微波法提取兴安百里香精油及其主要组分活性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2019.05.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探明微波法提取兴安百里香精油最佳提取条件及其主要组分活性，采用正交设计进行提取条件优化，并与水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油速度以及精油组分进行比较，同时对微波法提取精油及其主要组分的体外抗氧化活性及抑菌活性进行评价。结果表明：在浸泡时间3 h，料液比1：1（g：mL），提取时间40 min，微波功率540 W的最佳提取条件下，提取得率为1.04%。由GC-MS分析可知，微波法提取兴安百里香精油主要成分为百里香酚（52.52%）、α-萜品烯（12.72%）和对伞花烃（8.24%），提取的精油主要组分种类与水蒸气蒸馏法相一致。各主要组分中，百里香酚的DPPH·清除活力最强（IC₅₀，473.63 mg/L），且β-胡萝卜素漂白抑制率也最高（IC₅₀，250.91 mg/L），仅对伞花烃无抗氧化活性。体外抑菌实验表明：兴安百里香精油3种主要组分中百里香酚抑菌活性最强，α-萜品烯次之，对伞花烃无抑菌活性。百里香酚对各测试菌种均表现出一定的抑制活性，其中抑制活性最强的为枯草芽孢杆菌，抑菌圈直径为16.85 cm，最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.23 g/L。

关键词: 兴安百里香, 精油, 微波法, 抗氧化, 抑菌

Abstract: The optimum extraction conditions of Thymus dahuricus Serg. essential oil by microwave method and the activity of the main components were explored by orthogonal design experiment. The extraction speed and components of essential oil extracted by microwave method was compared with that by steam distillation method. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted by microwave method were also evaluated. The results showed that the optimal parameters were determined as follows:soaking time of 3 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:1 (g:mL), extraction time of 40 min, microwave power of 540 W. Under this condition, the extraction ratio of essential oil is 1.04%. The main components of essential oil extracted by microwave method were thymol (52.52%), α-terpinene (12.72%) and p-cymene (8.24%), which was consistent with those obtained by conventional steam distillation extraction. The results of antioxidant activity evaluation showed that among the main components, thymol had the strongest DPPH·scavenging activity (IC₅₀=473.63 mg/L) and the highest β-carotene inhibition rate (IC₅₀=250.91 mg/L). Among the three main components, only the p-cymene had no antioxidant activity. In vitro antimicrobial experiments showed that among three main components of T. dahuricus. essential oil thymol had the strongest antimicrobial activity and was followed by α-terpinene. p-Cymene showed no inhibitory activity on all tested strains. Thymol showed the strongest inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis among all tested strains with the diameter of inhibitory zone of 16.85 cm and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.23 g/L.

Key words: T. dahuricus Serg., essential oil, microwave method, antioxidant, antimicrobial

中图分类号:

TQ35
TQ654.2

闫红秀, 敬雪敏, 刘香萍. 微波法提取兴安百里香精油及其主要组分活性研究[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2019, 39(5): 121-128.

YAN Hongxiu, JING Xuemin, LIU Xiangping. Extraction of Thymus dahuricus Serg. Essential Oil by Microwave Method and Activity of Its Main Components[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2019, 39(5): 121-128.

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