Table of Content

30 December 2008, Volume 28 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

研究报告

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国家自然科学基金(30671646);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-07-0725) ZHANG Liang-liang;LIN Yi-ming; 2008, 28 (6):  1-5.  Abstract ( 720 )   PDF (953KB) ( 596 )   Save Type of structural units, degree of polymerization and mean molecular weight of condensed tannins extracted from calyx of large red mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Crude cyanidin products were prepared from condensed tannins of B. gymnorrhiza by means of butanol/HCl reaction. In addition, the free radical-scavenging activity and antioxidant ability of crude cyanidin products were determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) model systems respectively. The results showed that catechin/epicatechin were the structural units occurring in condensed tannins of B. gymnorrhiza. Average degree of polymerization was 7.5, and mean molecular mass was 2081.60 u. Crude cyanidin products showed a very good DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 of 43.889 mg/L) and ferric reducing/antioxidant ability ((7.718±0.109)mmol/g). Related Articles | Metrics

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教育部科学技术研究重点项目(204054) ZHAO Lin-guo;XIA Wen-jing;SU Jian;YU Shi-yuan 2008, 28 (6):  6-10.  Abstract ( 568 )   PDF (806KB) ( 591 )   Save Feasibility and technology of recovering β-glucosidase from cellobiose hydrolysate by methods of ultrafiltration and acetone precipitation were studied respectively. The 30 ku membrane was selected for recovery of target enzyme when using ultrafiltration technique. From the first batch, β-glucosidase recovery rate and average permeation flux of membrane were 99.6%,118.6 L/(m2·]h), respectively. The amount of recovered β-glucosidase from the 20th batch of cellobiose hydrolysate could still be maintained 90% of initial total enzyme activity, and average permeation flux of membrane reached 79.2 L/(m2·h). When acetone precipitation technique was used for recovery, it was suitable to use acetone and cellobiose hydrolysate at volume ratio from 0.75:1 to 1:1. Temperature and precipitation time had great influence on enzyme recovery rate, which was up to 95.7% when using acetone at -20℃ for 2 h. The 50% enzyme activity could still be maintained from the 15th batch of acetone precipitation, which saved 79% amount of the required enzyme. Related Articles | Metrics

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2005年江西省主要学科和学术带头人培养计划(050005);江西财政专项基金(20060102) SUN Feng-wen;HUANG Hui;LI Xiao-ke;WANG Yu 2008, 28 (6):  11-14.  Abstract ( 699 )   PDF (799KB) ( 565 )   Save Liquefaction is one of the main methods for utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. The chemical structure of the liquefied product of bamboo powder in phenol solvent catalyzed by acid and the structure of its phenol-formaldehyde resin were investigated. The analyses indicated strong absorption peaks in the FT-IR spectrum of bamboo-phenol liquefaction product as follows: C=O stretching vibration, C=C stretching vibration and aromatic ring vibration at 1595.32-1512.70 cm-1, O—H in-plane bending vibration at 1360.77 cm-1, C—O of primary alcohol stretching vibration at 1028.62 cm-1 and its fingerprint region, phenolic C—O absorption at 1512.70 cm-1 and the increased absorption at 832.79-691.68 cm-1. The FT-IR spectrum of the resin from bamboo-phenol liquefaction product with formaldehyde is similar to that of common phenol-formaldehyde resin. Related Articles | Metrics

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江苏省自然科学基金(BK2006012);中国林业科学研究院基金重点项目(2005-Z-03) BO Cai-ying;BI Liang-wu;ZHAO Zhen-dong;CHEN Yuan-ping;LI Dong-mei;GU Yan;WANG Jing;ZHANG Qiu-ge 2008, 28 (6):  15-19.  Abstract ( 660 )   PDF (919KB) ( 807 )   Save Low-power-density ultrasonic transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was studied. It was thought that biodiesel with good quality could be obtained under the condition of lower power density of ultrasound. Molar ratio of soybean oil to methanol was 1:6. Mass ratio of potassium hydroxide to soybean oil was 0.01:1. Reaction temperature was about 30℃. Reaction time under ultrasound was 20-60 min according to the reaction scale. Conversion of transesterification calculated from refractive index of biodiesel was 84.81%-85.85%. The lowest power density used in this study was about 0.032 W/cm3 which is far lower than that of the traditional 0.5 W/cm3. Related Articles | Metrics

