Ionic liquid is a low-temperature molten salt composed of anion and cation. It has almost no vapor pressure, good chemical stability, strong solubility, designable structure and outstanding advantages. It is considered as a new type of "green solvent" that can replace traditional solvent. Ionic liquid has been extensively applied in the separation and purification of natural products. In this paper, the application progress of ionic liquids in the separation of flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, pigments and other natural products were reviewed from the aspects of ionic liquids combined with ultrasonic and microwave technology, aqueous two-phase extraction, enzymatic assisted and solid-phase extraction in recent years. The properties and separation mechanism of ionic liquids combined with other technologies were introduced. The problems such as high viscosity, difficult recovery and serious loss, would be discussed, and the corresponding solutions would be put forward to provide reference for the application of ionic liquids in the separation of natural components.

Carboxymethyl hemicellulose was modified by the carboxymethylation reaction which extracted from bamboo. The hemicellulose/chitosan/graphene oxide composite films were prepared from the obtained carboxymethyl hemicelluloses, chitosan and grapheme oxide, which possessed excellent mechanical and oxygen barrier properties. The properties of the composite films were analyzed by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, mechanical strength and oxygen barrier tests. The different contents of graphene oxide were detected to analyze the effects of structure and properties of the composite films. The matrix of CMH, CS, GO were combined mainly through ion bond and hydrogen bond, and the GO was dispersed uniformly in CMH/CS matrix. Therefore, the surface of the film was smooth and dense with regular layered structure. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composite films were obviously improved by the addition of GO, which was due to the enhancement of GO in the whole composite system. The oxygen barrier ability of the composite film was also increased. The best mechanical properties of composite membranes were as follows:the tensile stress was 73.63 MPa, the tensile strain was 20.24%, and Young's modulus was 2.28 GPa when the content of graphene oxide was 0.5%. Meanwhile, it performed the best oxygen barrier property when the content of graphene oxide was 0.5%, and the gas permeation coefficient of the film was reached to 3.793 cm³·cm/(m²·s·Pa). The initial decomposition and maximum loss ratio temperature of the FG_0.5 were 242.4 and 274.5℃, respectively.

A polymerizable monomer (12-benzocyclobutene dehydroabietic acid (β-methacryloxyethyl) ester) with benzocyclobutene group and free radical polymerizable acrylate group was prepared by bromination, Suzuki coupling, acyl chlorination and esterification with dehydroabietic acid as raw material. The monomer structure was characterized by FT-IR, NMR and MS. Additionally, the curing behavior of the monomer and the properties of the crosslinked cured resin were further analyzed. The results showed that the monomer could be polymerized by free radical polymerization in the presence of initiator (AIBN). Then, under the condition of heating (>200℃), the ring of benzocyclobutene group opened and the prepolymer (P1) was polymerized to form an insoluble and non meltingcrosslinked curing resin. The resin possessed good surface smoothness with average surface roughness of 0.434 nm, and excellent dielectric properties with dielectric constant of 2.40 at 1 MHz under 30℃. It also has good hydrophobicity with water contact angle of 93°, thermal stability with T_5%=400℃ and mechanical properties with hardness and Young's modulus of 0.600 and 18.36 GPa, respectively.

A novel type of dual-crosslinking resin monomer(MA-AEHO) containing carboxyls and vinyls was synthesized using hemp oil (HO) as raw material.The monomer structure was characterized by FT-IR and ¹H NMR. Two single-crosslinking polymers (polymer 1 and 2) and two dual-crosslinking polymers (polymer 3 and 4) were obtained by the polymerization of MA-AEHO with the different curing and cross-linking processes. The properties of four polymers were tested.Mechanical performance tests showed that the tensile strength of polymer 1-4 is 9.21, 14.73, 32.05 and 33.25 MPa, and the elongation at break is 56.21%, 9.97%, 4.56% and 3.18%, respectively. Their tensile strengths were significantly improved and the elongations at break were decreased compared with the single-crosslinking polymers. Dynamic thermal mechanical analysis showed that the dual-crosslinking polymers (polymer 3 and 4) have relatively higher energy storage modulus (32.00 and 41.29 MPa) and glass transition temperature (58.08 and 91.44℃) than those of the single-crosslinking polymers. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that these four curing polymers possessed good thermal stability, and the initial decomposition temperature of the polymers are all above 300℃.

