Table of Content

30 June 2003, Volume 23 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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STUDIES ON TECHNOLOGY OF ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION OF MALVA SYLVESTRIS L.VAR.MAURITIANA PIGMENT WANG Zhen yu;ZHAO Xin 2003, 23 (2):  65-67.  Abstract ( 859 )   PDF (475KB) ( 1932 )   Save Malva sylvestris L.var.mauritiana Miller is an annual and cultivated herb.It blossoms largely and the flower contains a great deal of red pigment, which is an important natural pigment resourse applicable broadly in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.Pigment of M.sylvestris L.var. mauritiana is a kind of anthocyanin which can be decomposed and decolorized easily under routine extracting technological condition.Technology of ultrasonic extraction of pigment has the advantages of short time, high efficiency and high yield without decomposition and decoloration of pigment caused by long time and high temperature conditions.Preliminary investigations on technological conditions of ultrasonic extraction were carried out to obtain the optimum technological parameter as follows:ultrasonic frequency 30 kHz, concentration of sulfuric acid 2%, extraction time 40 min, temperature 50℃. Related Articles | Metrics

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ANALYSIS ON QUALITY OF SOME MAIN POPULATIONS OF DIOSCOREA ZINGIBERENSIS IN CHINA HUANG Chun hong;HANG Yue yu;ZHOU Yi feng;GUO Ke yue;LI Zhengute 2003, 23 (2):  68-72.  Abstract ( 728 )   PDF (702KB) ( 933 )   Save By RP-HPLC method, diosgenin content of Dioscorea zingiberensis collected from 9 wild populations and 3 cultured populations in China were determined.The change of diosgenin content and weight of rhizoma were also tested after introduced from their native sites to Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and cultivated for a year.The result showed that diosgenin content in a year and the annual enlargement of root vary among different populations. D.zingiberensis of cultured populations has significant root enlargement and less diosgenin content than those of wild populations.In addition, the diosgenin content and its change are not correlated with water content.It concludes that the hereditary maintance of diosgenin content should be considered as the principal criterion in selection of cultivar. Related Articles | Metrics

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CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM LEAVES OF CALOPHYLLUM MEMBRANACEUM GARDN. CHEN Guang ying;HAN Chang ri;SONG Xiao ping;HUANG Hua rong;LIN Yong cheng 2003, 23 (2):  73-76.  Abstract ( 731 )   PDF (761KB) ( 926 )   Save Six compounds, namely:friedelin(1), β-sitosterol(2), canophyllol(3), isocalophyllic acid(4), amentoflavone(5) and canophyllic acid(6) were isolated from the leaves of Calophyllum membranaceum Gardn.et Champ.Their structures were determined by analysis of 1HNMR, 13CNMR and MS.Isocalophyllic acid exhibited selective in vitro cytotoxicity toward Bel-7402 and NCI 4460, their IC50 were 9.074 and 6.372 μg/mL, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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CATALYTIC SYNTHESIS OF FRAISTONE BY TiSiW12O40/TiO2 YANG Shui jin;XU Lou jin;SUN Ju tang 2003, 23 (2):  77-80.  Abstract ( 780 )   PDF (660KB) ( 861 )   Save A new environmental friendly catalyst, TiSiW12O40/TiO2 was prepared and characterized by IR and XRD.Synthesis of fraistone with ethyl acetoacetate and 1, 2 propylene glycol as reactants and TiSiW12O40/TiO2 as catalyst was studied.Results showed that TiSiW12O40/TiO2 was an excellent catalyst for the synthesis of fraistone, and the optimum reaction conditions was as follows:molar ratio of ethyl acetoacetate to 1, 2 propylene glycol 1:1.5, dosage of catalyst 1.0% of feed stock, reaction time 1.0 h.under this condition, yield of fraistone was about 83.3%.The catalyst can be reused for at least six times. Related Articles | Metrics

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FACTORS INFLUENCING COLOUR OF URUSHI WAX WANG You qiong;ZHANG Fa xian;ZHAO Hong 2003, 23 (2):  81-83.  Abstract ( 675 )   PDF (386KB) ( 703 )   Save Factors affecting colour deepening of urushi wax were discussed from the aspects of its chemical constitution and processing technology.Effects of pigment and protein impurities and fatty acid on colour of urushi wax were discussed in detail.It was indicated that the essential reason leading to deep colour of urushi wax was the processing technology.Solutions of the problem were pointed out as well. Related Articles | Metrics

