Table of Content

20 October 2007, Volume 27 Issue S1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

研究报告

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Study on Effect of Polyprenols from Ginkgo biloba Linn. on Prolonging the Life of Cancer-bearing Mice WANG Cheng-zhang;SHEN Zhao-bang;ZHENG Guang-yao;YE Jian-zhong;ZHOU Hao 2007, 27 (S1):  24-28.  Abstract ( 665 )   PDF (858KB) ( 762 )   Save Polyprenols from Ginkgo biloba Linn. (GP) was made to get a purify of 87.3% by separating non-saponifialble matter of GP with means of saponification, solvent refrigeration and II-grade molecular distillation. Different models of mice planted with SF763 tumor, A549 tumor, and transplanted EC tumor respectively were built. The effects of GP on prolonging survival time of mice bearing tumors of SF763, A549 and Ec respectively were studied by treating with ADM and ACNU iv., CY ip.and polyprenols po..The results showed that GP(320 mg/kg) combined with ADM(2 mg/kg) could significantly prolong survival time of mice bearing SF763 tumor, the life-prolonging rate was 88% (P<0.01)in contrast to normal controls; GP (>40 mg/kg) significantly had a inhibition on A549(P<0.05), the optium dosage of GP was 80 mg/kg, which had an inhibition of 82.2%(P<0.01) after an inoculation of 11 days; GP had a negative relation on prolonging survival time of mice bearing EC tumors between dosage of GP and the effect. The optimum dosage was 5-10 mg/kg,which had optimum prolonging rate of 32.77%(P<0.05). Thus GP could significantly prolong survival time of mice bearing SF763, A549 and EC tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preperation of Higher Fatty Alcohols from Insect Wax MA Li-yi;WANG You-qiong;ZHANG Zhong-quan;ZHENG Hua;GAN Jin;DUAN Qiong-fen 2007, 27 (S1):  29-32.  Abstract ( 615 )   PDF (659KB) ( 791 )   Save In this study policosanol was prepared from insect wax. The optimized condition is:4 g alkali was added into 10 g of wax, kept at 90℃ for 10 h for saponification, half mol of CaCl2 (according to the amount of alkali ) was added, stirred for 2 h at 80℃, then filtered with ethanol at reduced presure and dried. The filtrate was extracted with ethanol,then recrystallized the crude policosanol from ethanol-acetone mixture for 3 times and dried at 70℃, to obtain policosanol of 93% purity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Study on Antioxidative and Radical-scavenging Activities of Extracts from Myrica esculenta Buch. -Ham. Bark CHEN Jia-hong;WANG Yong-mei;WU Dong-mei;WU Zai-song 2007, 27 (S1):  1-7.  Abstract ( 684 )   PDF (1267KB) ( 910 )   Save Myrica esculenta Buch. -Ham. is a species of perennial tree distributing widely in Southern China. Major components of extracts from M. esculenta bark are partially galloylated polymeric prodelphinidins. Based on the feature of chemical structure, anti-oxidation activities of prodelphinidins are stronger compared with procyanidins. Extracts from the bark were obtained by intensified extraction with water followed by separation and purification. The extracts are proanthocyanidins identified by anthocyanidin reaction and IR-spectra. Number-average molecular weight(Mn) of the extracts are respectively 1705 (95%) and 798 (5%) determined by GPC and VPO. Galloylation degree at C-3 of the molecule were determined as 38%. Bio-activity deter-mination showed that the extracts could evidently inhibit lipid peroxidation, complex metal ions (e.g., Fe2+, 181 mg/g) and scavenge free radical (e.g., DPPH, scavenging speed 0.23 mg/min for 1 mg target extracts; scavenging rate 92%, while mass ratio of extract to DPPH 1:1.8). Results indicated that the extracts would be hopefully developed as a new type of natural antioxidant and radical-scavenging agent. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of Terpinyl Acetate Catalyzed by Acidic Functional Ionic Liquid Sulfonic Alkylimidazole Phosphate LIU Shi-wei;YU Shi-tao;LIU Fu-sheng;XIE Cong-xia;JI Kai-hui 2007, 27 (S1):  33-36.  Abstract ( 817 )   PDF (609KB) ( 597 )   Save An acidic functional ionic liquid 1-(3-sulfonic group)propyl-3-methylimidazole dihydrogen phosphate ((HSO3-pmim) H2PO4) was synthesized and used to catalyze the esterification of terpineol with acetic anhydride. The influences of reaction condition,such as reaction temperature, reaction time, n(terpineol):n(acetic anhydride) and amount of acidic functional ionic liquid were examined. The optimum condition for esterification was obtained as follows:n(terpineol):n(acetic anhydride)1:1.5, terpineol 5.1 g, ionic liquid 1.5 g, reaction temperature 40℃ and reaction time 8 h. Under the above condition, the conversion of terpineol was 100% and the selectivity of terpinyl acetate was 87.2%.The recyclability of the ionic liquid was also investigated. When the ionic liquid was repeatedly used for six times, the conversion of terpineol was 99.4%, and the selectivity of terpinyl acetate was 88.6%.The catalyst for this synthesis has advantages of high yield, simple experimental operation and product isolation, and easy reusability of the catalyst which could be expected to realize an clean and environment-friendly strategy for the production of terpinyl acetate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Extracting Waxberry Pip Oil by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ZHANG Yong-kang;HU Jiang-yu;LI Hui;OUYANG Hui;MA Cheng-jin 2007, 27 (S1):  47-50.  