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国家林业局"948"创新项目 (2006-4-C05); 国家林业局科技推广项目([2007]132); 国家自然科学基金(30700634); 国家"863"计划(2007AA100703);浙江省与中国林业科学研究院省院合作项目(2005SY02) ZHOU Jing;NIE Xiao-an;DAI Wei-di;GAO Yi-wei;CHANG Xia 2008, 28 (6):  25-28.  Abstract ( 776 )   PDF (699KB) ( 653 )   Save Preparation and application of biodiesel by esterification of oils of high acid value catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid supported on activated carbon were studied. Catalysts of TsOH/C-A,TsOH/C-B and TsOH/C-C of different loading amounts were prepared by different methods. Comparing 3 kinds of supporting method and 5 kinds of activated carbon(coal-activated carbon 1#,coal-activated carbon 2#,coal-activated carbon 3#,citric-acid-activated carbon and coconut-activated carbon), the best activated carbon was citric-acid-activated carbon and the optimum kind of supported catalyst was TsOH/C-C. Through orthogonal experiment, effects of influencing factors on esterification yield were studied. Under the optimal conditions: amount of catalyst 10%, reaction temperature 70℃, molar ratio of methanol to acidified oil 28:1, reaction time 2 h, yield of the product could reach 88.8% Related Articles | Metrics

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新疆生产建设兵团林业局重点项目(5006-822017) SONG Yu-yang;NAN Li-jun 2008, 28 (6):  29-33.  Abstract ( 761 )   PDF (885KB) ( 620 )   Save Using seed kernel of yellow-horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge) as raw material,extraction technique of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)from X. sorbifolia was researched in the experiment, and CLA was analyzed and identified by UV-spectrophotometry. The results showed that the optimum conditions were identified as follows: ratio of propanediol:KOH 0.6:1(mol:L), reaction temperature 180℃, reaction time 2 h,yield 58.34%;the antioxidation activity of CLA could be obviously increased by addition of 0.01% tea polyphenols +0.07% span 40+0.02% citric acid. Peroxide number of CLA was affected by various environmental factors, among which temperature ranked the first, light intensity took the second place, and humidity was the last. Related Articles | Metrics

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国家自然科学基金(30770231); 林业科技支撑计划子课题(2006BAD18B0405); 教育部科学技术研究重点项目(108049); 哈尔滨市科技创新人才研究专项资金(2006RFXXS001) TONG Mei-hong;LIU Wei;FU Yu-jie;KONG Yu;GU Cheng-bo;ZHANG Lin 2008, 28 (6):  34-38.  Abstract ( 794 )   PDF (919KB) ( 772 )   Save A high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method was established for determining contents of vitexin and isovitexin in the leaves, stems and roots of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan(L.)Millsp). The analytes were separated on a HIQ Sil C18V(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column, using methanol-water-formic acid(35:64.74:0.26, volume ratio), as mobile phase, detection wavelength 330 nm, flow rate 1 mL/min, injection volume 10 μL, and column temperature 30℃. The calibration curves of vitexin and isovitexin showed good linearity within the ranges of 2-200 mg/L. For vitexin, relative standard deviation(RSD) of precision was not higher than 2.93%, RSD of repeatability was 2.91%, and recovery was 97.38%; for isovitexin, RSD of precision was not higher than 2.69%, RSD of repeatability was 3.37%, and recovery was 98.63%. Mass factions of vitexin and isovitexin in pigeonpea leaves, stems and roots were 0.768, 0.066, 0.183 mg/g and 0.799, 0.139, 0.013 mg/g, respectively. Pigeonpea leaves contain much higher amounts of vitexin and isovitexin than stems and roots, which could be developed as a good resource for obtaining vitexin and isovitexin on large scale. Related Articles | Metrics

