虫茶营养成分分析及评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2022.05.014

林产化学与工业 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 100-106.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2022.05.014

虫茶营养成分分析及评价

薄采颖¹, 陈幸良²^,*(), 周永红¹, 胡立红¹

1. 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所；江苏省生物质能源与材料重点实验室；国家林业和草原局林产化学工程重点实验室；林木生物质低碳高效利用国家工程研究中心；江苏省林业资源高效加工利用协同创新中心，江苏南京 210042
2. 中国林学会，北京 100091

收稿日期:2021-09-29 出版日期:2022-10-28 发布日期:2022-11-02
通讯作者: 陈幸良 E-mail:chen62889299@126.com
作者简介:陈幸良，研究员，博士生导师，研究领域为林业生态工程、林业政策；E-mail: chen62889299@126.com
薄采颖(1984—)，女，江苏东海人，副研究员，博士，主要从事生物质资源转化与利用研究
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31901256);江苏省生物质能源与材料重点实验室基本科研业务费项目(JSBEM-S-202006)

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components of Insect Tea

Caiying BO¹, Xingliang CHEN²^,*(), Yonghong ZHOU¹, Lihong HU¹

1. Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210042, China
2. Chinese Society of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Received:2021-09-29 Online:2022-10-28 Published:2022-11-02
Contact: Xingliang CHEN E-mail:chen62889299@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对灰双纹螟-粤蛇葡萄虫茶、灰双纹螟-藤茶虫茶、化香夜蛾-化香树虫茶和灰双纹螟-鱼腥草虫茶等4种虫茶中所含基本营养成分、氨基酸及矿物质元素的含量进行检测和分析，结果表明：4种虫茶都含有多种营养成分，但营养成分的含量存在一定的差异，其含多酚为17.17~255.64 μmol/g，含总黄酮为2.46~27.18 mg/g，含总糖为0.64%~2.52%，含蛋白质为0.68%~1.27%，含粗纤维为13.50%~18.34%，含粗脂肪为0.17%~9.85%，其中粤蛇葡萄虫茶的多酚和总黄酮含量最高。4种虫茶中含有常见的17种氨基酸，氨基酸总量为70.16~81.46 mg/g，尤其是天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸及亮氨酸等含量均较高。化香虫茶的必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例为37.65%，接近联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)/世界卫生组织(WHO)理想模式的要求；必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为60.39%，符合FAO和WHO理想模式的要求。4种虫茶都含有丰富的人体所需的Ca、P、Mg、K和Mn等矿物元素，其中鱼腥草虫茶含K和Mg高达21.91和3.93 mg/g。此外，藤茶虫茶和鱼腥草虫茶还含有人体内必需的微量元素Se。

关键词: 虫茶, 营养成分, 分析, 评价

Abstract:

The content of basic nutrients, amino acids and mineral elements in 4 kinds of insect teas, including Herculia glaucinalis-Ampelopsis cantoniensis insect tea, H. glaucinalis-A. grossedentata insect tea, Hydrillodes repugnalis-Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. et Zucc insect tea and H. glaucinalis-Houttuynia cordata Thunb. insect tea, were detected and analyzed. The results showed that 4 kinds of insect teas contained a variety of nutrient compositions, but there were certain differences. The contents of polyphenol, flavonoid, total sugar, protein, crude fiber and crude fat in 4 kinds of insect teas were 17.17-255.64 μmol/g, 2.46-27.18 mg/g, 0.64%-2.52%, 0.68%-1.27%, 13.50%-18.34%, and 0.17%-9.85%, respectively. The contents of polyphenols and flavonoid were highest in the A. cantoniensis insect tea. There were 17 common amino acids in 4 kinds of insect tea, and the amino acid content was 70.16-81.46 mg/g. In particular, the contents of amino acid such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and leucine were high. The proportion of total essential amino acids in P. strobilacea insect tea was 37.65%, which was close to the requirements of the ideal model of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)/World Health Organization(WHO). The ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids reaches 60.39%, which meets the requirements of the ideal model of FAO and WHO. The 4 kinds of insect tea were rich in Ca, P, Mg, K and Mn and other mineral elements required by the human body. The contents of K, Mg in H. cordata insect tea were as high as 21.91 and 3.93 mg/g, respectively. In addition, A. grossedentata insect tea and H. cordata insect tea contained the essential microelement Se in human body.

Key words: insect tea, nutritional components, analysis, evaluation

中图分类号:

TQ35

薄采颖, 陈幸良, 周永红, 胡立红. 虫茶营养成分分析及评价[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2022, 42(5): 100-106.

Caiying BO, Xingliang CHEN, Yonghong ZHOU, Lihong HU. Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components of Insect Tea[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2022, 42(5): 100-106.