Abstract ( 647 )   PDF (739KB) ( 596 )   Save The technology of extracting waxberry pin oil was investigated using supercritical carbon dioxide . The influence of extracting factors on extraction effect was studied using orthogonal test table L9(34). The fatty acid component of waxberry pip oil was determined by GC-MS. The study indicates that the quality of waxberry pip oil by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCDE) is better than other methods, The optimum extraction yield of waxberry pip oil is 33.52% at extracting pressure 35 MPa, extracting temperature 50℃, extracting time 60 min, carbon dioxide flow rate 30 L/h, and separation temperature 30℃. The content of unsaturated fatty acid is more than 83%, mainly composed of oleic acid and linoleic acid. It is a sort of hygienical oil with high quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Gallic Acid, Ellagic Acid and Hydrolysable Tannins from Juglans mandshurica Maxim.Stem Bark SI Chuan-ling;WANG Dan;KIM J K;KWON D J;BAE Y S 2007, 27 (S1):  8-10.  Abstract ( 772 )   PDF (294KB) ( 808 )   Save Gallic acid (1), ellagic acid (2), and 4 hydrolysable tannins, 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (3), 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (4), 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (5) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (6) have been isolated from the H2O fraction of acetone-H2O (7:3) extract of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. stem bark on the basis of chemical evidence and spectral techniques. Compounds 2, 4 and 6 were reported for the first time from this species. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective Effects of Masson's Pine Bark Extract on Incomplete Cerebral Ischemia of Mice and Brain Tumor of Nude Mice ZHENG Guang-yao;WANG Cheng-zhang;XIE Heng;LI Ruo-da;CHEN Wen-ying;CHEN Hong-xia 2007, 27 (S1):  21-23.  Abstract ( 592 )   PDF (523KB) ( 688 )   Save To investigate the protective effects of masson's pine bark extract (MPBE) on incomplete cerebral ischemia of mice and brain tumor of nude mice,the model of acute incomplete cerebral ischemia in mice was established by ligating bilateral carotid arteries, and the model of intrabrain transplanted tumor in nude mice was established by implanting human brain tumor (SF763). The survival time was observed in these two models, respectively. Results showed: the survival time of mice by bilateral carotid arteries ligation was obviously prolonged with the dose of MPBE. The rate of life prolongation of nude mice by human brain tumor implantion was obviously increased with the dose of MPBE combining with ADM. MPBE may be useful for prevention of cerebral ischemia and brain tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of Methyl Abietine Catalyzed by Acidic Functional Ionic Liquid Sulfonic Alkylimidazole p-Toluenesulfonate LIU Shi-wei;YU Shi-tao;LIU Fu-sheng;XIE Cong-xia;ZHANG Peng-peng 2007, 27 (S1):  11-14.  Abstract ( 679 )   PDF (568KB) ( 729 )   Save An acidic functional ionic liquid 1-(3-sulfonic group)propyl-3-methylimidazole p-toluenesulfonate[(HSO3-pmim)pTSA] was synthesized, characterized and used to catalyze the esterification of rosin with methanol. The influences of reaction condition, such as amount of methanol and acidic functional ionic liquid, reaction time and reaciton temperature were examined. The optimum condition for esterification was obtained as follows:methanol 15 g, acidic ionic liquid 2.5 g, rosin 5 g, reaction temperature 200℃ and reaction time 4 h. Under the above condition, the acid value of methyl abietate was 17.4 mg/g. The recyclability of the ionic liquid was investigated. When the ionic liquid was repeatedly used for five times, the acid value of methyl abietate was still 20.1 mg/g.The catalyst for this synthesis has advantages of high yield, simple experimental operation and product isolation, and easy reusability of the catalyst, and it was expected to realize an clean and environmental friendly strategy for the production of methyl abietate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Composition of Plant Polysaccharide Gums as Main Resources in China JIANG Jian-xin;ZHANG Wei-ming;WANG Lei;SHI Jing-song 2007, 27 (S1):  15-20.  