Six novel methyl cedrone O-substituted oximes were synthesized by the alkylation reaction using methyl cedrone oxime (16-methyl-2, 6, 6, 8-tetramethyl tricyclic-8-enone oxime) and halides as raw materials:16-methyl-2, 6, 6, 8-tetramethyltricyclo-8-enone O-benzyl oxime (2a), 16-methyl-2, 6, 6, 8-tetramethyltricyclo-8-enone O-(4-chlorobenzyl) oxime (2b), 16-methyl-2, 6, 6, 8-tetramethyltricyclo-8-enone O-(4-cyanobenzyl) oxime (2c), 16-methyl-2, 6, 6, 8-tetramethyltricyclo-8-enone O-(2, 6-dichlorobenzyl) oxime (2d), 16-methyl-2, 6, 6, 8-tetramethyltricyclo-8-enone O-(4-tert-butylbenzyl) oxime (2e), 16-methyl-2, 6, 6, 8-tetramethyltricyclo-8-enone O-(o-fluorobenzyl) oxime (2f). The structures of the products were identified by FT-IR, GC-MS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. Taking benzyl chloride as an example, the effects of solvents, the amount of tetrabutyl ammonium bromide(TBAB) and benzyl chloride, the reaction temperature and reaction time on the conversion and yield of 2a were discussed. The optimum condition was obtained as follows:toluene as solvent, n(methyl cedrone oxime):n(TBAB):n(benzyl chloride)=1.0:0.12:1.4, the reaction temperature was 70℃, the reaction time was 24 h. Under the optimal condition, the yield of product 2a was 78.10%, the yield of 2b-2f ranged from 58.91% to 71.36%.

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) were separately used to extract oil from peach kernel in order to improve the comprehensive utilization of by-products about peach. The extraction process was optimized by single factor and orthogonal test. The physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, structure of main functional groups, thermodynamic properties and flavor of oil were determined to evaluate the oil quality from different extraction methods. The results showed that the oil yield of 49.23% was obtained under optimum extraction conditions of extraction time 25 min, extraction temperature 75℃, microwave power 400 W and liquid to material ratio of 11:1(mL:g) by MAE. The oil yield of 48.56% was obtained under optimum extraction conditions of extraction time 40 min, extraction temperature 75℃, ultrasonic power 500 W and liquid to material ratio of 11:1(mL:g) by UAE. Although the extraction yield of the two methods was slightly lower than that of Soxhlet extraction (51.87%), the extraction time was significantly shortened, and the extraction efficiency was significantly improved.The physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, structure of main functional groups, thermodynamic properties and flavor of peach kernel oil obtained by MAE and UAE were not significantly difference from oil obtained by Soxhlet extraction. Peach kernel oil mainly contained oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid. The content of oleic acid and linoleic acid were very abundant in peach kernel oil, and the sum of them was above 93%.

Ten perillyl esters (2a-2j) with different molecular structures were synthesized in the yield of 50%-90% using perillyl alcohol as start material, acid chloride as esterification reagent, triethyla mine as acid binding agent.The structures were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and GC-MS.The herbicidal activities of them against Echinochloa crusgalli were evaluated by plate method. The results indicated that all synthesized compounds of perillyl ester could inhibite the growth of E.crusgalli. Among them, the herbicidal activity of perillyl alcohol n-butyl ester (2i) showed the best activity against E.crusgalli. The growth inhibition rate against the growth of the stem and root of E.crusgalli was 90.5% and 85.3% at the concentration of 10 mmol/L, and the IC₅₀ values were 1.53 and 2.48 mmol/L, respectively.