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中国林科院林业新技术研究所基金(CAFINT2008C04);国家林业局"948"项目(2005-4-64) WANG Cheng-zhang;GAO Cai-xia;YE Jian-zhong;CHEN Xi-juan;JIANG Wen-ying 2008, 28 (6):  39-43.  Abstract ( 746 )   PDF (802KB) ( 985 )   Save Seasonal variation of oleuropein content in olive leaves was investigated, and the influences of preparation and extraction factors to the yield were discussed. HPLC was used to determine the content of oleuropein. Results showed: content of oleuropein in a year has two peak periods,namely Feb. and May (among them: Feb.＞May), and two trough periods,namely Nov. and April. Huge differences existed among different breads. Keladi olive leaves have the highest oleuropein content of 17.2%, in contrary, Peidaling olive leaves have the lowest oleuropein content of 1.65%. The content of oleuropein of 20 years-old trees is much higher than that of 3 years old. Ultrasonic extraction is better than heat extraction. Natural drying of leaves superior to heat drying to obtain higher yield of oleuropein. Related Articles | Metrics

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国家自然科学基金(30671651) ZUO Song-lin;LIU Jun-li;NI Chuan-gen 2008, 28 (6):  44-48.  Abstract ( 639 )   PDF (865KB) ( 781 )   Save In order to investigate the feasibility of preparing activated carbons under low-temperature activation using phosphoric acid, activated carbons were prepared from cotton stalk by phosphoric acid activation under activation temperature from 300 to 450℃. The properties of activated carbons were determined by the following terms: adsorption capacities to iodine, methylene blue and caramel, pore characteristics by measuring adsorption isotherms of nitrogen at 77 K, and surface chemistry by Boehm method. Results show that the increase of activation temperature from 300 to 350℃ remarkably enhanced the porosity development and the adsorption capacities to methylene blue and caramel. Low-temperature activation using phosphoric acid could prepare activated carbon with well-developed porosity and strong polarity under activation temperature of 350℃, which are visualized by its surface area of 1244 m2/g, content of surface functional groups of 10.4 mmol/g, adsorption capacity to methylene blue of 190 mL/g and caramel decolorization rate of 100%. Related Articles | Metrics

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广东省自然科学基金创新团队项目(无编号);国家杰出青年科学基金(30625039) YA Ji;ZHANG Xiao-qi;WANG Ying;LI Yao-lan;YE Wen-cai; 2008, 28 (6):  49-52.  Abstract ( 817 )   PDF (561KB) ( 756 )   Save Chemical constituents in the roots of Ficus hirta Vahl.were studied. Eleven compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as psoralen (Ⅰ), umbelliferon(Ⅱ), 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone(Ⅲ), norartocarpetin(Ⅳ), 5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone(Ⅴ), kaempferol(Ⅵ), astragalin(Ⅶ), acacetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅷ), luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅸ), narigenin(Ⅹ) and daucosterol(Ⅺ), respectively. Compounds Ⅱ-Ⅹ were isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅷ, Ⅸ were obtained from the genus Ficus for the first time. Related Articles | Metrics

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纤维材料改性国家重点实验室开放课题基金(LK0809) LIU De-tao;LI Jun;SUN Yong;CHEN Ke-fu 2008, 28 (6):  61-66.  Abstract ( 814 )   PDF (1450KB) ( 736 )   Save Physico-chemical characteristics of steam-degraded products collected from pine-wood fiber/MPU-20 resin(polyurethanes)composites by self-designed steam injection technology and equipments were studied by experimental observation, pH value determination, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectrometries. The surfaces of wood fibers were also invesitigated by SEM microscopy during steam injection treatment. The results indicated that steam-degraded products are acidic, the pH value of which was influenced by steam pressure, injection time and retention time. FT-IR spectrum showed that steam-degraded products consist mainly of a polyoses mixture, and the produced deposites are mainly resin mixture which are structurally similar to phenol-rosin resin. SEM microscopy clearly showed some significant groove marks and sockets on the surfaces of pine wood fiber after steam injection treatment. UV-Vis spectrum suggested that acidic degraded intermediate pigments with unsaturated conjugates were probably produced from the composites by steam injection treatment. In addition, lignin molecules were also degraded or/and resolved. The compared absorbance peaks of lignin compounds showed that resin in cellulose-based composite probably reacts or combines with lignin molecules. Related Articles | Metrics