综述评论

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APPLICATION OF ROSIN AS ENCAPSULATIONAL MATERIAL LIU Chun ye;TANG Hui;WANG Ya ming 2003, 23 (2):  85-89.  Abstract ( 665 )   PDF (506KB) ( 651 )   Save Application of rosin as encapsulational material was reviewed.Discussions on developments and advantages of rosin as encapsulational material in fertilizers, medicines, agricultural chemicals, pigments and other materials were focused.For example, using rosin in the encapsulational materials of fertilizers, medicines, and agricultural chemicals can improve their utilization efficiency.Using rosin in the encapsulational material of pigment, the glossiness and adherence of pigment are improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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ADVANCES IN THE STUDIES ON TOXINS OF AMANITA ZHAO Jian;ZHANG Jie;HOU Ruo tong;LI Da xu;YANG Zhi rong 2003, 23 (2):  90-96.  Abstract ( 658 )   PDF (780KB) ( 1165 )   Save According to their different structures and properties, the main toxic substances of Amanita are cyclopeptides that are classified into three toxicological compounds:amatoxins, phallotoxins and virotoxins.These toxic peptides, as newfashioned resources, can be applied widely in many research fields:single inhibition of mRNA synthesis in eukaryote, localization of genes in different cells and tissues, expression and control of gene, identification of cell membrane transport system, study on cell structure and function and research in the field of tumor and virus.At the same time, the derivatives and analogues of wide cytotoxic cyclopeptides have their own chemical and biological properties.In this paper, advances in the studies on toxins, such as distribution and examination of polypeptides, chemical structure and character, kinetics and toxicology of Amanita toxic peptides, clinical symptom and integrated utilizations were summarized and reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

研究简报

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DETERMINATION OF AMINO ACIDS IN RANUNCULUS TERNATUS THUNB. YAO Cheng;CHEN Jun;OUYANG Ping kai 2003, 23 (2):  97-98.  Abstract ( 833 )   PDF (272KB) ( 815 )   Save The determination of amino acids in Chinese herb Ranunculus ternatus Thunb.by the amino acids auto matic analyzer is presented in this article.The result shows that there are 15 kinds of amino acids in R.ternatus Thunb.Their contents in the herb, cultivated in Henan, Xinjiang, Shandong, Hubei, Anhui Provinces are 9.49%, 7.65%, 10.7%, 9.93% and 8.46%, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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EVALUATION ON DIRECT ELECTROLYTIC OXIDATION OF p-CYMENE BI Liang wu;LIU Xian zhang;WANG Jin rong;XU Peng xiang;ZHAO Zhen dong;CHU Fu xiang 2003, 23 (2):  1-6.  Abstract ( 668 )   PDF (795KB) ( 826 )   Save Direct electrolytic oxidation of p cymene in the presence of organic solvents, appropriate supporting electrolyte and carbon rod electrodes was studied in this study.Main electrolytic oxidative products, such as, thymol methyl ether, 1 isopropyl-4-methoxymethylbenzene, cuminaldehyde, pcymen-7-ol, p(dimethoxy methyl)-isopropylbenzene, methyl 4-isopropylbenzoate, p(hydroxy-methoxymethyl)-isopropylbenzene, cuminyl acetate, and 1-(dimethoxymethyl)-4-(1 methoxy 1 methyl ethyl) benzene, were determined by GC and GC MS.Factors influencing the yield of the main oxidative product were studied in detail.Reasonable conditions for direct electrolytic oxidation of pcymene to selectively prepare cuminaldehyde are:20-25 h for electrolysis, 10:1 ratio of methanol to acetic acid, sodium fluoborate as supporting electrolyte, 1:1 area ratio of anode to cathode, 0.018 A/cm2of current density. Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECTS OF ENDO-XYLANASE AND XYLOSIDASE PRETREATMENT ON BLEACHING PROPERTIES OF WHEAT STRAW PULP MAO Lian shan;YOU Ji xue;SONG Xiang yang;YONG Qiang;YU Shi yuan 2003, 23 (2):  7-11.  Abstract ( 652 )   PDF (674KB) ( 789 )   Save Effects of endo xylanase and xylosidase pretreatment on bleaching properties of wheat straw pulp have been investigated.Results show that brightness of bleached pulp with endo xylanase and xylosidase pretreatment is increased respectively by 2.5 and 1.9 percentages greater than that of control pulp, and strength of bleached pulps is better than that of control pulp.Endo xylanase and xylosidase acted synergistically on the pretreated wheat straw pulp before its bleaching.Brightness of bleached pulp with mixture of endo xylanase and xylosidase is increased respectively by 0.9 and 1.5 percentages greater than that with endo xylanase and xylosidase pretreatment.It is found that there were many pores in the surfaces and across sections of pulp with endo xylanase and xylosidase under electronic microscope, and pores of pulp with endo xylanase pretreatment were more and larger than those with xylosidase pretreatment. It is found that endo xylanase and xylosidase could not destroy pulp crystallinity by X-ray analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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PHOTOCATALYTIC REGENERATION OF WOOD-BASED ACTIVATED CARBON LIU Shou xin;ZHANG Shi run;SUN Cheng lin 2003, 23 (2):  12-16.  Abstract ( 668 )   PDF (855KB) ( 957 )   Save By using TiO2 and Ag TiO2 as catalyst, 253.7 nm UV as irradiation source, methylene blue as model compound, photocatalytic regeneration of wood based activated carbons were investigated in photocatalyst suspension and loaded system.Main variables affecting regeneration efficiency were investigated, including activity of the photocatalyst, regeneration time, temperature, particle size of activated carbon, pH value and regeneration cycles.Result showed that under favorable condition, photocatalytic regeneration of wood based activated carbon could be achieved.For 60-80 mesh carbon, the regeneration efficiency upto 81% can be obtained by regeneration at 50℃ for 72 h. Related Articles | Metrics