In order to investigate the differences and similarities between the essential oils (EOs) obtained from Schisandra chinensis fruits pulp and seeds (PEO and SEO), the chemical composition, anti-tumor property, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were examined. According to the results of GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS) analyses, 55 and 45 compounds which represented 94.04% and 93.39% of the oils were identified, respectively. In addition, anti-tumor activity of essential oils was carried out using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) method. The oils also revealed the highest anti-tumor activity against HeLa and BGC-823 cells, but they had no effect on A549 cells. They presented IC₅₀ values from 39.07 mg/L to 56.43 mg/L. PEO and SEO also exhibited inhibitory activity against four bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. MIC of PEO were 245.00-504.33 mg/L, MIC of SEO were 495.00-1 004.68 mg/L. Furthermore, in all assays of antioxidant ability, PEO showed stronger antioxidant properties than SEO. IC₅₀ value of PEO against DPPH and ABTS radical were 3.15 and 2.31 g/L, respectively. IC₅₀ of SEO against DPPH and ABTS radical were 5.43 and 10.11 g/L, respectively. In a word, this study supports the potentials of PEO and SEO as antibacterial and antineoplastic agent.

Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar and adsorption performance of lignin by two-stage pretreatment were established. The lignin content of raw biomass was 29.05%, while cellulose hydrolysis yield was only 15.24%. After steam explosion pretreatment, lignin content increased to 34.88%, and the acid group in biomass was 10.16 mmol/kg. As a result, the yield of cellulose by hydrolysis enhanced to 56.88%. However, lignin was hardly removed from biomass, which could not be recovered by acid precipitation to prepare lignin adsorbents.The lignin content decreased to 21.06% and 17.68%, incorporated with acid groups increased to 101.34 and 107.69 mmol/kg after alkaline oxidation-steam explosion and alkaline sulfonation-steam explosion pretreatment.And the yield of cellulose hydrolysis enhanced from 56.88% to 74.38% and 81.09%. Besides, around 50% of the original lignin was removed from biomass, which could be recovered as lignin adsorbents for Pb(Ⅱ) ions with adsorption capacity of 158.73 and 142.86 mg/g. The obtained results demonstrated that alkaline sulfonation-steam explosion pretreatment largely improved lignin removal and modification, which enhanced both the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and the adsorption performance of lignin for holistic utilization of lignocellulosic biomass.

A kind of methacrylated lignosulfonate (MLS) was synthesized by chemical modification of calcium lignosulfonate (CLS).And then a class of MLS/polyacrylamide(PAM) composite hydrogels with semi-interpenetrating network structure were prepared via one-step polymerization of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000), methacrylated lignosulfonate (MLS)used as crosslinker, and acrylamide (AM). The structure was characterized by FT-IR, and the mechanical property, water absorption property and adsorption properties of MLS/PAM composite hydrogels were also investigated. The results indicated that the chemical crosslinking network was formed using MLS as a crosslinker that reacted with AM in the MLS/PAM composite hydrogel. And semi-interpenetrating network structure was formed using PEG6000 as linear copolymer that interspersed in the crosslink network. The property study showed that the MLS/PAM composite hydrogels have excellent compression performance. When the MLS content was increased from 5% to 15%, the compression stress was turned to 87.5%, while the compressive strain was increased from 2.39 MPa to 3.74 MPa and the equilibrium swelling rate was decreased from 23.1 g/g to 17.9 g/g. Meanwhile, the MLS/PAM composite hydrogel also exhibited the excellent swelling property, and the swelling capacity decreased with the increase of MLS content. In addition, the adsorption performance study showed that the organic dye adsorption capacity of the MLS/PAM composite hydrogel was also increased with the increasing of MLS content.

Thermal decomposing curves of extracts from Rhus verniciflua Stokes woods(RWE) were obtained in the nitrogen atmosphere by TG-DTG techniques. Five thermal analysis kinetic methods (Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO), Friedman, Coats-Redfern and Achar) were used to speculate the probable mechanism of thermal decomposing reaction and the kinetic parameters including activation energy (E_a) and pre-exponential factor (A). Thermodynamic parameters and the theoretical shelf life of RWE extracts were calculated on the basis of E_a and A at the first stage. With the heating rate increasing, thermal decomposing tempreture of RWE was increased gradually. The TG curve showed the decomposition of RWE could be divided into two steps. The first weight loss rate was from 189.09 to 266.59℃ and the second weight loss rate was from 266.59 to 377.79℃. There were two main weightlessness peaks in DTG curve in the two steps of thermal decomposition. The max thermogravimetric rate temperature was 248.3 and 306.2℃, respectively, and the total weight loss rate was 57.94%. The most probable kinetic methanisms of the first stage thermal decomposition were Avrami-Erofeev equation (random nucleation and subsequent growth, n=3/4), g(α)=[-ln(1-α)] ^3/4, f(α)=4/3(1-α)[-ln(1-α)] ^1/4. The average apparent activation energy(E_a) was 101.353 kJ/mol, the pre-exponential factor(A) was 7.9×10¹⁰ min^-1, ΔG was 77.799 kJ/mol, ΔH was 96.978 kJ/mol, and ΔS was 36.446 J/mol. The theoretical shelflife of RWE at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere was about 1.5-2 years.

