生物质气化技术的发展现状及展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2022.05.016

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to promote the development of biomass gasification technology and the utilization of gasification products, the development and industrial status of biomass gasification technology, gasifier type and its development status at home and abroad were mainly introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of biomass gasification technology were analyzed. At the same time, it is also found that China's biomass resources had great potential and biomass energy had the excellent characteristics of renewability, such as renewable, less pollution, large reserves, wide distribution, zero carbon emissions and so on. However, it was difficult to internationalize because of a series of problems such as imperfect of collection-storage-transportation system, shortage of capital chain and more by-products. It was further prospected that biomass gasification in China should not only take a basic research, but also consider the overall demand of biomass gasification technology and the competition with other technologies as the future development direction and important key point. This paper was expected to lay a solid foundation for the further development of biomass gasification technology and the high-value utilization of gasification products.

Key words: biomass, gasification technology, gasifier, development status, prospect

CLC Number:

TQ35

Xueqin LI, Peng LIU, Youqing WU, Tingzhou LEI, Shiyong WU, Sheng HUANG. Development Status and Prospect of Biomass Gasification Technology[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2022, 42(5): 113-121.

Figures/Tables 7

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Table 1

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Table 2

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气化剂 gasification agents	H₂	O₂	N₂	CO	CO₂	CH₄	C₂H₂	C₂H₄	C₂H₆	H₂/CO
空气air	10.0	0.5	41.2	23.0	18.1	5.2	0.4	1.8	0.1	0.44
富氧oxygen-rich	9.5	0.5	7.3	46.8	23.4	9.7	0.8	2.0	0.4	0.20
空气-水蒸气air-steam	18.2	0.5	33.7	21.1	19.5	5.3	0.2	2.3	0.4	0.85
氧气-水蒸气oxygen- steam	32.1	0.3	0.3	28.2	30.4	7.5	0.2	2.1	0.2	1.14
水蒸气steam	50.8	0.3	0.3	20.3	19.6	7.1	0.3	1.8	0.2	2.50

国家counrty	类型type	原料raw material	规模scale
美国America	下吸式downdraft	树木trees	1 MW
		木屑wood chips，玉米棒corn cob	40 kW
丹麦Denmark	上吸式upper suction	皮革leather	2-15 MW
		稻草straw, 木屑wood chips, 树皮bark	1-15 MW
	下吸式downdraft	木屑残渣wood chips residue	0.5 MW
新西兰New Zealand	下吸式downdraft	木块wooden block, 木片piece, 柳条wicker	30 kW
法国France	下吸式downdraft	农业残渣agricultural residue	100-600 MW
英国Britain	下吸式downdraft	榛子壳haznut shell	30 kW
英国Britain	下吸式downdraft	农业废物agricultural wastes	300 kW
印度India	下吸式downdraft	稻壳rice husk	100 kg/h25-100 kW
印度India	下吸式downdraft	丹茶dan tea, 玉米棒corn cob, 木材wood	128 kW
比利时Belgium	小型small scale	木屑wood chips	160 kW
南非South Africa	下吸式downdraft	木块碎片wood block fragments, 煤coal	30-500 kW
芬兰Finland	上吸式upper suction	木片wood chips, 稻草straw, 泥炭peat	4-5MW
荷兰Holland	下吸式downdraft	稻壳rice husk	150 kW
中国China		木屑wood chips	200 kW
	下吸式downdraft	农作物残渣crop residue	300 kW
		稻壳rice shell	200 kW
	流化床fluidized bed	农林废弃物all kinds of agricultural and forestry wastes	1 000 kW
	循环流化床circulating fluidized bed	农林废弃物all kinds of agricultural and forestry	200-1 200 kW
		秸秆straw, 木屑wood chips, 花生壳peanut shell	5.5 MW

年份 year	水稻 rice	小麦 wheat	玉米 corn	豆类 beans	薯类 potatoes	花生 peanuts	油菜 rape	棉花 cotton	麻类 hemp	糖料 sugar	烟叶 tobacco leaves
2010	157.7	1323.5	1396.7	64.0	51.8	264.7	93.1	64.8	1.6	1.7	0.8
2011	158.8	1341.0	1449.4	65.3	52.8	266.0	81.0	55.4	1.8	1.7	0.8
2012	158.2	1384.0	1718.4	54.2	37.3	280.8	60.6	24.6	1.6	1.4	0.8
2013	155.0	1402.6	1808.2	59.3	34.5	290.4	58.0	16.9	1.6	1.4	0.9
2014	167.5	1453.6	1784.6	35.3	34.1	288.5	52.0	12.2	1.2	1.3	0.8
2015	167.3	1514.5	1955.1	33.5	34.0	295.3	48.4	9.8	1.2	1.1	0.8
2016	170.1	1553.8	1893.5	33.6	33.6	305.9	42.8	7.1	1.2	1.1	0.7
2017	162.4	1591.0	1854.0	36.6	33.4	327.9	44.1	6.4	1.0	1.0	0.7
2018	167.8	1547.1	2008.9	69.8	24.2	354.3	40.8	5.5	0.9	1.0	0.7

标准类型 standard type	固体生物质 solid biomass	生物天然气 biogas	燃料乙醇/生物柴油 fuel ethanol/biodiesel	农林生物质综合利用 comprehensive utilization of agricultural and forestry biomass	生物质供热发电 biomass heating and power generation	生物质气化 biomass gasification
国内domestic	30	18	8	14	0	0
行业industry	86	76	20	7	15	4

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Development Status and Prospect of Biomass Gasification Technology

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