蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇的合成及在聚氨酯泡沫中的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2014.04.011

林产化学与工业 ›› 2014, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 66-70.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2014.04.011

蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇的合成及在聚氨酯泡沫中的应用

张立强¹, 张猛^1,2, 周永红^1,2, 胡立红^1,2, 杨晓慧^1,2

1. 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所;生物质化学利用国家工程实验室;国家林业局林产化学工程重点开放性实验室;江苏省生物质能源与材料重点实验室, 江苏南京 210042;
2. 江苏强林生物能源材料有限公司, 江苏溧阳 213364

收稿日期:2013-06-21 出版日期:2014-08-25 发布日期:2015-08-18
作者简介:张立强（1984-），男，山东寿光人，硕士，从事生物基阻燃多元醇的制备和阻燃聚氨酯的研究
基金资助:
“十二五”国家科技支撑计划资助（2012BAD32B05）

Synthesis of Castor Oil-based Flame Retardant Polyols and Its Applicaition in Polyurethane Foams

ZHANG Li-qiang¹, ZHANG Meng^1,2, ZHOU Yong-hong^1,2, HU Li-hong^1,2, YANG Xiao-hui^1,2

1. Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF;National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization;Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA;Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China;
2. Jiangsu Qianglin Bio-energy and Bio-materials Co., Ltd., Liyang 213364, China

Received:2013-06-21 Online:2014-08-25 Published:2015-08-18
Contact: 周永红（1966-），河南渑池人，研究员，博士，博士生导师，从事松脂化学、萜类化学与利用、生物质化学转化与应用的研究工作；E-mail：yhzhou777@sina.com。 E-mail:yhzhou777@sina.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以蓖麻油为原料，经过甘油醇解反应、双氧水环氧化反应、磷酸二乙酯与环氧基团开环反应生成蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇，然后与多聚异氰酸酯（MDI）形成聚氨酯泡沫。蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇的结构采用FT-IR、 ¹H NMR 进行表征，聚氨酯泡沫的力学性能和阻燃性能采用万能试验机、极限氧指数仪和热重分析仪进行测量。结果表明：通过一系列的反应生成了蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇，在不采用任何阻燃剂的情况下，虽然蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇的P元素仅有1%，但是聚氨酯泡沫的氧指数与醇解蓖麻油制备的聚氨酯泡沫相比从20.1%提高到23.8%，说明蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇制备的聚氨酯泡沫具有很好的阻燃性能；制备的蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇的羟值与醇解蓖麻油相比，由408 mg/g提高到了420 mg/g；随着蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇含量的提高，聚氨酯泡沫的压缩强度从0.118提高到0.128 MPa，热稳定性也有所增强。

关键词: 蓖麻油, 多元醇, 阻燃, 聚氨酯, 环氧化

Abstract: In this paper, castor oil-based flame retardant polyols were synthesized using castor oil as raw material pretreated through glycerol alcoholysis, hydrogen peroxide epoxidation and ring-opening reaction between diethyl phosphate and epoxy group. The castor oil-based flame retardant polyols were than reacted with MDI to produce polyurethane foam (PUF). The structure of castor oil-based flame retardant polyols was characterized by FT-IR and ¹H NMR. The mechanical behavior and flame resistance of PUF was studied by universal testing machine and limiting oxygen index (LOI) and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results showed that the castor oil-based flame retardant polyols were prepared by a series of reactions and the hydroxyl value was increased to 420 mg/g. The value of PUF's LOI could reach about 23.8% from 20.1% compared with PUF prepared by alcoholisis castor oil, although the content of phosphorus in PUF is merely 1% and without any fire retardant. The compressive strength of polyurethane foam is increased from 0.118 MPa to 0.128 MPa and thermal stability of polyurethane foam increase with castor oil-based flame retardant polyols content increasing.

Key words: castor oil, polyols, flame-retardant, polyurethane, epoxidation

中图分类号:

TQ35

张立强, 张猛, 周永红, 胡立红, 杨晓慧. 蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇的合成及在聚氨酯泡沫中的应用[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2014, 34(4): 66-70.

ZHANG Li-qiang, ZHANG Meng, ZHOU Yong-hong, HU Li-hong, YANG Xiao-hui. Synthesis of Castor Oil-based Flame Retardant Polyols and Its Applicaition in Polyurethane Foams[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2014, 34(4): 66-70.

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蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇的合成及在聚氨酯泡沫中的应用

Synthesis of Castor Oil-based Flame Retardant Polyols and Its Applicaition in Polyurethane Foams

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