Abstract ( 727 )   PDF (1056KB) ( 770 )   Save The composition and property of polysaccharide gums in seeds of fenugreek, Gleditsia sinensis Lam., G. microphylla Gordon ex Y.T.Lee and tara have been first analysed systematically. It is determined that the mass contents of endosperm in seed are 33.1%, 37.8%, 41.3% and 30.5%, respectively, and the polysaccharide contents of endosperms are 74.6%, 68.6%, 63.0% and 78.0%, respectively. The polysaccharides isolated from these seeds are composed of galactose and mannose, which is similar to galactomannan from guar gum. The endothermic peaks of differential thermal analysis (DSC) of these polysaccharides are 325.5, 314.8, 309.6 and 313.6℃, and the enthalpies are 88.6, 114.4, 71.6 and 84.1 J/g respectively. The viscosity of G. sinensis polysaccharide gum at 1% concentration is the highest (274 mPa·s). Fenugreek polysaccharide gum has the lowest water insoluble substance of 8.5% (mass fraction). The aqueous solution of polysaccharide gum will gel in the presence of borate under alkalinic condition, and the jelly viscosity of fenugreek polysaccharide is 5940 Pa·s, which is the highest among other galactomannans. Related Articles | Metrics

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Antibacterial phenylpropanoid glycosides from Paulownia tomentosa ( Thunb. ) Steud. var.tomentosa Fruit SI Chuan-ling;DENG Xiao-juan;LIU Zhong;KIM J K;BAE Y S 2007, 27 (S1):  37-40.  Abstract ( 640 )   PDF (461KB) ( 704 )   Save Column chromatographic study on the aqueous acetone (70%) extract of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. var. tomentosa fruit led to the isolation of 4 phenylpropanoid glycosides and their structures were determined as verbascoside (1), isoverbascoside (2) campneoside II (3) and isocampneoside II (4) by chemical and spectral analyses. Compounds 1-2 were isolated from the title plant for the first time. The study on antibacterial activity showed that the isolated compounds, acetone extract, EtOAc and H2O fractions exhibited significant inhibition, particularly against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Dyeing Properties of Sodium Copper Chlorophyll on Flax Fiber WANG Li-juan;FENG Hao;LI Jian 2007, 27 (S1):  41-46.  Abstract ( 742 )   PDF (1295KB) ( 732 )   Save Chlorophyll was extracted from willow leaves by ultrasound-assisted extraction method in which 95% EtOH was used as solvent. Sodium copper chlorophyll was prepared by the processes of saponification and copper substitution. Maximum absorption and the ratio of absorbance were obtained by ultraviolet-visible spectrum analysis. The ratio of absorbance is 3.83 which indicates that the quality of sodium copper chlorophyll prepared can come up to the standard of GB 3262-1982. Sodium copper chlorophyll was used to dye flax fabric. In the tests, dyeing rate and color characteristic value(whiteness, L*, a*and b* values) were used as analysis indexes and the effects of concentration of each factor on dyeing results were discussed to obtain optimum process conditions as follows: mass concentration of dye solution 1 g/L, concentration of accelerating agent 60 g/L, bath ratio 1:20(g:mL), dyeing under the temperature of 98℃ for 50 min. Finally, the colorfastness of the flax fabric dyed under the best conditions, such as wash fastness, rubbing fastness and light fastness were tested. The results show that rubbing fastness is superior and wash fastness is good, however, light fastness is inferior. Dye, blank and dyed flax fabric were analyzed by FT-IR method to investigate the interaction between sodium copper chlorophyll and flax fiber. Surface appearances of blank and dyed samples were observed by SEM. The results indicate that there exist a few hydrogen bonds between sodium copper chlorophyll and flax fiber and that sodium copper chlorophyll disperses among fibers uniformly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization on Microwave-assisted Extraction of Betulin in Betula platyphylla Suk. Using Uniform Design DING Wei-min;WANG Yang;ZHOU Dan;WANG Qian;YAN Xiu-feng;YU Tao 2007, 27 (S1):  69-72.  Abstract ( 663 )   PDF (677KB) ( 711 )   Save The microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of betulin from Betula platyphylla Suk. bark was optimized using uniform design. The effects of extraction temperature, microwave power, extraction time on betulin yield by MAE were discussed and the betulin content was determined by HPLC. The results showed a betulin yield of 25.43%, a purity of 59.19% was achieved from 1 g powder of B.platyphylla bark under the extraction temperature of 72℃, microwave power 67 W, and extraction time 100 s. Comparing with the traditional reflux extraction, much shorter extraction time and better selectivity were displayed under MAE which might mean a utilizing perspective in some degree. Related Articles | Metrics