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教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-06-0497) BI Zhi-ming;ZHOU Xiao-qin;LI Ping;GU Qian-kun;WU Qian;TIAN Hui-bin 2008, 28 (6):  67-69.  Abstract ( 747 )   PDF (450KB) ( 714 )   Save The chemical constituents of the fruits of cape jasmine (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) were studied,seven compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated by comparison of their physico-chemical properties and spectral data with those of reference data. The compounds were determined to be isoquercitrin(1), E-2'(4″-hydroxycinnamoyl) mussaenosidic acid(2), Z-2'(4″-hydroxycinnamoyl) mussaenosidic acid(3), geniposide(4), crocetin diethyl ester(5), crocetin(6), and crocin-1(7), respectively. Among them, compounds 1, 2, 3, 5 were obtained from genus Gardeniae for the first time. Related Articles | Metrics

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广东海洋大学自然科学基金(0812093) SUN Yi;JI Hong-wu;HONG Peng-zhi 2008, 28 (6):  70-74.  Abstract ( 804 )   PDF (947KB) ( 541 )   Save Passiflora seed oil was extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide, the effect of process parameters on extraction rate of oil was studied, physical and chemical properties and fatty acid composition of passiflora seed oil were analyzed. The optimal process parameters of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCDE)were as follows: particle size of material 270 μm, extraction pressure 20 MPa, extraction temperature 50℃, the first separation at temperature 40℃, pressure 8 MPa, the second separation at temperature 40℃, and extraction time 3 h. Under these conditions, extraction rate was over 25%. The color of passiflora seed oil SCDE was light-colored and transparent. Physical and chemical properties of passiflora seed oil were superior to those by solvent extraction. Passiflora seed oil was rich in unsaturated fatty acid, the content of which was up to 89.43%, and content of linoleic acid was 72.69%. Related Articles | Metrics

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国家自然科学基金(30471364) YANG Dong-mei;SU Wen-qiang;WANG Li-juan;XU Shi-yu 2008, 28 (6):  75-78.  Abstract ( 662 )   PDF (815KB) ( 647 )   Save Methanol and acetone were used to extract heartwood of Olag hay larch (Larix olgensis Henry) by internal reflux method, then the extracts were distilled, and the distillates were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Nine compounds, or 4 kinds of compounds in methanol extract were identified, including phenols(3 types, 20.344%), esters(4 types, 48.169%), acid(1 type, 11.740%), phenanthrene(1 type, 8.345%). Nineteen compounds, or 7 kinds of compounds in acetone extract were identified, including phenols(8 types, 19.965%), phenanthrenes(4 types, 8.987%), acids(2 types, 15.738%), esters(2 types, 16.160%), indene(1 type, 3.172%), naphthalene(1 type, 0.550%), and alkene(1 type, 0.504%). Related Articles | Metrics

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国家林业局"948"创新项目(2004-C04) XU Hao;ZHANG Zong-he;ZHONG Chong-mao;QIN Qing;TAO Lin;WANG Guang-hui 2008, 28 (6):  79-82.  Abstract ( 660 )   PDF (750KB) ( 621 )   Save Purification of tannin from Chinese gall nut was studied through treatment with granulated Fuller'earth and activated carbon. The results indicated that the sample with purity of tannin ≥98%, color 0.6 (Lovibond total color), content of main metal ions ≤0.5 μg/g was obtained respectively by extracting Chinese gall nut solution by 95% alcohol at 60℃, 30 mL/min flow rate with combined columns of granulated Fuller'earth and activated carbon. Related Articles | Metrics

