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林产化学与工业

林产化学与工业 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 65-73.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2024.01.009

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

糠醛渣增强粗甘油基聚氨酯泡沫性能的研究

付凯1, 阎振丽2, 李梦雨1, 陈玮3, 张琳达1, 常春1,4,*()   

  1. 1. 郑州大学 化工学院, 河南 郑州 450001
    2. 车用生物燃料技术国家重点实验室, 河南 南阳 473000
    3. 河南省生物基化学品绿色制造重点实验室, 河南 濮阳 457000
    4. 河南省杰出外籍科学家工作室, 河南 郑州 450001
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-25 出版日期:2024-02-28 发布日期:2024-02-23
  • 通讯作者: 常春 E-mail:chunchang@zzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:常春, 教授, 博士生导师, 研究领域为生物质资源化利用; E-mail: chunchang@zzu.edu.cn
    付凯(1999—)，男，河南洛阳人，硕士生，主要从事生物质资源化利用工作
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(22178328);生物质资源加工与高效利用杰出外籍科学家工作室资助项目(GZS2022007);南阳市协同创新重大专项(郑州大学南阳研究院)(21XTCX12002)

Research on the Performance of Furfural Residue Enforced Crude Glycerol-based Polyurethane Foam

Kai FU1, Zhenli YAN2, Mengyu LI1, Wei CHEN3, Linda ZHANG1, Chun CHANG1,4,*()   

  1. 1. School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Nanyang 473000, China
    3. Henan Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Biobased Chemicals, Puyang 457000, China
    4. Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  • Received:2022-10-25 Online:2024-02-28 Published:2024-02-23
  • Contact: Chun CHANG E-mail:chunchang@zzu.edu.cn

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摘要：

采用一锅法将生物柴油副产物粗甘油(CG)转化为生物基多元醇(CG-polyol)，并以糠醛渣(FR)为增强填料，共混发泡制备出一种FR增强生物基聚氨酯(PU/FR)泡沫复合材料。通过对PU/FR泡沫的结构形貌、热稳定性、发泡时间、密度和压缩强度进行表征，探究了糠醛渣粒径(0.25 mm、0.09 mm样品分别标记为FR60和FR180)和添加量对PU/FR泡沫性能的影响。结果表明：通过热转化法合成的CG-polyol酸值为1.9 mg/g、羟值为406 mg/g、黏度为1 092 mPa·s，该多元醇适合用于制备PU泡沫。FR的加入延长了发泡时间，最大上升时间和不粘时间分别由未添加时的29和31 s提高到37和39 s，泡孔结构更加完整，泡孔尺寸减少，破碎现象明显减少。FR添加量≤5%时，可有效提高泡沫的密度和压缩强度；当添加量相同时，FR180填料对泡沫的性能提升更显著；当FR180添加量为5%时制备的PU/FR180-5泡沫复合材料的压缩强度达到最大为0.153 3 MPa，相比未添加FR的泡沫提高了28.1%，此时密度为0.051 0 g/cm3，导热系数为0.032 8 W/(m·K)，复合材料的综合性能较好。同时FR的添加可适当提高PU泡沫材料的热稳定性，相比未添加FR的泡沫的最大热解速率温度(Tmax)453 ℃，PU/FR180-5泡沫的Tmax达到463 ℃。

关键词: 糠醛渣, 粗甘油, 高值化, 聚氨酯泡沫

Abstract:

The biobased polyol(CG-polyol) was synthesized via one-pot method from crude glycerol(GC), a byproduct of biodiesel production, and the furfural residues(FR) was used as the reinforcing filler, which were blended for the preparation of a type of furfural residues-reinforced biobased polyurethane(PU/FR) foam composite material. The effects of FR size(0.25 mm, 0.09 mm samples FR60 and FR180) and addition amount on the PU/FR foam properties were investigated by characterizing the structure and morphology, thermal stability, foaming time, density and compressive strength of PU/FR foam. The results demonstrated that the CG-polyol synthesized by thermal conversion method had an acid number of 1.9 mg/g, a hydroxyl number of 406 mg/g, and a viscosity of 1 092 mPa·s, enabling it for preparing PU foam. The addition of FR prolonged the foaming time, and the maximum rise time and non-stick time increased from 29 and 31 s to 37 and 39 s, respectively. The cell structure of the foam became more complete, the size of the cell was reduced, and the breakage phenomenon was significantly reduced. When the amount of FR added was ≤5%, the density and compressive strength of the foam could be effectively improved. When the addition amount was the same, FR180 showed the most significant improvement in foam properties. Incorporating 5% FR180 into the preparation of PU/FR180-5 foam composite material resulted in a maximum compressive strength of 0.153 3 MPa, representing a 28.1% increase compared to the foam without FR. At this point, the density was 0.051 0 g/cm3 and the thermal conductivity was 0.032 8 W/(m·K). The overall performance of the composite material was better. Moreover, the addition of FR could moderately enhance the thermal stability of the PU foam material. Compared to the foam without FR, the maximum pyrolysis rate temperature(Tmax) of the PU/FR180-5 foam increased from 453 ℃ to 463 ℃.

Key words: furfural residue, crude glycerol, high-value, polyurethane foam

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