磷酸活化法制备活性炭综述(Ⅰ)——磷酸的作用机理

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2017.03.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 磷酸活化法是制备活性炭的常用化学活化方法，其实验室研究与工业化应用已有约30年的历史。作者首次从活化过程中磷酸的作用机理角度对磷酸活化制备活性炭进行系统综述，从化学的观点总结了磷酸的5种作用，即促进或催化含碳原料组分的水解、脱水、芳构化反应，与生物高分子交联和成孔的作用，并提出了磷酸渗透进植物细胞壁结构内部的3个阶段，即快速扩散、水解和再扩散。同时，分析比较了在磷酸活化与氯化锌活化过程中活化剂作用的主要异同点。

关键词: 活性炭, 磷酸, 活化

Abstract: Phosphoric acid activation is a principal method of the chemical activations to produce activated carbons, and has a history of around 30 years in the laboratory-scale investigation and the industrial application. In this article, the author systemically reviewed the roles that phosphoric acid played in the process of H₃PO₄ activation for the first time. From the chemical point of view, phosphoric acid played in promoting hydrolysis of biopolymers in lignocellulosic materials (1), catalyzing dehydration of biopolymers (2) and aromatization reaction of carbon atoms (3), initiating crosslink reaction with biopolymers (4), and evolution of pores (5). Moreover, three sequential stages were considered to be necessary for the deep incorporation of H₃PO₄ solution into the interior of botanic structures, which include fast diffusion, hydrolysis and post diffusion. Meantime, the roles that the activating agents play in H₃PO₄ activation and ZnCl₂ activation are compared.

Key words: activated carbon, phosphoric acid, activation

中图分类号:

TQ424

左宋林. 磷酸活化法制备活性炭综述(Ⅰ)——磷酸的作用机理[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2017, 37(3): 1-9.

ZUO Songlin. Review on Phosphoric Acid Activation for Preparation of Activated Carbon (Ⅰ):Roles of Phosphoric Acid[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2017, 37(3): 1-9.

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