无机氢氧化物/硼酸在阻燃芦苇基纤维板中的协效作用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2020.01.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选用白洋淀芦苇纤维为基材，以二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）为胶黏剂制备了芦苇基纤维板（RFB），以氢氧化镁-氢氧化铝（MATH）和硼酸（BA）为阻燃剂制备了阻燃RFB。当MATH添加量为20%（以芦苇质量计，下同）时，RFB的阻燃性能较好，但力学性能较差。以BA替代部分MATH后，阻燃性能和力学性能均有所提升，垂直燃烧等级达到了V-0级且静曲强度提高了2.8~8.8 MPa。当BA加入量为4%，MATH添加量为16%时，RFB的点燃时间由34 s延长至50 s，延长了16 s，热释放速率峰值（PHRR）由290.3 kW/m²降至177.1 kW/m²，降低了68.5%，且总烟释放量（TSR）由238.0 m²/m²降至119.4 m²/m²，降低了68.6%，同时静曲强度由9.0 MPa提高到16.5 MPa。SEM、TG和FTIR分析表明BA的加入对于MDI的固化有促进作用，RFB的残炭量显著量增加。

关键词: 芦苇, 纤维板, 硼酸, 氢氧化物, 阻燃

Abstract:

Flame retardant reed fiberboard (RFB) was prepared from Baiyangdian reed fiber by using methylene diphenyl diisocyanate(MDI) as adhesive and magnesium-aluminum hydroxide (MATH) and boric acid (BA)as flame retardant agents. When the addition amount of MATH was 20% (caculated by the mass of reed, similarly here in after), flame retardant properties of RFB increased but mechanical properties reduced. After replacing parts of MATH with BA, the flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of RFB both improved. The vertical combustion grade reached V-0 and the static bending strength improved by 2.8-8.8 MPa. When 4% BA and 16% MATH was added, the time for ignition of RFB extended from 34 s to 50 s, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) reduced by 68.5% (from 290.3 kW/m² to 177.1 kW/m²), and the total smoke release (TSR) reduced by 68.6% (from 238.0 m²/m² to 119.4 m²/m²). Meanwhile the modulus of rupture of RFB increased from 9.0 MPa to 16.5 MPa. SEM, TG and FTIR analysis showed that the addition of BA promoted the solidification of MDI, and the amount of residual carbon of RFB increased significantly.

Key words: reed, fiberboard, boric acid, hydroxide, flame retardant

中图分类号:

TQ35

闫顺,徐路平,文泽伟,谢吉星,徐建中. 无机氢氧化物/硼酸在阻燃芦苇基纤维板中的协效作用[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2020, 40(1): 101-105.

Shun YAN,Luping XU,Zewei WEN,Jixing XIE,Jianzhong XU. Synergistic Effect of Inorganic Hydroxide/Boric Acid in Flame Retardant Reed Fiberboard[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2020, 40(1): 101-105.

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样品 sample	阻燃剂 flame retardant/%		静曲强度/MPa modulus of rupture	极限氧指数/% limit oxygen index(LOI)	UL 94等级 UL 94 rating
样品 sample	MATH	BA	静曲强度/MPa modulus of rupture	极限氧指数/% limit oxygen index(LOI)	UL 94等级 UL 94 rating
RFB-0	0	0	26.5	26.2	—
RFB-1	10	0	13.9	29.1	—
RFB-2	15	0	12.3	30.9	—
RFB-3	20	0	9.0	35.7	—
RFB-4	25	0	6.9	36.4	V-0
RFB-5	18	2	11.8	34.0	V-1
RFB-6	16	4	16.5	34.6	V-0
RFB-7	14	6	17.8	33.6	V-0

样品 samples	点燃时间/s timeto ignition	热释放速率峰值/(kW·m^-2) the peak of heat release rate	总热释放量/(MJ·m^-2) total heat release	总烟释放量/(m²·m^-2) total smoke release
RFB-0	25	561.8	58.5	379.8
RFB-3	34	290.3	47.3	238.0
RFB-6	50	177.1	36.8	119.4

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