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Antifungal Activities and Active Components of Alcoholic Extracts from Leaves of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. SUN Mo-long;SONG Zhan-qian;FANG Gui-zhen 2007, 27 (S1):  81-84.  Abstract ( 582 )   PDF (670KB) ( 840 )   Save The extracts from leaves of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. were obtained by common extracting method for studying its antifungal activities and analyzing the active components. The results showed that alcoholic extracts and the acetic ether part of alcoholic extracts (separated with acetic ether from alcoholic extracts) from leaves of J. mandshurica had antifungal activities toward Alternaria alternate Fr. and Sphaeropsis sapinea Fr.. MIC of the alcoholic extracts and the acetic ether part of alcoholic extract were both 3.12 g/L toward A. alternate, and both 6.25 g/L toward S. sapinea. The active components in the acetic ether part I and part II (separated with silica gel column chromatography) of alcoholic extracts from leaves of J. mandshurica were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that major active components of relatively high content in the acetic ether part of alcoholic extracts from leaves of J. mandshurica were 1,4-naphthalenedione, 5-hydroxy-(juglone), D-allose, 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione, 1,5-naphthalenediol, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, 7-methoxy-1-tetralone, 1-naphthalenol, 8-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1,4-naphthalenedione and 4-methyl-2,6-dihydroxyquinoline. Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction and FT-IR Spectral Identification of Flavonoids Extracted from the Buds of Sophora japonica Linn. ZHANG Li-ming;ZHAO Xi;GAO Wen-yuan 2007, 27 (S1):  60-64.  Abstract ( 949 )   PDF (1051KB) ( 916 )   Save Flavonoids from the buds of Sophora japonica Linn. were extracted by three different methods, namely alkali extraction followed by acid sedimentation, ethanol refluxing and ultrasound-assisted extraction. The extraction conditions, including pH value of solvent and the kind of stabilizer were researched as well. Furthermore, with rutin as comparison, the flavonoids content of different extracts from buds of Sophora japonica L. and their FT-IR spectra had been determined. The results showed that both the yield and purity of the products by alkali extracting followed by acid sedimentation with the extract adjusted to pH value 9 containing borax as stabilizer were higher than others. Meanwhile, the typical FT-IR spectra of every sample had specific absorption peak pattern, intensity and location, related to different extracting technology. Among them, the FT-IR spectrum of flavonoids obtained under the above optimum extraction technology was similar to that of standard rutin. Therefore, quantitative analysis along with their FT-IR spectra provide a favorable foundation for quality control of flavonoids from the buds of Sophora japonica Linn.. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Cunninghamia Essential Oil Distillated from Pyroligneous Oil of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. CHENG Jian;ZENG Tao;YANG Yan-chun 2007, 27 (S1):  65-68.  Abstract ( 725 )   PDF (774KB) ( 854 )   Save The essential oil of Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.) Hook. was obtained by steam distillation first, then by vacuum distillation from the pyroligneous oil of C. lanceolata root,and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by GC and GC-MS.From 30 chromatographic peaks, 25 compounds had been identified,which accounted to 96.65% in the steam distillation part, and 95.56% in the vacuum distillation part, respectively. In the former distillate, the main components are α-pinene 11.88%, α-terpineol 3.97%, α-cedrene 35.03%, β-cedrene 8.62% and cedrol 11.76%; In the latter distillate, the main components are α-cedrene 18.02%, β-cedrene 15.94% and cedrol 52.51%. Finally purification of cedrol via recrystallization,and its analysis by IR and 1H NMR were carried out. Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on Extraction and Purification of Flavonoids from Phyllostachys heteroclata Oliver CHEN Wen-ying;WANG Cheng-zhang;YE Jian-zhong;CHEN Hong-xia 2007, 27 (S1):  73-76.  