	—	—	1.85	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
11	—	0.96	—	0.82	1.03	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
12	5.00	8.77	6.62	7.11	9.50	6.57	7.64	9.48	5.58	8.43	6.66	8.14	5.23	6.28
13	1.73	3.69	2.48	2.95	2.05	2.51	2.96	2.98	2.74	2.68	1.93	2.82	2.88	3.06
14	—	1.02	0.70	0.81	1.28	—	0.88	—	—	—	—	0.73	—	—
15	1.21	2.97	1.79	2.02	—	1.62	2.32	1.56	1.32	—	—	1.42	0.96	1.14
16	—	—	—	—	1.00	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
17	—	—	—	—	—	—	3.11	—	6.83	1.41	3.02	—	—	5.85
总和 sum	90.82	90.68	91.78	91.13	89.38	89.69	90.5	89.58	89.72	86.59	91.45	87.38	89.19	90.18

指标 index	主成分载荷矩阵principal component load matrix
指标 index	1	2	3	4	5
(E)- 2-己醛(E)-2-hexenal	0.658	0.493	-0.208	-0.171	-0.404
α-蒎烯α-pinene	-0.600	-0.293	0.154	0.103	-0.642
1-辛烯-3-醇1-octen-3-ol	-0.100	0.777	-0.181	-0.180	-0.129
β-蒎烯β-pinene	-0.147	0.146	0.846	-0.212	-0.187
β-月桂烯β-myrcene	-0.345	-0.010	0.227	0.868	0.017
D-柠檬烯D-limonene	0.250	-0.227	-0.199	-0.227	0.781
β-榄香烯β-elemene	0.814	-0.290	-0.448	-0.005	0.177
β-石竹烯β-caryophyllene	-0.215	-0.293	0.811	0.322	-0.144
Z, Z, Z-1, 5, 9, 9-四甲基-1, 4, 7-环十一碳三烯Z, Z, Z -1, 5, 9, 9-tetramethyl-1, 4, 7-cycloun-decatriene	0.427	-0.426	0.576	0.395	-0.241
(+)-表双环倍半水芹烯(+)- epi-bicyclosesquip hellandrene	0.733	-0.465	-0.396	-0.088	0.201
γ-依兰油烯γ-muurolene	0.885	0.180	0.190	-0.054	0.125
β-荜澄茄烯β-cubebene	0.363	0.194	-0.813	-0.025	-0.115
γ-杜松烯γ-cadinene	-0.082	0.882	-0.219	-0.009	0.279
β-杜松烯β-cadinene	0.840	0.185	-0.422	-0.026	0.123
τ-杜松醇τ-cadinol	0.145	0.889	0.153	0.172	-0.217
α-杜松醇α-cadinol	0.893	-0.275	-0.182	0.034	0.070
刺柏烯醇junenol	-0.233	-0.003	0.262	-0.755	0.385
特征值eigenvalue	6.300	3.599	2.347	1.768	1.049
方差贡献率/% variance contribution rate	37.059	21.172	13.806	10.403	6.173
累积贡献率/% cumulative contribution rate	37.059	58.231	72.037	82.440	88.613
主成分贡献率/% principal component contribution rate	29.032	19.530	19.432	10.554	10.066

序号 No.	叶样本 leaf sample	FAC1	FAC2	FAC3	FAC4	FAC5	综合得分 comprehensive score(F)
1	GY	0.037	-0.892	1.189	0.481	-0.766	0.047
2	JX	1.163	2.120	-0.273	1.002	0.378	0.951
3	DMS	-0.058	0.238	0.093	0.721	-0.734	0.057
4	NL	0.621	0.794	1.010	0.778	0.269	0.723
5	JJ	2.441	-1.798	-1.491	-0.128	0.525	0.121
6	YC	0.757	-0.091	1.398	0.125	-1.146	0.419
7	AX	0.334	1.018	-0.130	-1.584	-0.664	0.041
8	XY	-1.001	0.531	-1.960	-0.367	-1.762	-0.885
9	CT	-0.571	-0.136	0.697	-0.715	1.654	0.039
10	SH	-0.523	-0.120	-0.592	-0.505	1.114	-0.261
11	DT	-0.723	-1.451	0.599	-0.279	-1.002	-0.572
12	MQ	-1.013	-0.197	-1.038	1.292	0.581	-0.383
13	YT	-1.174	-0.388	0.082	1.188	0.830	-0.217
14	HA	-0.291	0.371	0.414	-2.009	0.722	-0.080

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Yield and Ingredient Analysis of Essential Oil in Different Povenances of Fokienia hodginsii Leaves

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