图/表 4

表1

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表4

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虫茶 insect tea	多酚/(μmol·g^-1) polyphenol	总黄酮/(mg·g^-1) total flavonoid	总糖/% total sugar	蛋白质/% protein	粗纤维/% crude fiber	粗脂肪/% crude fat
粤蛇葡萄虫茶A. cantoniensis	255.64	27.18	0.64	0.92	13.50	2.83
藤茶虫茶A. grossedentata	17.17	2.46	1.43	0.68	16.76	9.85
化香虫茶P. strobilacea	130.20	11.88	2.33	0.96	14.48	0.17
鱼腥草虫茶H. cordata	156.76	18.22	2.52	1.27	18.34	3.94

氨基酸种类¹⁾ types of amino acids	质量分数mass fraction/(mg·g^-1)
氨基酸种类¹⁾ types of amino acids	粤蛇葡萄虫茶 A. cantoniensis	藤茶虫茶 A. grossedentata	化香虫茶 P. strobilacea	鱼腥草虫茶 H. cordata
天冬氨酸Asp	9.28	8.76	9.19	7.83
苏氨酸Thr^*	4.62	4.47	4.55	3.91
丝氨酸Ser	4.82	4.18	5.01	3.83
谷氨酸Glu	9.02	9.37	9.38	8.62
甘氨酸Gly	5.74	5.55	5.66	6.32
丙氨酸Ala	4.88	4.88	5.23	4.37
半胱氨酸Cys	1.32	0.86	0.85	0.89
缬氨酸Val^*	5.08	4.63	5.02	4.32
蛋氨酸Met^*	2.09	1.90	2.19	2.90
异亮氨酸Ile^*	3.15	3.46	3.95	3.24
亮氨酸Leu^*	5.03	5.78	6.33	5.22
酪氨酸Tyr	2.58	2.37	3.17	2.49
苯丙氨酸Phe^*	3.28	3.71	4.29	3.51
赖氨酸Lys^*	3.34	2.89	4.34	2.98
组氨酸His	2.36	1.94	2.83	2.05
精氨酸Arg	3.08	3.57	3.71	3.02
脯氨酸Pro	5.57	4.90	5.76	4.66
EAA/(mg·g^-1)	26.59	26.84	30.67	26.08
NEAA/(mg·g^-1)	48.65	46.38	50.79	44.08
TAA/(mg·g^-1)	75.24	73.22	81.46	70.16
EAA/TAA/%	35.34	36.66	37.65	37.17
EAA/NEAA/%	54.66	57.87	60.39	59.17

氨基酸 amino acids	^*FAO模式/(mg·g^-1) FAO model	^*全鸡蛋模式/(mg·g^-1) whole egg model	氨基酸评分AAS				化学评分CS
氨基酸 amino acids	^*FAO模式/(mg·g^-1) FAO model	^*全鸡蛋模式/(mg·g^-1) whole egg model	粤蛇葡萄虫茶 A. cantoniensis	藤茶虫茶 A. grossedentata	化香虫茶 P. strobilacea	鱼腥草虫茶 H. cordata	粤蛇葡萄虫茶 A. cantoniensis	藤茶虫茶 A. grossedentata	化香虫茶 P. strobilacea	鱼腥草虫茶 H. cordata
Ile	40	54	8.56	12.72	10.29	6.38	6.34	9.42	7.62	4.72
Leu	70	86	7.81	12.14	9.42	5.87	6.36	9.88	7.67	4.78
Lys	55	70	6.60	7.73	8.22	4.27	5.19	6.07	6.46	3.35
Met+Cys	35	57	10.59	11.60	9.05	8.53	6.50	7.12	5.56	5.24
Phe+Tyr	60	93	10.62	14.90	12.95	7.87	6.85	9.61	8.36	5.08
Thr	40	47	12.55	16.43	11.85	7.70	10.68	13.99	10.08	6.55
Trp	10	16	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Val	50	66	11.04	13.62	10.46	6.80	8.37	10.32	7.92	5.15

矿物元素 mineral	质量分数mass fraction/(mg·g^-1)
矿物元素 mineral	粤蛇葡萄虫茶 A. cantoniensis	藤茶虫茶 A. grossedentata	化香虫茶 P. strobilacea	鱼腥草虫茶 H. cordata
Ca	8.03	24.78	14.04	9.19
P	1.19	2.21	1.13	4.04
Mg	2.89	2.72	3.42	3.93
K	12.37	12.91	12.54	21.91
Mn	2.61	0.33	0.36	1.13
Se	—	2.13×10^-4	—	1.40×10^-4

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虫茶营养成分分析及评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components of Insect Tea

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