Fifteen compounds were isolated from the twigs of Euscaphis konishii Hayata.The structure of the compounds was identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral data, and the fifteen compounds were as follows:threo-1-(4-hdroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2[4-(4'-hydroxypropyl)-2'-methoxyphenoxy] -1, 3-propanediol(1), acernikol (2), nortrachelogenin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), nortrachelogenin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 2-[4-(1-hydroxypropyl)-3-methoxyphenoxy] -1, 3-propanediol (5), 5, 7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromanone (6), isobiflorin (7), biflorin (8), quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinose (9), gallic acid (10), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde (11), stearic acid (12), 19α-hydroxy ursolic acid (13), β-sitosterol (14), daucosterol (15).All compounds except 7, 8, 14, 15 were isolated from the plants of the genus E. konishii for the first time.The evaluation results of anti-inflammatory activity showed that the inhibition rates of lipopolysaccharide-induced murine IL-6 secretion by compound 2 and 4 were (63.4±7.1)% and (58.6±4.6)%, respectively, at the concentration of 10 μmol/L.The medium inhibitory activity was shown to be slightly lower than that of the positive control drug dexamethasone.

A lignin-modified phenol formaldehyde resin adhesive (LPF) was prepared from the modified phenol formaldehyde resin which was treated under alkaline conditions. The performance of LPF was investigated by the dosage of lignin (L), phenol treatment time and temperature, sodium hydroxide (first batch of sodium hydroxide) and phenol/formaldehyde molar ratio (n(P)/n(F)). The results showed that LPF bond was achieved when the content of lignin was 25%, the phenol treatment time was 2 h, the treatment temperature was 80℃, the first batch of sodium hydroxide was 8%, and the phenol/formaldehyde molar ratio was 1.0:2.0. The bond strength is 1.57 MPa, which was 16.3% higher than 1.35 MPa of unmodified phenol formaldehyde adhesive (PF).0.58% of free phenol, which was 19.4% lower than 0.72% of PF.The result also showed of formaldehyde content 0.16%, solid content of 51.2%, pH value of 11.4, viscosity of 80 mPa·s, and storage period of 60 days. FT-IR analysis showed that the absorption peaks of LPF at 2893 and 1213 cm^-1 were obviously weakened, indicating that the methoxy moiety in the lignin molecule was partially shed.The absorption peak disappeared at 1505, 1320, 1114, 875 cm^-1, indicating that most of the sulfonic acid groups in the lignin disappeared during the synthesis of the phenol formaldehyde resin; the absorption peak at 1018 cm^-1 was significantly enhanced, indicating the formation of a new ether bond.

The water extraction process of saponins from soap pods was optimized by single factor test and response surface method.The surface activity of saponins was analyzed and the structure of saponins was preliminarily characterized. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:peel powder of soap pods 2.0 g, temperature 69℃, time 11 h 15 min, and the ratio of liquid to solid is 10:1 (mL:g). Under the above conditions, the yield of saponin is 26.49%. The purified saponins of soap pods were separated by 60% ethanol and 90% ethanol elution. The surface tensions were 47.43 and 35.83 m N/m, respectively. The critical micelle concentrations were 0.35 and 0.75 g/L, respectively. The total sugar content of the hydrolysis was 58.46% and 51.16%, respectively. The monosaccharides in the two kinds of saponins include glucose, xylose, rhamnose and arabinose, but the content of monosaccharide is slightly different. The maximum ultraviolet absorption wavelength of two kinds of saponins was about 470 nm. The infrared spectrum analysis shows that the two kinds of saponins both have the basic characteristic peaks of saponins.