Abstract ( 660 )   PDF (642KB) ( 792 )   Save Flavonoids from Phyllostachys heteroclata Oliver were extracted by methods of waterbath and ultrasonic extractions.The optimum extraction conditions were obtained by single factor and orthogonal tests.Different kinds of macro-reticular resins were tested for purification.The results showed that the yield of flavonoids was 1.65% by waterbath extraction under the conditions of 60% ethanol, 50℃,1:20 solid-liquid ratio and 1.5 h.Order of the factors which affected waterbath extraction was: ratio of soild to liquid>concentration of ethanol solution>extraction temperature>extraction time. The yield of flavonoids was 1.27% by ultrasonic extraction under the conditions of 60% ethanol, 1:15 solid-liquid ratio and 30 min. Order of the factors which affected ultrasonic-assisted extraction was: extraction time>volume fraction of ethanol solution>ratio of soild to liquid.It was found that AB-8 macro-reticular resin was superior for the purification of flavonoids,and 70% ethanol was a good eluant. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Anti-oxidative Effect of Chilli Seed Extracts toward Paprika Oleoresin LI Xiang-zhou;ZHOU Wen-wen;YANG Jun-jun;WU Bin 2007, 27 (S1):  51-54.  Abstract ( 648 )   PDF (726KB) ( 673 )   Save The anti-oxidative effect of chilli seed extracts toward paprika oleoresin was evaluated by determining the absorbance with photoelectric colorimeter and calculating the residual rate of color value. The results showed that chilli seed extracts from supercritical fluid extraction had extremely high anti-oxidative effect toward paprika oleoresin. As the dosage of chilli seed extracts was 1 mg/g(paprika oleoresin), the residual rate of color value of paprika oleoresin was 9% higher than that of the paprika oleoresin without addition of extract and the stability of paprika oleoresin was improved apparently. In presence of oxidant (H2O2) or reducing agent (Na2SO3), the residual rate of color value of paprika oleoresin with addition of chilli seed extracts was 14.32% or 23.82% respectively higher than that of the paprika oleoresin without addition of extracts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Extracts from Grape Seeds on Antioxidative Stability of Bio-diesel Oil Derived from Pistacia chinensis Bunge WANG Kun;WANG Wei-gang;ZHU Li-wei;WANG Fang;LI Jian 2007, 27 (S1):  55-59.  Abstract ( 735 )   PDF (884KB) ( 709 )   Save The bio-diesel oil from Pistacia chinensis Bunge(PCB) has fuel properties within the limits prescribed by American (ASTM PS121-1999) standards, which is an attractive alternative fuel. PCB bio-diesel oil is susceptible to be oxidized due to great amont of methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids, which induce the deterioration of bio-diesel quality. The antioxidative stability of PCB was studied by adding four different antioxidants respectively under accelerated condition. These produced drastic effects when PCB was blended with two kinds of grape seeds extracts, respectively. Compared to Vc, a natural antioxidant, and commercial synthetic antioxidant TP 26,the effectiveness of both grape seeds extracts at low dosage (0.02%) is equivalent to that of the other two additives at high dosage (0.1%). Results indicated that grape seeds extracts have the potential as a high efficiency antioxidant of bio-diesel oil. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of 3,28-Di-O-succinyl-betulin TIAN Shui-qing;Lü Kun;FANG Gui-zhen;HAN Shi-yan;AI Qing 2007, 27 (S1):  77-80.  Abstract ( 828 )   PDF (810KB) ( 598 )   Save Two acyl groups were respectively introduced at C-3 and C-28 hydroxyl groups of betulin. 3,28-di-O-succinyl-betulin was synthesized with pyridine as solvent and dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as catalyst from betulin and succinyl anhydride. The influences of the ratio of betulin to succinyl anhydride and reaction time on the purity of 3,28-di-O-succinyl-betulin were studied. The qualitative analysis was studied by FT-IR,1H NMR and MS.The quantitative analysis was examined by HPLC. The results showed that the optimal condition was as follows: molar ratio of betulin to succinyl anhydride 1 to 18, reaction temperature 95℃ and reaction time 10 h. The yield was 70.43% and the purity was 81.854% under these conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Study on Determination of Azadirachtin A by High-performance Capillary Electrophoresis WANG You-qiong;MA Li-yi;ZHANG Zhong-quan;DUAN Qiong-fen 2007, 27 (S1):  85-88.  