杨木灰的熔融特性及其影响因素分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2024.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过马弗炉灼烧实验考察了成灰温度对杨木灰表观形貌的影响，采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱分析等方法对比分析了不同成灰温度(600、800、1 000 ℃)下制得的杨木灰的理化特性；采用灰熔点测试仪测试了杨木灰的熔融特征温度，揭示了杨木灰熔融特征温度与成灰温度和停留时间的关系。将成灰温度800 ℃、停留时间2 h的杨木灰处理至变形温度(DT)状态，分析熔融过程中杨木灰的理化特性，进一步研究杨木灰的熔融性能。结果表明：在停留时间为2 h的条件下，成灰温度为600 ℃时，杨木灰的主要矿物晶相为K₂SO₄、KCl、SiO₂、K₂Ca₂(SO₄)₃、Na₂Si₂O₅等；成灰温度为800 ℃时，杨木灰的主要矿物晶相为MgSiO₃、Na₂Si₂O₅、Na₆Mg(SO₄)₄、SiO₂、CaSO₃等；成灰温度1 000 ℃杨木灰的XRD图谱与800 ℃时较为相似。600 ℃时，杨木灰有明显的孔洞，表面结构比较完整；随着温度的升高，杨木灰表面结构有了明显的破坏，表面结构的孔洞逐渐增大，结构破碎。杨木灰的熔融特征温度与成灰温度呈正相关关系，而与停留时间无明显线性关系。800 ℃停留2 h得到的杨木灰的变形温度(DT)、软化温度(ST)、半球温度(HT)和流动温度(FT)分别为1 224、1 254、1 267和1 294 ℃。处理至DT状态下的杨木灰中絮状物消失，表面仍有少量孔洞，孔洞中有灰渣小颗粒嵌入。

关键词: 生物质, 熔融特性, 熔融特征温度, DT温度

Abstract:

The effect of ashing temperature on the apparent morphology of poplar ash was investigated by muffle furnace burning experiment. The physicochemical properties of poplar ash prepared at different ashing temperatures(600, 800, 1 000 ℃) were compared and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis. The melting characteristic temperature of poplar ash was measured by ash melting point tester. The relationship between melting characteristic temperature of poplar ash and ashing temperature and residence time was revealed. The poplar ash with ashing temperature of 800 ℃ and residence time of 2 h was treated to the deformation temperature(DT) state. The physicochemical properties of poplar ash during the melting process were analyzed, and the melting performance of poplar ash was further studied. The results showed that the main mineral crystal phases of poplar ash were K₂SO₄, KCl, SiO₂, K₂Ca₂(SO₄)₃, Na₂Si₂O₅ and so on when the ashing temperature was 600 ℃ and the residence time was 2 h. Under the conditions of the ash formation temperature of 800 ℃ and the residence time of 2 h, the main mineral crystal phases of poplar ash were MgSiO₃, Na₂Si₂O₅, Na₆Mg(SO₄)₄, SiO₂, CaSO₃ and so on. The XRD pattern of poplar ash at 1 000 ℃ was similar to that at 800 ℃. At 600 ℃, the poplar ash had obvious holes and the surface structure was relatively complete. With the increase of temperature, the surface structure of poplar ash had obvious damage, and the holes in the surface structure gradually increased. The melting characteristic temperature of poplar ash had a positive correlation with the ashing temperature, while there was no obvious linear relationship with the residence time. The deformation temperature(DT), softening temperature(ST), hemisphere temperature(HT) and flow temperature(FT) of poplar ash obtained at 800 ℃ for 2 h were 1 224, 1 254, 1 267 and 1 294 ℃, respectively. When the poplar ash was treated to DT state, the floccule disappeared, and there were still a few holes on the surface, with small particles of ash embedded in the holes.

Key words: biomass, melting characteristics, melting characteristics temperature, DT temperature

中图分类号:

TQ35
TK6

齐洋, 姚锡文, 许开立. 杨木灰的熔融特性及其影响因素分析[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2024, 44(1): 58-64.

Yang QI, Xiwen YAO, Kaili XU. Analysis of Melting Characteristics of Poplar Ash and Its Influencing Factors[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2024, 44(1): 58-64.

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参考文献 17

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实验条件 experimental condition	杨木屑初始质量/g initial mass of poplar sawdust	杨木灰质量/g mass of poplar ash	杨木灰得率/% yield of poplar ash
800 ℃/1 h	20.009 3	1.126 1	5.63
600 ℃/2 h	20.008 3	1.115 4	5.57
800 ℃/2 h	20.008 6	1.030 0	5.15
1 000 ℃/2 h	20.000 0	0.942 8	4.71
800 ℃/3 h	20.007 4	1.021 0	5.10

温度/℃ temperature	C_ad/%	H_ad/%	N_ad/%	S_ad/%
600	1.57	0.13	0.33	4.53
800	0.92	0.06	0.04	0.62
1 000	0.44	0.03	0.15	0.28

成灰温度/℃ temperature	停留时间/h dwell time	变形温度/℃ DT	软化温度/℃ ST	半球温度/℃ HT	流动温度/℃ FT
600	2	1 204	1 252	1 257	1 264
800	2	1 224	1 254	1 267	1 294
1 000	2	1 234	1 270	1 285	1 298
800	1	1 170	1 261	1 273	1 286
800	3	1 220	1 252	1 262	1 288

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