The effects of twin screw extruder (TSE) and model screw device (MSD) on fiber morphology and pulping properties of pulp were investigated under the same APMP pulping process.The result showed that the low contents of fibril bundle and long fibers could be obtained under extrusion degree at the same pulping process. The TSE could result in a fiber bundle content of 1.78% in the Canada freeness of 250 mL. Compared with MSD extrusion, the extrusion decreased by 76.67%. In addition, the bursting strength and tensile strength of the pulp from TSE were higher than that of the untreated poplar and MSD treated poplar. However, the tearing strength of the pulp from TSE was lower than that of the pulp of untreated and MSD treated poplar because of the low content of long fiber. The brightness of pulp from TSE reached 65.48% in the Canada freeness of 250 mL, increased by 9.14% and 12.94% compared with MSD extrusion and the untreated poplar, respectively. The yield of the pulp was 84.54%, which was lower than the pulp yield of the MSD treated (87.20%) and the untreated poplar (87.00%), that because TSE dissolved more poplar compositions during the pulping process. Mean while, the wastewater pollution index was higher.

The optimum extraction conditions of total alkaloids from Taxus chinensis branches and leaves(TCBL)through enzymolysis treatment and ultrasonic-assisted extraction method were investigated by the single factor experiment and response surface experiment. Then, in vitro antitumor activities of crude total alkaloids extract were studied. The results showed that the optimum process conditions of enzyme and ultrasonic-assisted extraction are ethanol volume fraction of 19%, enzyme solution pH value 3.0, enzyme concentration of 0.10 g/L, liquid-solid ratio 12:1(mL:g), enzymolysis time 52 min, enzymolysis temperature 50℃, ultrasonic power 150 W.The yield of total alkaloid of extracting 1 time was 0.126% under these conditions. Response surface model significance test found that the model P < 0.000 1, which indicated that the difference was very significant, regression equation was effective, and the model had statistical significance.The in vitro antitumor activity of crude total alkaloids extracted from TCBL was studied. The results showed that total alkaloids extract from TCBL had good inhibitory effects on three kinds of cancer cells. Especially, the antitumor activity against human cervical cancer (Hela) cells was the strongest, and its IC₅₀ value was 22.18 mg/L that was similar to that of etoposide (21.2 mg/L). It had better antitumor effect on human breast cancer (MCF7) cells (IC₅₀ 74.95 mg/L). It had a certain inhibitory activity on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, and its IC₅₀ value was 146.03 mg/L.

The insecticidal, fumigation and repellent activities of the essential oil extracted from Ajania potaninii against Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne adults were investigated. The results showed that the insecticidal activity of essential oil against T. castaneum and L. serricorne adults were median lethal dose(LD₅₀)=34.18 and 22.79 μg/adult, respectively; and the fumigation activity of A. potaninii oil against T. castaneum and L. serricorne adults were medican lethal concentration(LC₅₀)=34.21 and 41.05 mg/L, respectively. However, its toxicities were much weaker than that of Pyrethrin and Phosphine, which had the contact activity (LD₅₀=0.13 and 0.09 μg/adult) and fumigation activity (LC₅₀=0.17 and 0.08 mg/L) against the two insects, respectively. Meanwhile, A. potaninii essential oil exhibited obvious repellent activity against T. castaneum but little repellent activity against L. serricorne. The percentage repellency (PR) value of the essential oil against T. castaneum was more than 90% after 2 h and 4 h at the highest tested concentration of 78.63 nL/cm². Moreover, it showed similar repellent activity with the positive control of DEET at other lower test concentrations (15.73, 3.15, 0.63 and 0.13 nL/cm²). However, at the highest tested concentration of 78.63 nL/cm², the PR value of the essential oil against L. serricorne was close to 50% after 2 h and 4 h, which is significantly lower than DEET. In addition, the essential oil of A. potaninii was shown no repellent activity against L. serricorne at other lower test concentrations.