Abstract ( 531 )   PDF (650KB) ( 649 )   Save The possibility of using high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) to determine azadirachtin A was analysed theoretically, and proved experimentally.The stable current curve had been obtained under the testing condition as follows: SDS concentration 25 mmol/L, phosphate buffer solution concentration 0.02 mol/L, pH value 6.86, volume ratio of methanol-buffer solution 7:3, separation voltage 20 kV. The characteristic electrophoretogram of azadirachtin A was very well examinated by PDA at wavelengh 214 nm and migration time 2.6 min. The result of area integration has no notable difference with that of HPLC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the Different Methods to Extract Yellow Pigment from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis YE Jian-zhong;WANG Cheng-zhang;CHEN Wen-ying;CHEN Hong-xia;ZHENG Guang-yao 2007, 27 (S1):  89-93.  Abstract ( 761 )   PDF (655KB) ( 709 )   Save The effects of extracting yellow pigment from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis by hot extraction, ultrasonic extraction and microwave-assisted extraction were compared. Orthogonal tests were used to optimize the conditions. Through orthogonal test of heat extraction, the optimum conditions were determined as follows:70% EtOH as extracting solvent, 2 h, 30℃, 1:25 solid-liquid ratio, the color value of the extracted pigment achieved 66.45.Through orthogonal test of ultrasonic extraction,the optimum conditions were determined as follows: 80% EtOH as extracting solvent,20 min at 20℃,and solid-liquid ratio 1:20, the color value of the extracted pigment achieved 87.77.Through single factor test of microwave-assisted extraction,the optimum conditions were determined as follows: 800 W, 50% EtOH as extracting solvent,30 min at 50℃,and solid-liquid ratio 1:5, the color value of the extracted pigment achieved 64.14. The results showed that the effects of extraction while by three different methods were different, ultrasonic extraction was the best way. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Oxidation of Styrene Catalyzed by Copper Complex of Disproportionated Rosin Amine Schiff Base BAI Li-juan;LEI Fu-hou;MO Li-jun;LUO Ying;HUANG Yong-zhong 2007, 27 (S1):  99-104.  Abstract ( 616 )   PDF (970KB) ( 818 )   Save The performance of cupric complex of disproportionated rosin amine Shiff base on catalyzing oxidation of styrene by H2O2 has been investigated. Factors affecting oxidation, such as solvents, temperature, reaction time, dosage of catalyst and the ratio of oxidant to alkene have been investigated. The optimum reaction conditions were: 5.000 g styrene with 15 mL 30% H2O2 at 80℃ for 6 h in the presence of 0.5% cupric complex in 1,4-dioxane. The conversion of styrene was 93.3%, the yield and selectivity of benzaldehyde were 66.8% and 71.7%, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hydration of α-Pinene Catalyzed by SO42-/Zr-MCM-41 in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide LI Lu;YU Shi-tao;LIU Fu-sheng;XIE Cong-xia 2007, 27 (S1):  94-98.  Abstract ( 692 )   PDF (846KB) ( 685 )   Save The hydration of α-pinene to α-terpineol was studied using SO42-/Zr-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves as catalyst in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCD) for the first time. The reaction results showed that SO42-/Zr-MCM-41 was of better selectivity to the α-terpineol in SCCD than in conventional conditions, and was of similar catalytic activity in SCCD as in conventional conditions. The effects of preparing conditions of catalysts and the reaction conditions on the reaction results in SCCD were examined and the optimum conditions were obtained as follows:mass ratio of chloroacetic acid: turpentine: water 1:1:3,dosage of catalyst 7.5% of turpentine (mass),mass ratio of Si/Zr 1:0.05, reaction temperature 60℃ of 8h. Under the optimum conditions, the conversion of pinene is 94%, and the selectivity to terpineol can reach 88%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Primary Studies on Shikimic Acid from Aniseed Residue by Microbial Transformation LI Wei;CAO Yong;LEI Yong;CHEN Xue-xiang 2007, 27 (S1):  113-116.  Abstract ( 647 )   PDF (751KB) ( 677 )   Save A new way to obtain shikimic acid (SA) through microbial transformation of the bacteria Salmonella B31 in aqueous extracting solution of aniseed residue and its affecting factors were studied. HPLC analysis showed that S. B31 did not produce SA itself. Using the S. B31 to transform the extracting solution of aniseed residue, the concentration of SA increased from 8.04 g/L to 8.80 g/L and reached to the highest content between 20 h and 24 h, and then content of SA was decreased during the prolonged culture. The best transformation effect was obtained for the solution of aniseed residue:water extracts for 1:40(g:mL) with the bacteria S. B31 culture for 24 h and the highest SA content was 0.213 g/L, which increased 2.56 times. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of the Content of Phenolic Compounds in Bamboo Vinegar by Folin-Ciocalteu's Method QIAN Hua;WANG Yan-bing;XU Jiong;BO Ming-e 2007, 27 (S1):  105-108.  