Aspen Plus计算机模拟技术在纤维乙醇原料预处理中的应用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2022.04.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

预处理是木质纤维原料以糖基平台为基础的生物炼制的关键步骤，在对目前常用的稀酸/碱、蒸汽爆破、高温热水、微波、亚临界CO₂、离子液体、低共熔溶剂、有机溶剂、研磨/粉碎、生物预处理等方法的优缺点及对后续酶解发酵研究进展进行综述的基础上，介绍了国内外基于Aspen Plus流程模拟和技术经济分析等在生物质原料经预处理联产乙醇和平台化学品的利用情况，最后总结了Aspen Plus计算机模拟技术在生物质原料经预处理生产乙醇方面存在的不足，提出了今后可以深入开展的研究方向。

关键词: 生物质, 预处理, Aspen Plus, 技术经济分析, 乙醇

Abstract:

Pretreatment was a key step in sugar platform -based biomass refinery using lignocellulosic biomass as raw material. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used methods such as dilute acid/alkali, steam explosion, liquid hot water, microwave, subcritical CO₂, ionic liquids, deep-eutectic solvents, organosolv, milling/grinding, and biological, and the research progress of subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation were reviewed. Furthermore, the application of the co-production of ethanol and platform chemicals in the pretreatment of biomass feedstock at home and abroad based on Aspen Plus and techno-economic analysis were introduced. Finally, the drawbacks of Aspen Plus in biomass pretreatment for ethanol production were summarized and the further research directions were proposed.

Key words: biomass, pretreatment, Aspen Plus, techno-economic analysis, ethanol

中图分类号:

TQ35
S216.2

王芳, 张红丹. Aspen Plus计算机模拟技术在纤维乙醇原料预处理中的应用研究进展[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2022, 42(4): 119-130.

Fang WANG, Hongdan ZHANG. Application of Aspen Plus in Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment for Ethanol Production: A Review[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2022, 42(4): 119-130.

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参考文献 66

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预处理方法 pretreatment method	活化物质 active agent	作用机制 mode of action
稀酸 dilute acid	H₂SO₄、H₃PO₄和其他强酸 H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄ and other strong acids	水解半纤维素 hydrolysis of hemicelluloses
碱 alkali	NaOH、Ca(OH)₂、Na₂CO₃等碱性物质 NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, Na₂CO₃ and similar alkaline compounds	提取木质素 extraction of lignin
蒸汽爆破 steam explosion	高温蒸汽(加入少量催化剂) high-temperature steam, catalyst may be added	水解半纤维素并分离纤维 hydrolysis of hemicelluloses, fibre separation
高温热水 liquid hot water	水解离出的H⁺ H⁺ from H₂O	水解半纤维素 hydrolysis of hemicelluloses
微波 microwave	催化剂 catalysts	水解半纤维素 hydrolysis of hemicelluloses
亚临界CO₂ subcritical CO₂	碳酸 carbonic acid	水解半纤维素并分离纤维 hydrolysis of hemicelluloses, fibre separation
离子液体 ionic liquids	有机阳离子和无机阴离子 organic cation and inorganic anion	组分分离 fractionation of polymers
低共熔溶剂 deep-eutectic solvents	路易斯和布朗斯特酸和碱的混合物 mixtures of Lewis and Bronsted acids and bases	组分分离 fractionation of polymers
有机溶剂 organosolv	乙醇、丁醇等有机溶剂 organic solvents, e.g. ethanol, butanol	提取木质素 extraction of lignin
研磨/粉碎 milling/grinding	缩小尺寸 particle size reduction	增加比表面积、提高可及度 surface increase and improved access
生物 biological	降解原料 degradation of the material	褐腐菌降解半纤维素和纤维素、白腐菌降解木质素、软腐菌降解纤维素 brown-rot degrades hemicelluloses and cellulose, white-rot degrades lignin, soft-rot degrades cellulose

方案 scenario	设备总投资/百万美元 total cost of investment /million US＄	总生产成本/(百万美元/年) total cost of production /(million US＄/a)	糠醛得率/% furfural yield	乙醇得率/% ethanol yield	内部收益率/% internal rate of return(IRR)
1	272	13.70	59.50	—	12.92
2	294	18.12	—	95.69	10.18
3	327	18.37	13.68	63.79	3.64
4	306	18.17	31.14	74.71	7.19
5	305	18.57	68.73	53.51	12.78
6	305	18.17	29.00	77.30	8.64
7	322	18.89	50.47	17.02	10.54

预处理方式 pretreatment	设备投资/亿元 equipment investment/ ×10⁸ yuan	总投资费用/亿元 total capital investment/ ×10⁸ yuan	总运营成本/(亿元/年) total variable operating costs/(×10⁸ yuan/a)	乙醇生产成本/ (元/升) the costs of ethanol/(yuan/L)	最低乙醇出厂价格/(元/升) minimum ethanol selling price(MESP)/(yuan/L)
稀酸dilute acid	15.74	28.47	5.43	2.59	4.32
氨纤维爆破 ammonia fiber expansion	15.82	28.56	5.26	2.74	4.62
液态热水 liquid hot water	16.07	29.02	5.00	2.64	4.59

参数 parameter	方案1 case 1	方案2 case 2	方案3 case 3	方案4 case 4	方案5 case 5	方案6 case 6
操作单元顺序 unit operation sequence	D-N-E	D-N-E	D-N-E	N-E-D	N-E-D	N-E-D
溶剂补充源 solvent make-up source	回收柱侧流 side stream from recycling column	发酵醪蒸馏塔产物 beer column product	精馏塔产物 rectifying column product	回收柱侧流 side stream from recycling column	发酵醪蒸馏塔产物 beer column product	精馏塔产物 rectifying column product
乙醇产量/(kg·h^-1) ethanol production	23 822	24 047	24 063	24 412	24 559	24 685
溶剂回收率/% solvent recovery	98.26	98.30	98.31	98.71	98.74	98.62
发酵后乙醇质量分数/% ethanol mass fraction after ferm.	11.47	11.29	11.25	11.13	11.25	10.65
水消耗量/(kg·h^-1) water consumption	182 021	180 253	184 663	191 652	195 053	206 465
总能量消耗/kW total power consumption	521.4	521.5	521.4	524.4	528.3	525.6

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