MMT/IFR膨胀阻燃液化木质素磺酸钠基聚氨酯泡沫的制备及性能

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2024.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用木质素磺酸钠(SLS)液化产物完全替代聚醚多元醇, 同时以由壳聚糖(CS)和聚磷酸铵(APP)复配组成的膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)和蒙脱土(MMT)为添加剂, 制备出MMT/IFR膨胀阻燃液化木质素磺酸钠基聚氨酯泡沫(SLS-PUF/IFR/MMT)材料。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、极限氧指数(LOI)、热重分析(TG)仪、锥形量热仪、热导率测试仪和电子万能试验机等对材料的阻燃性能、热稳定性、燃烧性能、导热性能和压缩性能进行分析。研究结果表明: 当IFR添加量为20%时, 制备的材料100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR的LOI值达到了最高值24.3%；当IFR添加量≥16%时, 制备的材料100%SLS-PUF/IFR的垂直燃烧等级达到Ⅴ-0级。在此基础上, 当MMT添加量为2%时, 制备的材料100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/2%MMT的LOI值达到了24.8%, 且其垂直燃烧等级能够达到Ⅴ-0级。相较于100%SLS-PUF材料, 100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/2%MMT材料的峰值热降解速率、最大热释放速率和总热释放量分别降低了0.6%/min、145.6 kW/m²和13.9 MJ/m², 残炭量提高了13.1个百分点, 同时其表观密度和压缩强度则分别提高至58.72 kg/m³和296.6 kPa, 其热导率也达到了0.041 W/(m·K)。

关键词: 聚氨酯泡沫, 木质素磺酸钠, 阻燃性能, 压缩强度

Abstract:

The liquefied sodium lignosulfonate(SLS) products were used to completely replace polyether polyols, the intumescent flame retardant(IFR) was composed of chitosan(CS) and ammonium polyphosphate(APP), and montmorillonite(MMT) were used as additives, which were employed to prepare MMT/IFR intumescent flame retardant/liquefied lignosulfonate based polyurethane foam(SLS-PUF/IFR/MMT). The flame retardancy, thermal stability, combustion performance, thermal conductivity and compression properties of the materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM), limiting oxygen index(LOI), thermal gravimetric(TG) analyzer cone calorimeter, thermal conductivity tester and electronic universal testing machine. The results showed that: when the addition amount of IFR was 20%, the LOI value of the prepared material 100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR reached the highest value of 24.3%. When the amount of IFR was ≥16%, the vertical combustion grade of the prepared material 100%SLS-PUF/IFR reached Ⅴ-0 level. Basis on this result, the LOI value of the prepared material 100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/2%MMT reached 24.8% and its vertical combustion grade could reach Ⅴ-0 level, when the addition of MMT was 2%. Compared with 100%SLS-PUF material, the rate of thermal degradation of 100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/2%MMT material decreased by 0.6%/min, and its maximum heat release rate and total heat release were 145.6 kW/m² and 13.9 MJ/m², respectively. Moreover, the carbon residue content increased by 13.1 percentage points. At the same time, its apparent density and compressive strength were significantly increased to 58.72 kg/m³ and 296.6 kPa and its thermal conductivity also reached 0.041 W/(m·K).

Key words: polyurethane foam, sodium lignosulfonate, flame retardant properties, compressive strength

中图分类号:

TQ35

安昕煜, 李旭, 巩玲, 刘志明. MMT/IFR膨胀阻燃液化木质素磺酸钠基聚氨酯泡沫的制备及性能[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2024, 44(1): 24-32.

Xinyu AN, Xu LI, Ling GONG, Zhiming LIU. Preparation and Properties of MMT/IFR Intumescent Flame Retardant Liquefied Sodium Lignosulfonate Based Polyurethane Foam[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2024, 44(1): 24-32.

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样品samples	APP/g	CS/g	MMT/g
100%SLS-PUF	0	0	0
100%SLS-PUF/20%APP	20.66	0	0
100%SLS-PUF/5%IFR	3.87	1.29	0
100%SLS-PUF/10%IFR	7.75	2.58	0
100%SLS-PUF/15%IFR	11.59	3.87	0
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR	15.49	5.17	0
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/1%MMT	15.49	5.17	1.03
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/2%MMT	15.49	5.17	2.06
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/3%MMT	15.49	5.17	3.09
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/4%MMT	15.49	5.17	4.13
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/5%MMT	15.49	5.17	5.16

样品 samples	LOI/%	垂直燃烧级别 vertical combustion level	样品 samples	LOI/%	垂直燃烧级别 vertical combustion level
100%SLS-PUF	20.3	HB	100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR	24.3	Ⅴ-0
100%SLS-PUF/5%IFR	21.6	HB	100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/1%MMT	24.5	Ⅴ-0
100%SLS-PUF/10%IFR	22.6	HB	100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/2%MMT	24.8	Ⅴ-0
100%SLS-PUF/15%IFR	23.6	HB	100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/3%MMT	24.7	Ⅴ-0
100%SLS-PUF/16%IFR	23.8	Ⅴ-0	100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/4%MMT	24.6	Ⅴ-0
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR	24.3	Ⅴ-0	100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/5%MMT	24.4	Ⅴ-0

样品samples	T_i/℃	第一阶段first stage		第二阶段second stage		残炭量(700 ℃)/% char yield
样品samples	T_i/℃	R_p/(%·min^-1)	T_p/℃	R_p/(%·min^-1)	T_p/℃	残炭量(700 ℃)/% char yield
100%SLS-PUF	267.1	-6.9	331.8	-2.8	410.1	23.4
100%SLS-PUF/20%APP	253.9	-6.6	281.1	-2.1	353.8	33.7
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR	249.1	-6.4	282.2	—	—	35.6
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/2%MMT	251.3	-6.3	284.2	—	—	36.4

样品 samples	点燃时间/s ignition time	第一个峰1st peak		第二个峰2nd peak		总热释放量/(MJ·m^-2) total heat release	残炭量/% charyield
样品 samples	点燃时间/s ignition time	热释放速率/(kW·m^-2) heat release rate	时间/stime	热释放速率/(kW·m^-2) heat release rate	时间/stime	总热释放量/(MJ·m^-2) total heat release	残炭量/% charyield
100%SLS-PUF	2	314.1	42	301.1	66	27.2	17.1
100%SLS-PUF/20%APP	2	203.1	30	190.6	96	19.2	29.1
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR	2	163.2	13	184.3	64	14.7	29.8
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/2%MMT	2	168.5	11	177.2	53	13.3	30.2

样品 samples	表观密度/(kg·m^-3) apparent density	压缩强度/kPa compressive strength
100%SLS-PUF	58.62	267.0
100%SLS-PUF/5%IFR	59.26	296.1
100%SLS-PUF/10%IFR	60.07	371.6
100%SLS-PUF/15%IFR	62.43	422.7
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR	63.84	236.6
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/1%MMT	60.31	268.4
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/2%MMT	58.72	296.6
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/3%MMT	55.47	239.7
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/4%MMT	54.32	188.4
100%SLS-PUF/20%IFR/5%MMT	52.79	132.4