Abstract ( 635 )   PDF (707KB) ( 729 )   Save Using propyl gallate as standard material, the optimum conditions for determining the content of phenolic compounds in bamboo vinegar by Folin-Ciocalteu's method were investigated. The results showed that the reaction conditions were:ratio of Folin reagent to 10% Na2CO3 1:1(volume ratio ),reaction temperature 35℃, reaction time 120 min. There was a good linearity in range of 5-30 g/L.The average recovery rate was 101.55% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.30%. This method had a good accuracy and precision to determine the content of phenolic compounds. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Resveratrol Content in Different Parts and Calluses of Polygonum cuspidtums Sieb. et Zucc. by HPLC LEI Yong;CAO Yong;CHEN Xue-xiang;LI Wei 2007, 27 (S1):  109-112.  Abstract ( 715 )   PDF (711KB) ( 561 )   Save Resvertarol was extracted by ultrasonic extraction from different tissue parts and calluses of Plygorum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc. and analyzed by HPLC. The results showed that the contents of resveratrol in natural resource of P. cuspidatum were in the sequence of: rhizome bud>marrow>xylem>phloem>perithelium. The highest content of resveratrol in rhizome bud is 0.4251%, the content in marrow is 0.2664%.In the same batch of calluses in different colors, the highest content of resvetatrol is 0.0550%, which is the brown one, the lowest contents of resveratrol is only 0.0005%, which is the yellow green one. Under different cultural conditions, the callus cultured under the light has more resvetatrol (mass fraction 0.0104%) than the callus cultured in darkness(0.0075%). In the different explants sources of callus tissue, the content of resveratrol is in the sequence of: rhizome bud>rhizome>leaves, in which rhizome bud with the callus induced has resveratrol content of 0.0550%. Resveratrol mass fraction of callus in different induced parts is: fresh rhizome (phloem in rhizome)>xylem in rhizome>marrow in rhizome, about 0.0090% in fresh rhizome. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and Release Function of Arabinogalactan-5-fluorouracil MA Yan-li;FANG Gui-zhen;JIN Zhong-ling 2007, 27 (S1):  117-120.  Abstract ( 599 )   PDF (891KB) ( 608 )   Save Arabinogalactan, which was extracted from the processed wood residue of Larix gmelinii(Rupr.), was reacted with 5-fluorouracil to obtain the novel arabinogalactan-5-fluouracil (AGF), which has a loaded capacity of 6.38%. The mechanism of reaction was corroborated via infrared and ultraviolet spectrometries. Its delayed releasing function was characterized by the curve of cumulative release percentage in the phosphate buffer (pH value 7.2) solution. The drug releasing rate was 16.52% in 52 h. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Microwave Irradiation Assisted Extraction of Brown Pigment from Chestnut Shell WU Chun-hua;ZHANG Jia-yan;QIN Yong-jian;LI An-ling 2007, 27 (S1):  121-124.  Abstract ( 433 )   PDF (748KB) ( 722 )   Save The natural pigment was extracted from chestnut shell by alcohol-water as solvent assisted by microwave irradiation. The influence of extracting factors on extraction effect was studied using orthogonal test table L9 (34). The result indicates that the optimal extraction condition for chestnut shell pigment is respectively: microwave irradiation time 13 min, at75℃, volume fraction of ethanol solution 40%, and the mass ratio between solid and solvent 1:20 ( g:mL ). The yield is 7.02%. According to qualitative and stability tests, this pigment is a kind of flavonoid pigment which has good stabilities against light, reducing agent and oxidative agents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Microwave-assisted Extraction of Natural Antioxidant from Orange Peel YANG Jing;QIN Yong-jian;ZHANG Jia-yan;CHEN Yu-lan;TONG Xian-xia 2007, 27 (S1):  125-128.  Abstract ( 646 )   PDF (808KB) ( 765 )   Save A microwave-assisted extraction, using ethyl alcohol as solvent was adopted for extracting flavonoids from orange peel. The effect on extraction rate of flavonoids of factors such as concentration of alcohol, extraction time and the ratio of solid to liquid were investigated. The results from the single factors and orthogonal tests showed that when the conditions were 75% alcohol (valume fraction), extraction time 7 min and the ratio of solid to liquid 1:30, the yield of flavonoids was up to 12.04%.The free redical scavenging effects of orange peel extraction was determined by DPPH method. Orange peel extracts obtained under various conditions showed definite scavenging effects on DPPH redical. A significant positive correlation was found between DPPH scavenging rate of extracts and flavonoids content. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Extraction of Oligoprocyanidins from the Root of Sanguisorba officinalis Linn. JIANG Gui-quan;FANG Gui-zhen;PANG Jiu-yin 2007, 27 (S1):  129-132.  Abstract ( 633 )   PDF (752KB) ( 588 )   Save The extraction and separation techniques of oligoprocyanidins (OPC) from the root of wild Sanguisorba officinalis Linn. in Jilin were studied. The effects of solvent concentration, particle size, ratio of sample to solvent and extraction temperature, extraction time and extraction times on the yield of oligoprocyanidins were studied. The optimal extraction conditions are as follows: extraction solvent of 60% (volume fraction) alcohol solution, particle size 0.25-0.42 mm, ratio of sample to solvent 1:12(g:mL), extraction temperature 50℃, extraction times 4, 1 h once. The concentrated extraction liquid was added with definite amount of concentrated NaCl solution, then centrifuged under low temperature. The solution was extracted with double amounts of ethyl acetate for three times, to obtain the purified extract, in which the amount of oligoprocyanidins was 56.86%. The yield of oligoprocyanidins based on the bone-dried raw material is 3.42%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Leaves of Salix matsudana Koidz. WANG Li-juan;LI Jian;GU Yi-jing 2007, 27 (S1):  133-136.  Abstract ( 588 )   PDF (727KB) ( 930 )   Save Fallen leaves of Salix matsudama Koidz. were used as raw material to extract flavonoids by using 60% ethanol (mass fraction) as solvent, using rutin as reference substance. Optimum conditions of solvent extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction were investigated and the extracting effects of two methods were compared. The results show that optimum conditions of solvent extraction are as follows:fallen leaves powder 0.3 g, ethanol mass fraction 60%, ratio of material to liquid 1:35(g:mL), extracting 3 times at 65℃, and 75 min for each time. Yield of flavonoids is 3.83% under the conditions. Optimum conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction are: fallen leaves powder 0.3 g, ethanol mass fraction 60%, the ratio of material to liquid 1:35(g:mL), the ultrasonic power 400 W, the ultrasonic wave treatment for twice and 30 min for each time, yield of flavonoids is 4.26% under the conditions.The extracting time of ultrasonic-assisted extraction is 60% shorter than solvent extraction, while yield of flavonoids is 11.23% higher. Related Articles | Metrics

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Applications of Spray Freeze Drying in Processing of Pharmaceuticals and Extracts of Plant Resource HUANG Li-xin;ZHENG Wen-hui;WANG Cheng-zhang;MUJUMDAR A S;LEUENBERGER H 2007, 27 (S1):  143-146.  Abstract ( 670 )   PDF (672KB) ( 1136 )   Save The drying characteristics of different drying methods, namely, spray drying, vacuum freeze drying and spray freeze drying, are discussed and investigated. The principle of spray freeze drying is specially discussed. The progress of studies on spray freeze drying of natural plant extracts and pharmaceuticals by foreign scholars are introduced. The characteristics of product by spray freeze drying are analyzed, and the potentials of its application fields are put forward.These provide the bases for further studies on spray freeze drying. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Application of Ultrasonic Technology to Biomass Resources Processing BI Liang-wu;ZHAO Zhen-dong;VINATORU Mircea;CHEN Yuan-ping;LI Dong-mei;GU Yan;WANG Jing 2007, 27 (S1):  138-142.  Abstract ( 778 )   PDF (966KB) ( 1131 )   Save Technologies and applications of ultrasonic processing on biomass resources at home and abroad were reviewed. The theory of ultrasonic processing for plant extraction and their related extraction equipments in China were described. The ultrasonic applications for extraction of essential oil, natural pigment, polysaccharide, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, organic acids, vegetable oil, etc. were introduced. The ultrasonic processings for preparation of biodiesel fuel, hydrolysis of biomass resources and modification of biomass materials were also introduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics and Research Progress of Quinone Pigments LU Yan-min;ZHOU Mei-cun;ZHENG Hua;ZHANG Hong 2007, 27 (S1):  147-152.  Abstract ( 771 )   PDF (1172KB) ( 684 )   Save Natural pigments have a few categories of quinone structure, which commonly include rubianic acid, gromwell pigment, alkanet color, jujube pigment, lac dye, carmine, et al. In this paper, characteristics of these quinone pigments are outlined, and progress of research on extraction and purification method of these pigments in recent years are overviewed. Related Articles | Metrics