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黑龙江省重大攻关项目(GA06C30601) ZHANG Rong-shu;ZHAO Min;HAN Song; 2008, 28 (6):  83-87.  Abstract ( 621 )   PDF (884KB) ( 993 )   Save Methods of extraction under shaking at constant temperature, postcolumn derivativation, ultraviolet detection and HPLC were used to determine contents of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. which had been introduced into Heilongjiang Province from different provenances. The results of the study were as follows: the highest artemisinin mass fraction reached about 0.668% in A.annua which was introduced from Youyang (YY-2) to Heilongjiang in 2007,which exhibited the highest medicinal biomass (4014.6+420.0 kg/hm2). Affected mainly by self-provenance, artemisinin content of the indroduced A. annua was decreased. However, it is still up to the purchase standard and possesses a large amount of medicinal biomass. The introduced cultivars have strong adaptability to the environment of Heilongjiang. By planting A. annua, the large uncultivated lands in Heilongjiang can be utilized to obtain remarkable economic benefit without the problem of land competition with traditional crops. Related Articles | Metrics

综述评论

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国家自然科学基金 (30460153);国家"973"计划(2007CB516805);广西特有药用植物作用物质基础及作用机理研究(30460153); 广西教育厅资助(200607LX067) TAN Ming-xiong;;CHEN Zhen-feng;LUO Xu-jian;ZHU Lin;LIANG Hong; 2008, 28 (6):  93-99.  Abstract ( 685 )   PDF (1186KB) ( 927 )   Save The advances of research on metal complexes of effective components in natural medicines are reviewed. Current study shows that the objectives of study mainly are flavonoids, quinones, alkaloids and coumarins, in terms of pharmacologies of antitumor, antivirus and antimicrobial, as well as optical and magnetic properties, which will provide valuable conclusions on the multiple structures and properties of natural metal complexes with natural medicines,especially for the application development of new anti-tumour medicines. Related Articles | Metrics

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国家自然科学基金(50776035);教育部重大项目培育资金(705048);长江学者和创新团队计划 (IRT0552);国家 "863"计划(2007AA05Z408);国家自然科学基金-广东自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U0733001) ZHANG Jing-qiang;LIN Lu;SUN Yong;MITCHELL G;LIU Shi-jie 2008, 28 (6):  109-114.  Abstract ( 976 )   PDF (1184KB) ( 2876 )   Save The enormous hydrogen bondings and crystal structures of natural cellulose strongly retard the hydrolysis of native cellulose into soluble sugars, which can be converted into biofuels or high value chemical products. In this paper, recent researches on cellulose structure & hydrogen bonding, as well as some promising methods and theories of decrystallization, and applicational examples were described. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance of Research on Chemical Components of Broad-leaved Street Trees LIANG Yu-qing;BI Hong-liang 2008, 28 (6):  115-120.  Abstract ( 844 )   PDF (1265KB) ( 590 )   Save Studies on chemical components of the broad-leaved trees planted as street trees have been the hot spot at home. Broad-leaved street trees contain many components. Most of them can be used for medical treatment. The chemical components and their pharmacological activity of the main broad-leaved street trees in our country are reviewed, which will be useful for further study on chemical components of broad-leaved street trees. Related Articles | Metrics

研究报告

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江苏省自然科学基金(BK2007218) LUO Jin-yue;LIU Chuan-tao 2008, 28 (6):  53-57.  Abstract ( 1030 )   PDF (871KB) ( 733 )   Save Nopyl acetate was synthesized by nopol and acetic acid under microwave irradiation and catalyzed by solid superacid SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2. The influences of various reaction parameters, such as irradiation temperature, time, power, conditions for preparation of catalyst and catalyst dosage were investigated. Results show the proper technological conditions as follows: irradiation temperature 105℃, irradiation time 85 min, microwave power 650 W, catalyst type Ti:Zr 6:1, calcination temperature 450℃ and solid superacid dosage 2.5%(based on nopol mass). Under this condition, the yield of nopyl acetate reached 81.3%. Furthermore, the regenerated catalyst could be repeatedly used for 4 times. Related Articles | Metrics