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REFINING PROCESS AND ORGANIC COMPONENT OF WOOD VINEGAR PIAO Zhe;YAN Ji chang;CUI Xiang lan;LIU Yue chun;CHU Ren he;LIAN Rui de 2003, 23 (2):  17-20.  Abstract ( 1428 )   PDF (940KB) ( 2075 )   Save In order to determine the technological conditions of refining wood vinegar used as acidic additives in beverage, feed of domestic animals and drinking water, the change of organic components in the refining process of wood vinegar was investigated with GC/MS in detail.Phenol, which is harmful to human body and domestic animals, was analytically traced as representative component.Result showed that through combinated application of several simple and typical refining unit operations, phenol and other hard removable harmful components could be removed.Through refining process, phenol concentration was reduced to undetectable degree from 836 mg/L of the original wood vinegar. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY ON DISPROPORTIONATION OF GUM ROSIN CATALYZED BY NON-NOBLE METAL WANG Ya ming;SONG Sheng mei;ZHOU Mei cun;JIA Qing ming;SHAN Shao yun 2003, 23 (2):  21-24.  Abstract ( 777 )   PDF (734KB) ( 1083 )   Save Nanometer particle of non noble metal catalysts have been preparated by means of metal alkoxide hydrolysis.F/MnOx catalyst was used to catalyze the disproportionation of gum rosin from Pinus kesiya var. langbinanensis at 270℃ for 3 h under N2 stream and rosin:catalyst:solvent=100:2.5:1(wt).The disproportionated rosin with the content of dehydroabietic acid>48%, acid value>152 mgKOH/g, softening point>79℃, unsaponifiable matters<8%, colour No.(Lovibond) <2 was produced. Related Articles | Metrics

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REGRESSION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EFFLUENT POLLUTION LOAD AND SORTS AND AMOUNT OF WASTEPAPER SHI Ying qiao;DING Lan bao;LI Ping;FANG Gui gan;LO Sung nien 2003, 23 (2):  25-27.  Abstract ( 608 )   PDF (420KB) ( 635 )   Save Production data of a modern paper mill were analyzed by mathematical statistic method.Multilinear regression equation between effluent pollution load and sorts and amount of waste papers was established to reveal variation rule.Analysis results shows that, when amount of wastepaper approachs to maximum and taking pollution load from unit mass of domestic wastepaper as 100%, pollution load from Europen wastepaper is 92%, from American wastepaper is 71%, and from Japanese wastepaper and wood pulp is 11%.Results of regression analysis is beneficial to reduce pollution and optimize production technology of the paper industry.This study provides a new approach to predict pollution in pulping and papermaking industry. Related Articles | Metrics

