皂荚种子发芽期间酶活及多糖结构与流变性质的比较研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2023.01.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分别在25和35 ℃下模拟皂荚种子发芽过程，对比研究不同发芽时间下皂荚胚芽子叶和内胚乳内α-D-半乳糖苷酶的酶活及皂荚半乳甘露聚糖的分子质量、单糖含量和流变特性等理化性质。结果表明：25 ℃时皂荚内胚乳内α-D-半乳糖苷酶的酶活在3.45~5.78 U/g上下波动(发芽第2~8天)后迅速增加至86.12 U/g(发芽第14天)，35 ℃时皂荚内胚乳内α-D-半乳糖苷酶的酶活在3.31~9.24 U/g之间上下波动。皂荚胚芽子叶内α-D-半乳糖苷酶的酶活大多高于内胚乳内α-D-半乳糖苷酶的酶活。种子发芽前期，较高发芽温度(35 ℃)更有利于半乳甘露聚糖的降解。随着发芽时间的延长，皂荚半乳甘露聚糖的分子质量和表观黏度逐渐降低，25 ℃下溶液在第12天从假塑性流体转变为牛顿流体；皂荚半乳甘露聚糖中甘露糖和半乳糖的含量逐渐降低，甘露糖与半乳糖质量比值(M/G值)逐渐增加，35 ℃发芽第14天M/G值达到最大值为3.31，有望成为价格昂贵的刺槐豆胶半乳甘露聚糖的替代产品。

关键词: 皂荚半乳甘露聚糖, 种子发芽, α-D-半乳糖苷酶, 分子质量, 流变特性

Abstract:

The germination process of Gleditsia sinensis seeds was simulated at 25 and 35 ℃, respectively. The activity of α-D-galactosidase in cotyledon and endosperm, the molecular weight, monosaccharide content and rheological properties of G. sinensis galactomannan were studied at different germination times. The results showed that at 25 ℃, the activity of α-D-galactosidase in the endosperm of G. sinensis fluctuated from 3.45 to 5.78 U/g(2-8 days after germination), and then rapidly increased to 86.12 U/g(14 days after germination). At 35 ℃, the activity of α-D-galactosidase in the endosperm of G. sinensis fluctuated from 3.31 to 9.24 U/g. The α-D-galactosidase enzyme activity in cotyledon of G. sinensis was higher than that in endosperm. At the early germination stage, the higher germination temperature(35 ℃) was more conductive to the degradation of galactomannan. With the prolongation of germination time, the molecular mass and viscosity of G. sinensis galactomannan gradually decreased, and the solution changed from pseudoplastic fluid to Newtonian fluid on day 12 at 25 ℃. The contents of mannose and galactose in G. sinensis galactomannan decreased gradually with the extension of germination time, and the mass ratio of mannose to galactomannan(M/G value) increased gradually. The M/G reached the maximum value of 3.31 on the 14th day of germination at 35 ℃, which was expected to be a substitute product for expensive locust bean gum galactomannan.

Key words: Gleditsia sinensis galactomannan, seeds germination, α-D-galactosidase, molecular weight, rheological properties

中图分类号:

TQ35
O629.12

裴滢莹, 徐伟, 裴昕斐然, 段久芳, 陈殿松, 蒋建新. 皂荚种子发芽期间酶活及多糖结构与流变性质的比较研究[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2023, 43(1): 133-139.

Yingying PEI, Wei XU, Xinfeiran PEI, Jiufang DUAN, Diansong CHEN, Jianxin JIANG. Comparison on Enzymatic Activity, Polysaccharide Structure and Rheological Properties of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Seeds During Germination[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2023, 43(1): 133-139.

图/表 4

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表1

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图2

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发芽温度/℃ germination temperature	发芽天数/d germination days	半乳糖/% galactose	甘露糖/% mannose	半乳甘露聚糖/% galactomannan	M/G值¹⁾ M/G value
25	0	23.58	68.32	91.90	2.90
	3	22.10	67.68	89.77	3.06
	5	20.92	67.72	88.64	3.24
	6	20.98	66.38	87.36	3.16
	8	20.70	65.79	86.49	3.18
	10	20.56	64.16	84.72	3.12
	12	20.12	63.71	83.83	3.16
	14	19.77	63.24	83.00	3.20
35	0	23.58	68.32	91.90	2.90
	3	19.06	62.01	81.07	3.25
	5	19.00	60.05	79.05	3.16
	6	18.24	59.55	77.79	3.26
	8	18.16	59.29	77.45	3.26
	10	18.15	59.20	77.36	3.26
	12	18.28	59.23	77.51	3.24
	14	17.77	58.78	76.54	3.31

发芽温度/℃ germination temp.	不同发芽天数下的分子质量(M_w)molecular mass at different germination days/(×10⁶，g·mol^-1)
发芽温度/℃ germination temp.	0 d	6 d	8 d	10 d	12 d	14 d
25	4.02	3.73	3.54	3.05	0.48	0.35
35	4.02	3.20	2.75	1.79	1.83	1.58

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