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AlCl3 SUPPORTED ON MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR SIEVES AS CATALYSTS FOR POLYMERIZATION OF α-PINENE YU Shi tao;LI Lu;LIU Fu sheng;XIE Cong xia;SHAO Chang li 2003, 23 (2):  28-32.  Abstract ( 573 )   PDF (1114KB) ( 786 )   Save Mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 containing Al and Zr were prepared.SO42- and BO33- were incorporated into MCM-41 to get the super acidic SO42-/Al-MCM-41、SO42-/Zr-MCM-41、BO33-/Al-MCM-41 and BO33-/Zr-MCM-41 catalysts, which were characterized by XRD, T-IR measurements and Hammett indicator.Results show that the skeleton of mesoporous molecular and crystallinity were improved.SO42- and BO33- were incorporated into the frame of MCM-41.AlCl3 was supported on mesoporous molecular sieves to catalyze the polymerization of α-pinene .Factors affecting the reaction were discussed in detail, such as:acid intensity of mesoporous molecular sieve, amount of AlCl3 and polarity of solvent. Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT WITH ACETIC ACID AQUEOUS SOLUTION ON CARBONIZATION OF SUGI(CRYPTOMERIA JAPONICA D.Don) WOOD LU Bao wang;MATSUI Takanao;MATSUSHITA Yoh-ichi;SUGAMOTO Kazuhiro 2003, 23 (2):  33-36.  Abstract ( 701 )   PDF (530KB) ( 645 )   Save Sugi woods treated with acetic acid aqueous solution were found to become lighter in weight.Treated and untreated sugi woods were carbonized at 400℃ to afford wood vinegar, wood tar and charcoal.Yield of wood vinegar from the pretreated wood was increased, but yields of wood tar and charcoal were decreased.Yields of wood vinegar and wood tar were almost constant, though yield of charcoal was slightly decreased with the increase of acetic acid aqueous solution concentration.Components in wood vinegar from the treated and untreated sugi woods were determined by capillary gas chromatography (capillary GC).Amounts of 2-furaldehyde and 5-hydroxymethyl2-furaldehyde in wood vinegar from the treated wood were increased, but amounts of carboxylic acids, phenols, pyrocatechol, guaiacols, and maltol were almost constant.Amount of 2-furaldehyde were increased with the increase of acetic acid aqueous solution concentration from 0 to 3%, and almost constant from 3% to 30%. Related Articles | Metrics

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SYNTHESIS AND PERFORMANCE OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT OF LIGNIN AS CATIONIC FLOCCULANT FANG Gui zhen;HE Wei hua;SONG Zhan qian 2003, 23 (2):  37-41.  Abstract ( 847 )   PDF (773KB) ( 965 )   Save Cationic flocculant of quaternary ammonium salt of lignin was synthesized using sulphate lignin from papermaking black liquor.The decolourizing performance of quaternary ammonium salt of lignin and effects of different catalysts on the synthesis were studied.Quaternary ammonium salt of lignin was investigated through infrared spectrum(FTIR).Flocculation performance of the salt applied to dye liquor of high concentration and high colority has been quantitatively analysed. Results indicate that cationic flocculant of quaternary ammonium salt of lignin can be synthesized by grafting reaction.Synthesis of monomeric quaternary ammonium salt was carried out at:mole ratio of tri methylamine and chloro cyclopropane 1:0.7, temperature from -3℃ to -6℃.Ammonium supersulphate is a favorable catalyst by contrasting different catalysts at dosage 0.5%. Quaternary ammonium salt of lignin was used as flocculant for decolorizing dye waste water at 2-3 g/L in acidic condition(pH value 2-3).This modified natural macromolecule product is a flocculant for dye wastewater with favorable performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECT OF LOW PH VALUE TO FERMENTATION OF ETHANOL BY IMMOBILIZED CELLS OF PICHIA STIPITIS SONG Xiang yang;YONG Qiang;XU Yong;YAO Chun cai;YU Shi yuan 2003, 23 (2):  42-46.  Abstract ( 643 )   PDF (683KB) ( 562 )   Save Pichia stipitis yeast cells were immobilized by entrapment in marine alga manganese gel, the resulted gel beads with a diameter of 2-3 mm were further incubated to study the fermentation of ethanol under the condition of low pH value.The yeast cell immobilized gel beads were treated at low pH value(3.8, 2.8, 2.4) respectively for 2-3 h, followed by normal pH value 5.0.When pH value was 3.8, most bacteria were killed after such a treatment, while stabilization of immobilized cells was not affected significantly.When treated at pH value 2.4 or below, however, immobilized cells were injured under electronic microscopic observation, and it was difficult to recover the function, and shape of yeast cells changed into slim or irregular state from the original ellipsoid. Related Articles | Metrics

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MANUFACTURE OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM BAMBOO BY MICROWAVE RADIATION CHEN Jin gen;YU Yang lun;ZHAO Li hua;NI Yong zhou 2003, 23 (2):  47-50.  Abstract ( 576 )   PDF (739KB) ( 620 )   Save Activated carbon was produced from bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens).Influencing factors on properties of activated carbon such as activating additives, power of microwave and activating time were systematically studied by adopting orthogonal test.Microscopic structures were characterized with electronic scanning microscopy.According to experimental data, optimum result on manufacture of activated carbon was obtained. P.pubescens were infused with 50% activator and 3.0% additive for 22 min by microwave at 720 W.Ethylene blue discoloring ability of activated carbon reached 14.5 mL/0.1 g.Different technology resulted in different microscopic structures. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDIES ON FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS FROM LEAVES OF SOME SUBTROPICAL ESSENTIAL OIL TREES LU Rui li;HU Feng lin 2003, 23 (2):  51-56.  Abstract ( 678 )   PDF (714KB) ( 1027 )   Save A DPPH microplate assay was made to determine the free radical scavenging activity of80% methanol extracts from leaves of some subtropical essential oil trees.Results revealed that all extracts from trees have different free radical scavenging capacities.Their free radical scavenging capacities increased with the raising of concentration and incubation time at 37℃.Of all trees, Pistasia chinensis Bunge, Liquidambar formosana Hance, Myrica rubra (Lour.) Sieb.et Zucc., Rosa banksiae Ait. and R.cymosa Tratt. have the strongest free radical scavenging capacity with a DPPH decreasing rate of 90.6%, 85.7%, 79.1%, 62.5% and 61.3%, respectively at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL after incubated for 20 min. Phoebe sheareri (Hemsl.) Gamble, Pinus elliottii Engelm., Lindera praecox Bl., L.erythrocarpa Makino, R.chinensis Jacq., Juniperus formosana Hayata and Litsea coreana Levl.var. sinensis (Allen) Yang et P.H.Huang have also moderate free radical decreasing ratio under the same conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM PINE SEEDS WITH SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE WANG Ping;YANG Jin long;LI Da jing 2003, 23 (2):  57-59.  Abstract ( 637 )   PDF (487KB) ( 639 )   Save Extraction of oil from pine seeds with supercritical CO2 was studied.Effects of extraction pressure, temperature, time and crushed condition of seeds on oil yield were investigated.Suitable extraction conditions were:pressure 30 MPa, temperature 45℃, time 180 min, and seeds were crushed by pressing. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY ON FORMING PROPERTY OF EDIBLE LAC FILM AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF TANG Li ying;LIU Yue ming;ZHAO Hong;CHEN Jun;CAI Jing 2003, 23 (2):  60-64,7.  Abstract ( 670 )   PDF (1101KB) ( 1237 )   Save Forming property of edible lac film which was made from lac and starch in soda solution was studied. Results showed that film obtained by different proportions of Chinese lac and No.4 lac has little effect on fold resis tance, solvent swell, water vapor permeability, tensile strength and elongation.With the increase of lac dosage, solvent swell and water vapor permeability decreased first followed by insignificant change, while tensile strength increased.With the increase of glycerin dosage, solvent swell and tensile strength decreased, but elongation increased.Dosage of epoxy chloreopropane could contribute to the properties of the film a certain effect.Edible film which was obtained by drying at 65℃ pocessed the best properties.Compared with the films that did not contain lac, tensile strength and water resistance were increased remarkably.The treatment of mango coated by this film could lower browning rate obviously and restrain the respiration of mango.During storage, the loss rates of VC, total acid and water of coated mango were lower than the control samples. Related Articles | Metrics